Chifukwa Chimene Madokotala Amapitiriza Kudalira Aleviodopa mu Chithandizo cha Parkinson
Levodopa imatengedwa ngati golidi ya dopamine m'malo mwa mankhwala a Parkinson. Mankhwalawa anapangidwa m'ma 1960s zaka zambiri pambuyo pa James Parkinson mu 1817 analemba za zizindikiro zomwe lero timadziwa monga matenda a Parkinson. Zaka makumi angapo pambuyo pake, mankhwala a levodopa adagwiritsidwa ntchito mochizira matendawa.
Akatengedwa pakamwa, levodopa imalowetsedwa m'magazi kuchokera m'mimba yaing'ono.
Kenako amatembenuzidwa kukhala dopamine ndi michere mu ubongo, zomwe zimathandiza m'malo mwa neurotransmitter yomwe yatayika monga ubongo wa dopamine-producing neurons amwalira.
Momwe Aleviya Anachitira
Levodopa nthawi zonse imakhala pamodzi ndi mankhwala a carbidopa (monga dzina la mankhwala a Sinemet), zomwe zimathandizira kuti levodopa ikhale yogwira mtima komanso imapangitsa kuti mankhwalawa asagwedezeke m'magazi asanafike ku ubongo. M'malo mopitirira mlingo waukulu, kuwonjezera kwa carbidopa kumapangitsa kuti levodopa aperekedwe pang'onopang'ono. Izi zimachepetsa kunyoza ndi kusanza, nthawi zambiri zotsatira zovulaza. Ku Ulaya, levodopa ikuphatikizidwa ndi mtundu wina wotchedwa benserazide womwe umakhudza kwambiri dzina la mankhwala a Madopar.
Dopamine mankhwala othandizira ena amagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri poletsa zizindikiro zamagalimoto ndikuthandizira kuti ntchito zapansi za Parkinson zitheke.
Komabe, zikhoza kuyambitsa zotsatira zoyipa monga dyskinesias (kayendetsedwe ka mavuto osokoneza bongo), zomwe zingachepetse kuchuluka kwa mankhwala omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Izi zimachititsa kuti anthu ambiri adzidwe mozama malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa dopamine m'malo omwe angathe kulekerera. Nthaŵi zina, zotsatira zoyipa zimakhala zoipitsitsa kusiyana ndi zizindikiro zoyambirira zochiritsira.
Kuonjezerapo, sizimayankhula ndi zizindikiro za osalongosoka za Parkinson, zomwe zimadziwika kuti zimayambitsa matenda ambiri kwa odwala.
Levodoopa Mbali Zotsatira
Zotsatira za mankhwala a dopamine m'malo mwake zimakhalapo, koma sizingatheke, kunyoza, kusanza, kuthamanga kwa magazi , kutsika kwa mutu, ndi pakamwa. Kwa anthu ena izo zingayambitse chisokonezo ndi zolinga. Kwa nthawi yayitali, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa dopamine m'malo mwake kungathenso kutengera dyskinesias ndi kusintha kwa magalimoto (mwachitsanzo, nthawi zambiri "nthawi" pamene mankhwala sakugwira ntchito bwino).
Mitundu ya Dopamine Replacement Alternative Therapies
Dopamine mankhwala othandizira amachokera m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Zowonongeka kwambiri ndi izi:
Levodopa / Carbidopa: Kuphatikizana kumabwera mwachidule (Sinemet) komanso nthawi yayitali (Sinemet CR) yomwe imafuna kawiri-tsiku tsiku lililonse. Levodopa / carbidopa imabwera ndi pulogalamu ya phulusa (Parcopa) yomwe siifuna madzi kuti atenge ndipo ndi othandiza kwa iwo omwe ali ndi mavuto omeza.
Levodopa / Carbidopa / Entacapone: Stalevo ndi dzina lina lachidziwitso la ma dopamine lomwe limakhalapo nthawi yayitali kuti poonjezera lavodopa ndi carbidopa ali ndi mankhwala owonjezera omwe amachititsa kuti chidziwitsochi chikhale chonchi.
Panopa kuli kokha ku Canada ndi Europe, levodopa / carbidopa gel (Duodopa) ndi mawonekedwe a dopamine m'malo mwake omwe amaperekedwa mwachindunji m'mimba mwazing'ono pogwiritsa ntchito chubu. Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda akuluakulu omwe sangathe kulamulira pazizindikiro zawo zamagetsi zomwe zimaletsa matenda ndi mankhwala ena omwe alipo. Pogwiritsira ntchito mapulogalamu ofanana ndi insulini yopopera shuga, Duodopa amatha kupereka mankhwala nthawi zonse tsiku lonse.
Mawu otchuka akuti "akale ndi golidi" ndithudi amatsimikizira pankhani ya levodopa. Mosasamala kanthu za kupita patsogolo mu kufufuza kwa matenda a Parkinson, palibe mankhwala ena atsopano omwe asonyeza kuti ali othandiza ngati levodopa pothandizira kuchepetsa zizindikiro za matendawa.
Komabe, zotsatira zoyipa, makamaka zomwe zimakhalapo nthawi yaitali zokhudzana ndi kusintha kwa magalimoto ndi dyskinesias, zimachepetsanso zowona bwino ngati mankhwala abwino.
Zotsatira:
Chipatala cha Parkinson ndi Research Research Center. Matenda a Parkinson . UCSF, 2014.
"Mankhwala Olemba Mankhwala." - Parkinson's Disease Foundation (PDF) . Parkinson's Disease Foundation, nd