Matenda a Parkinson

Chidule cha Matenda a Parkinson

Matenda a Parkinson amayamba chifukwa cha imfa ya maselo a mitsempha ya dopamine mu ubongo. Dopamine ndi khungu lofunika kwambiri la ubongo (mankhwala amtundu mu ubongo) omwe amathandiza kuyendetsa minofu. Choncho pamene dopamine yatha mu ubongo, zizindikiro monga kugwedezeka, kuuma, ndi kuyenda zovuta zimachitika.

> Maselo opanga mankhwala a Dopamine mu ubongo amatha kuthetsa matenda a Parkinson.

Ngakhale kuti matenda a Parkinson ankaonedwa kuti ndi matenda okhaokha, akatswiri tsopano akuzindikira kuti imayambitsa zizindikiro zosagwirizana ndi magalimoto monga mavuto ogona, kudzimbidwa, ndi kutaya fungo.

Chochititsa chidwi ndi chakuti zizindikirozi zikhoza kutsogolera zizindikiro zamagalimoto zaka zambiri, ngakhale zaka zambiri.

Ndikofunika kumvetsa kuti matenda a Parkinson ndi matenda ovuta. Koma pakuphunzira zidule za chidziwitso cha ubongo uwu, wayamba kale kukhala ndi moyo wabwino (kapena kuthandiza wokondedwa) kukhala ndi moyo bwino.

Chifukwa cha Matenda a Parkinson

Ngakhale kuti chifukwa chachikulu cha matenda a Parkinson a munthu sichidziwikiratu, akatswiri amakhulupirira kuti zimachokera ku mgwirizano wovuta pakati pa majini ndi malo ake.

• Kodi Parkinson Imakhudza Moyo Wosatha?

• Mmene Mungagonjetse Zojambula Zojambula M'magulu a Parkinson

Zitsanzo za kuwonetsa zachilengedwe zomwe zingayambitse chitukuko cha matenda a Parkinson mwa munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda ophera tizilombo kapena zamoyo. Zina mwazidziwitso za matenda a Parkinson ndizokula msinkhu komanso chiwerewere (matenda a Parkinson amapezeka kwambiri mwa amuna).

Zizindikiro za Matenda a Parkinson

Zizindikiro za matenda a Parkinson zikhoza kukhala zowoneka mwamsanga-inde, zingakhale zosazindikirika. Koma m'kupita kwa nthawi zizindikirozo zimakula pang'onopang'ono ndi nthawi.

Zizindikiro zamagalimoto mu Matenda a Parkinson

Magalimoto anayi omwe amasonyeza kuti matenda a Parkinson ndi awa:

• Kudandaula
• Bradykinesia (kuchepa kwa kuyenda)
• Kulemera
• Kusalongosoka kwa positi (kutengera kusalingani)

Kuwopsya mu matenda a Parkinson kumatchedwa kuti "kupiritsira mapiritsi" chifukwa cha momwe zikuwonekera-ngati kuti munthu akuponya mapiritsi kapena chinthu china chaching'ono pakati pa chala chake ndi chala chachindunji. Ikufotokozedwanso ngati kuwopsa kwa kupumulira chifukwa kumachitika pamene gawo la thupi (ngati dzanja) limasuka komanso limapumula. Munthu akayamba kuyenda molimbika, monga momwe amafikira galasi, kutentha kumachepa kapena kutha. Kudandaula kungapezekanso m'madera ena a thupi, monga phazi kapena mchira, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosautsa ndi nkhawa.

Ndizosangalatsa kuzindikira kuti pamene kupumula kumachitika mwa ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda a Parkinson, salipo aliyense.

Bradykinesia imalongosola kuti munthu wasachepera mphamvu yosuntha. Monga momwe mungaganizire, izi zingakhale zolepheretsa makamaka. Munthu angapite patsogolo kuchokera ku zovuta pogwiritsa ntchito zala zake (mwachitsanzo, kutsegula mtsuko kapena kuyika) kuti asagwiritse ntchito miyendo yawo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pang'onopang'ono pang'onopang'ono.

Kulemera kumatanthauza kuuma kwa minofu ndi kukana kupuma kwa minofu. Munthu wokhuthala sangathe kusuntha manja ake pamene akuyenda, kapena iye akhoza kusintha kapena kusunthira patsogolo.

Kulemera kungakhale kowawa, ndipo izi zingathandizenso kuvutika kuyenda, makamaka kuyenda.

Chizindikiro china cha matenda a Parkinson ndi kusakhazikika kwaumbuyo -kutanthauza kusasamala pamene akuyimirira. Chizindikiro ichi nthawi zambiri chimayamba pakapita nthawi ya matenda a Parkinson. Kwa munthu yemwe ali ndi vuto la postpost , chigoba chaching'ono pa mkono chingayambitse iwo kugwa.

Palinso zizindikiro zambiri zogwiritsa ntchito magalimoto ku matenda a Parkinson, ndipo kukhalapo kwawo kumakhala kosiyana, kutanthauza kuti si onse omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zomwezo kapena ali ndi digiri yomweyo. Zina mwazizindikiro zokhudzana ndi magalimoto zimaphatikizapo:

• Diso limachepa
• Kuchepetsa nkhope ya nkhope
• Kulankhula ndi kumeza mavuto
• Kupanga mankhwala ochuluka
• Maseŵera ozizira -kumene munthu amamva ngati mapazi awo amadzikongoletsera pansi kapena pansi pake ndizowonongeka ku mpando

Osati Zizindikiro M'maganizo a Parkinson

Pamene kufufuza kwa matenda a Parkinson kukufalikira, akatswiri tsopano akuyang'ana mochulukira pa zizindikiro zosagwirizana ndi magalimoto. Zizindikirozi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofooketsa munthu kusiyana ndi magalimoto awo, ndipo zimatha kuyamba zaka zambiri.

Zitsanzo za zosagwira ntchito zamtundu wa matenda a Parkinson zikuphatikizapo:

• Hallucinations (kawirikawiri zithunzi) ndi / kapena zosokoneza
• Matenda a maganizo monga kupanikizika, nkhawa, ndi kusowa chidwi (kutaya chidwi ndi kutengeka)
• Mavuto ogona ndi kutopa kwa masana
• Matenda osokonezeka maganizo ndi dementia
• Kulephera kwa Autonomic (mwachitsanzo, kugwa kwa magazi pakumirira kapena kuvomereza)
• Kusokonezeka kwachidziwitso monga kupweteka ndi kumenyedwa kapena kupweteka
• Matenda a khungu (mwachitsanzo, seborrheic dermatitis)
• Kutaya kwa kununkhiza

Kuzindikira Matenda a Parkinson

Kuzindikira kwa matenda a Parkinson kumafuna kufufuza mosamalitsa komanso mosamalitsa ndi dokotala, kawirikawiri katswiri wa zamagulu , popeza palibe vuto la kuyembekezera magazi kapena vuto la ubongo. Ngakhale kuti matendawa ndi owongoka kwa anthu ena, zingakhale zovuta kwa ena, makamaka popeza pali zochitika zina zochepa zokhudzana ndi matenda a ubongo zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro zofanana ndi matenda a Parkinson.

Ngati dokotala akudandaula ndi matenda a Parkinson, adzafunsa mafunso angapo okhudza kugona, kukonda, kukumbukira, kuyenda mavuto, ndi kugwa kwaposachedwapa.

• Kodi Ana Anga Angalandire Matenda a Parkinson Kuchokera Kwa Ine?

• Zotsatirapo ndi Chithandizo cha Kufunika Kwambiri mu Matenda a Parkinson

Ayeneranso kufufuza mwakuthupi kuti ayang'ane zowonongeka, mphamvu ya minofu, ndi kuchepetsa. Musadabwe ngati mukuganiza kuti mayesero kapena mayesero a magazi amalamulidwa kuti athetse zina.

Palinso zofunikira zomwe adokotala amatsatira kuti adziwe matenda a Parkinson. Mwachitsanzo, njira imodzi yomwe imathandizira kupeza matenda a Parkinson ndi ngati munthu amene ali ndi zizindikiro za Parkinson ali ndi kusintha kwakukulu kwa zizindikiro zake atatha kumwa levodopa (mankhwala omwe amachiritsira matenda a Parkinson).

Ngakhale palibe chithandizo cha matenda a Parkinson, uthenga wabwino ndi wakuti pali njira zingapo zothandizira kuti musinthe zizindikiro kuti inu kapena wokondedwa wanu mutha kukhala ndi moyo bwino.

Kuchiza kwa Zizindikiro

Kusankha nthawi yoyambira mankhwala kwa zizindikiro zamagalimoto sikuti nthawi zonse kumamveka bwino-kumadalira munthuyo komanso momwe zizindikiro zawo zimakhalira zofooketsa. Ndipotu mungadabwe kudziwa kuti kumayambiriro kwa matenda a Parkinson, mankhwala sangafunike.

Carbidopa-levodopa, yomwe imadutsa ndi dzina lakuti brand Sinemet kapena Parcopa, ndiyo mankhwala oyambirira komanso othandiza kwambiri a Parkinson. Levodopa imasanduka dopamine mu ubongo, yomwe imathandiza kubwezeretsa minofu. Carbidopa amachititsa levodopa kukhala yogwira mtima popewera kukhala dopamine kunja kwa ubongo.

Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mankhwalawa asagwiritsidwe bwino kwambiri ndikuti munthu akakhalapo kwa zaka zambiri, sizingakhale bwino kuyendetsa magalimoto-izi zimatchedwa "kuvala" zotsatira. Kuonjezera apo, kusuntha komwe sikungakuthandizeni ngati mitsempha ya minofu kapena kugwedeza (yotchedwa dyskinesia) ikhoza kuchitika mutatha kugwiritsa ntchito levodopa nthawi yaitali.

Dopamine agonists ngati Mirapex (pramipexole) ndi Requip (ropinirole) amachititsa kuti dopamine-receptors-docking sites-mu ubongo, amachititsa ubongo kuganiza kuti dopamine imayenera kuti thupi lisunthe. Dopamine agonists sagwira ntchito kwambiri kuposa levodopa, ndipo amakhala ndi zotsatira zochepa monga kuwonetsa maonekedwe, kugona tulo (kugona tulo), ndi makhalidwe okhwimitsa monga njuga, kudya, kugula, kapena kugonana.

Izi zikunenedwa kuti, dopamine agonists nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamayambiriro akale a matenda a Parkinson, posakhalitsa kufunika kwa levodopa mpaka m'tsogolo mwa matendawa. Izi zikhoza kuthana ndi mavuto a nthawi yaitali a levodopa monga zotsatira za "kuvala" komanso kutuluka kwa thupi.

Monamine oxidase inhibitors (MAO-B inhibitors) amagwiritsa ntchito akuluakulu, Emsam, ndi Zelapar (selegiline) ndi Azilect (rasagiline), omwe amachititsa kuti zizindikiro zikhale zolepheretsa mavitamini omwe amayambitsa dopamine mu ubongo. Izi zimathandiza kuti dopamine yogwira ntchito ikhale yochuluka kwambiri mu ubongo.

Zovuta za monamine oxidase inhibitors ndizoti sizothandiza ngati levodopa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Parkinson, ndipo amatha kuyanjana ndi mankhwala ena, monga antidepressants.

Cholinga chake n'chakuti nthawi zina amatha kupindula poyendetsa galimoto zizindikiro m'mayambiriro a matenda a Parkinson, makamaka kugula munthu nthawi yambiri asanayambe levodopa.

COMT inhibitors monga Comtan (entacapone) ndi Tasmar (tolcapone) ntchito powonjezera zotsatira za levodopa mu ubongo (kotero zimatengedwa ndi levodopa). Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochitira anthu omwe amavala "zotsatira" za kukhala pa levodopa nthawi yayitali. Kuwunika kuyesa magazi kumayenera ngati munthu ali pa Tasmar (tolcapone).

Anticholinergics ngati Artane (trihexyphenidyl) ndi Cogentin (benzotropine) amalamulidwa kuti achepetse kusokonezeka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Parkinson. Zimagwira ntchito powonjezera acetylcholine mu ubongo.

Chokhumudwitsa ndi chakuti anticholinergics imakhala ndi zotsatira zambiri zovuta monga masomphenya owonetsa, pakamwa youma, kusunga mkodzo, kudzimbidwa, ndi chisokonezo (makamaka akuluakulu). Chifukwa chaichi, iwo amasungidwa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Parkinson ali ndi zaka 70.

Symmetrel (amantadine) ndi mankhwala oletsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda a Parkinson oyambirira kuti athetsetukuntho ndi kuuma. Zoopsa zowonjezera zimaphatikizapo pakamwa pouma, kudzimbidwa, kuthamanga kwa khungu, kutupa kwa khungu, kuwonetsa maso, ndi chisokonezo.

Kuchiza kwa Zizindikiro Zopanda Zizindikiro

Kupatula mavuto omwe amayenda nawo ndi matenda a Parkinson ndi zizindikiro zosaoneka zosaoneka ngati mavuto ogona, mavuto amalingaliro, ndi kusintha kwa maganizo, zomwe zingasokoneze moyo wa munthu. Nkhani yabwino ndi yakuti pali mankhwala othandiza kuti athetse.

Mwachitsanzo, kupanikizika kumakhala kofala mu matenda a Parkinson, koma amatha kuchiritsidwa ndi matenda ochizira matenda, monga serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Kwa matenda a maganizo (kuganiza ndi kukumbukira mavuto), khungu la khungu la Exelon (rivastigmine) likhoza kulamulidwa.

Hallucinations ndi psychosis zingasokoneze kwambiri munthu (ndi okondedwa awo) ndi matenda a Parkinson. Pofuna kuthetsa izi, katswiri wa zamagetsi angayime kapena kuchepetsa mlingo wa mankhwala a Parkinson (mwachitsanzo, levodopa). Pa milandu yowonjezereka ya mankhwala opatsirana, mankhwala oletsa antipsychotic angapangidwe.

Njira zothandizira kukonzanso mankhwala monga kulankhula, ntchito, ndi mankhwala amathanso amagwiritsidwa ntchito popititsa patsogolo umoyo wa matenda a Parkinson.

Kulimbikitsidwa Kwambiri kwa Ubongo

Kuwongolera kwakukulu kwa ubongo kumawasungira omwe ali ndi matenda apamwamba a Parkinson omwe mavitamini awo samachiritsidwa moyenera ndi mankhwala. Zimakhala zothandiza kwambiri kwa anthu omwe amaletsa, kutseketsa kutenthedwa, ndi omwe ali ndi machitidwe osayendetsedwe (otchedwa dyskinesia) kapena kusintha kwapadera ("kuuma ndi kutaya"), zomwe zimakhala zovuta kugwiritsa ntchito levodopa nthawi yayitali.

Kulimbikitsidwa kwa ubongo kumaphatikizapo tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kamene timapanga waya mkatikati mwa ubongo. Foni iyi imagwirizanitsidwa ndi chipangizo chogwiritsa ntchito batri chotchedwa neurostimulator, chomwe chimayikidwa pansi pa khungu pafupi ndi collarbone. Mitundu yamagetsi yotulutsidwa kuchokera ku neurostimulator (yolamulidwa ndi wodwalayo) imakhulupirira kuti imasintha njira zamagulu zovuta kuyenda mu ubongo zomwe zimayendetsa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka madzi.

Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kuti mankhwala opaleshoniwa si mankhwala ndipo samaletsa matenda a Parkinson kuti munthu apite patsogolo. Palinso zoopsa zazikulu zomwe zimaphatikizapo, kukulankhulana momveka bwino ndi katswiri wa m'mimba, dokotala wa opaleshoni, ndi banja asanakumane nawo.

Mawu ochokera

Matenda a Parkinson ndi matenda osokoneza bongo ("kufa ndi maselo a ubongo") matenda omwe amakhudza osati momwe munthu amasunthira, komanso momwe amalingalira, kumva, kugona, komanso kununkhiza. Ngakhale zizindikirozi zikhoza kulepheretsa, uthenga wabwino ndi wakuti pali njira zothandiza kuchepetsa zomwe zimakhudzira moyo wanu kapena wokondedwa wanu.

> Zotsatira:

> Jankovic J. Parkinson matenda: zizindikiro zachipatala ndi matenda. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry . 2008 Apr; 79 (4): 368-76.

> Parkinson's Disease Foundation. Matenda a Parkinson ndi chiyani?

> Postuma RB. Matenda a MDS odwala matenda a Parkinson. Sungani Kusokonezeka . 2015 Oct; 30 (12): 1591-601.

> Rao SS, Hofmann LA, Shakil A. Parkinson: Matenda ndi Chithandizo. Am Phys Physician . 2006 Dec 15; 74 (12): 2046-54.

> Wagle Shukla A, Okun MS. Kuchiza opaleshoni ya Parkinson: odwala, zolinga, zipangizo, ndi njira. Neurotherapeutics. 2014 Jan; 11 (1): 47-59.