Sinthani Kuchiza kwa Matenda a Parkinson
Pamene inu kapena munthu wina amene mumamukonda ali ndi matenda a Parkinson (PD), zingawoneke kuti mankhwala atsopano ndi abwino alibe pomwepo. Koma mukamaganizira mbiri ya chitukuko cha mankhwala atsopano a PD, pali chifukwa chokhala ndi chiyembekezo. Ngakhale kuti PD inkadziwikiratu kwa anthu akale, sizinaphunzire mosamalitsa mpaka zaka zapakatikati (zomwe zikuoneka kuti ndi wafilosofi Wachiislam Averroes).
PD sichidziwika bwino m'mbuyomu chifukwa chakuti anthu ambiri sankakhala nawo zaka 60 kapena 70 panthawiyo. Kotero PD ayenera kuti anali osowa kwambiri mu dziko lakale kuposa lero. Phunziro la sayansi la PD silinayambe mpaka James Parkinson atulutsa 'Essay on the palsy' mu 1817. Kuchokera nthawi imeneyo, zizindikiro za PD zinazindikiridwa ngati matenda kapena zizindikiro za zizindikiro zomwe zimayambitsa. Kumayambiriro kwazaka za m'ma 1900, mliri wa chimfine unayambitsa dziko lapansi. Anthu ena odwala matendawa anapeza zizindikiro za PD ndipo milandu yawo inaphunzira mwakhama, motero kumapangitsa kudziwa zizindikiro za parkinsonian. Pofika zaka za m'ma 1940 ndi 50s, mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito opaleshoni anali kugwiritsa ntchito PD. Mu 1960, dopamine inapezeka kuti yachepa mu ubongo wa anthu okhala ndi PD. Mu 1961 mpaka 1962, timapeza mayesero oyamba a levodopa. Pofika mu 1968, mapiritsi a levodopa analipo kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito.
Izi ndizopambana kwambiri kwa PD. Thandizo la Levodopa linathandiza kwambiri odwala ena kuti akhale ndi moyo wamba. Posakhalitsa, anapeza kuti mankhwala a levodopa anali ndi zotsatira zoyipa ndipo sakanatha kulepheretsa kuti matendawa apitirire kuti mankhwala atsopano apangidwe kuti athetse mavutowa komanso kuchepa kwa matendawa.
Bromocriptine ndi MAO-B inhibitor deprenyl zinapangidwa m'ma 1970. Mafuta a Perdigal, anti-antioxidant and anti-antibiotic anayamba m'ma 1980. Panthawiyi, njira zochizira ubongo zinayambika kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1980 ndipo njira zamagetsi zodzikongoletsera zinayengedwa m'ma 80s ndi 90. A FDA adavomereza kugwiritsa ntchito ubongo wozama wa ubongo wamtunduwu kuti athetsedwe mu 1997. New dopamine agonists , pramipexole ndi ropinirole zinaloledwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito chaka chomwechi. Tolcapone ndi Entacapone zinavomerezedwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito chaka chotsatira cha 1998. M'zaka zonse za m'ma 1990, zovuta zambiri zapachibadwa zomwe zaphatikizidwa mu PD zinapezeka. Kuzindikiritsa zolakwika za majeremusi kungabweretse mankhwala atsopano m'zaka za m'ma 2000. Pulogalamu ya jekeseni ya PD inayamba mu 2005. M'zaka za m'ma 90 ndi kumayambiriro kwa zaka za 2000, kupambana kwa sayansi ya sayansi yamatenda kunatanthawuza kuti mankhwala atsopano adzabwera posachedwa ngakhale kuti palibe mankhwala otere omwe adakalipo.
Mu 2006, chipangizo chatsopano cha MAO-B chinayambitsidwa chotchedwa rasagiline. M'chaka chomwecho, njira yatsopano yothandizira PD, yotchedwa Antiapoptotic therapy, inayamba. Zapangidwa kuti zisawononge kufa kwa maselo a dopamine. Apoptosis imatanthawuza 'selo-death program' yomwe imapezeka pakati pa maselo a dopamine a odwala PD.
Ndipo mankhwala odana ndi apoptotic ayenera kotheratu kulepheretsa kuti pulojekitiyi iwonongeke imfa. Pakadali pano mankhwalawa akufufuzidwabe. Mu 2007 dopamine chigamba chinapangidwa (rotigotine) kuti apereke dopamine ku magazi mwa njira yowonjezera yowonjezera kotero kuchepetsa zotsatira zake. Kwa zaka zambiri zapitazo za m'ma 1900, mitundu yonse ya mankhwala idagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda osokoneza bongo a PD monga mavuto a m'maganizo, mavuto ogona, mavuto a maganizo ndi zina zotero.
Tsopano zindikirani kuti kamodzi ka PD kamene kanadziwika kumayambiriro kwa zaka za 1960 monga matenda a dopamine metabolism, njira zatsopano zothandizira PD zinakhazikitsidwa mwamsanga.
Zaka khumi zikadapitirira, kuyendayenda kwazinthu kunawoneka ngatikuwonjezeka kwambiri kotero kuti m'zaka za m'ma 2000 tili ndi mitundu yatsopano yothandizira njira zochiritsira - kuchokera ku kusintha kwatsopano kwa jini kwa mankhwala omwe angapangitse kuti apitirizebe kusamalira Ufulu pa nthawi yonse ya matendawa ikukula bwino. Ndikukhulupiliranso kuti mawotchiwa adzapezeka m'zaka zochepa kuti matendawa ayambe kuchepa.
Zotsatira
> Wiener, WJ ndi Factor, SA (2008). Mndandanda wa Matenda a Parkinson Mbiri kuyambira mu 1900. Mu: Matenda a Parkinson: Kusanthula ndi Kusamalira Katemera: Kachiwiri Kusindikizidwa ndi Stewart A Factor, DO ndi William J Weiner, MD. New York: Demos Publishing Medical; > pps >. 33-38.