Mitundu yamakono ndi yogwira ntchito ya chifuwa chachikulu (TB) imafuna mankhwala ndi antibiotic, monga isoniazid ndi rifampin. Mlingo ndi nthawi ya mankhwala anu zidzasiyana malinga ndi vuto lanu komanso thanzi lanu lonse, koma muyenera kuyembekezera kumwa mankhwala kapena miyezi ingapo. Nthawi zina chifuwa cha TB chimagonjetsedwa ndi maantibayotiki, kotero nkotheka kuti matenda anu sangathe kuthetsedwa kwathunthu, makamaka ngati malangizo sakutsatiridwa ku kalata.
Mwamwayi, anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka TB samadwala. Amakhala ndi mabakiteriya, koma alibe zizindikiro ndipo sali otheka.
Malemba
Mankhwala a antibiotic ndiwo njira yokhayo yothetsera chifuwa chachikulu, koma njira yofunikira siyiyi yomwe inu mwakhazikitsidwa chifukwa china. Chithandizo cha antibiotic cha chifuwa chachikulu chikugwirizana ndi matenda a munthu komanso thanzi labwino, koma nthawi zonse izikhala miyezi ingapo. Kuphatikiza apo, mungafunikire kutenga mankhwala opha majeremusi angapo panthawi imodzi.
TB Yam'mbuyo
Ngakhale kuti TB yofiira siingathe kufalikira kwa ena, iwo omwe ali nawo ali pachiopsezo chotenga kachilombo koyambitsa matenda omwe ali opatsirana komanso owopsa. Pafupifupi 3 peresenti mpaka 5 peresenti ya anthu omwe ali ndi TB yofiira amakhala ndi TB yogwira mtima m'chaka choyamba pambuyo pa mayeso abwino; pafupifupi 5 peresenti mpaka 15 peresenti amapanga patsogolo pake.
Kulandira chithandizo cha matenda opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito TB kumachepetsa kwambiri mwayi umenewu.
Dokotala wanu angakuike pa maphunziro a miyezi 6 kapena 9 ya mankhwala ovomerezeka ndi isoniazid. Chithandizo china ndi miyezi itatu ya rifampin.
TB yogwira mtima
Matenda opatsirana amayamba kawirikawiri ndi mankhwala osakaniza anayi kwa milungu isanu ndi umodzi kapena isanu ndi itatu, kenako amamwa mankhwala awiri kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kapena isanu ndi umodzi.
Kuwonjezera pa isoniazid ndi rifampin, regimen imaphatikizapo ethambutol ndi pyrazinamide.
Mlingo wa mankhwalawa udzatsimikiziridwa ndi mavuto ena aliwonse omwe mungakhale nawo ndi mankhwala ena omwe mungakhale nawo. Odwala omwe amatenga mankhwala oletsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a HIV, mwachitsanzo, angafunike kusinthanso mankhwala kuti asakhale ndi zotsatira zoopsa. Kuchuluka kwa mankhwala kungasinthidwe malinga ndi izi.
Zotsatira Zotsatira
Mankhwalawa amatha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo, zomwe mungathe kuzipeza malinga ndi mankhwala omwe mukuwatenga ndi omvera anu. Malingana ndi American Lung Association, zotsatira zake zingakhale monga zotsatirazi. Onetsetsani kuuza dokotala wanu ngati mukupeza izi kapena chinthu china chosazolowereka:
- Kupanda njala
- Nausea
- Kuthamanga
- Khungu la khungu kapena maso
- Kutentha kwa masiku atatu kapena kuposa
- Kupweteka m'mimba
- Kusinkha zala kapena zala
- Kuthamanga kwa khungu
- Kutaya magazi mosavuta kapena kuvulaza
- Zogwirizana
- Chizungulire
- Kusinkhasinkha kapena kupweteka pakamwa
- Kusasintha kapena kusintha masomphenya
- Kulira mu makutu
- Kumva kutayika
Mavuto
Mwinanso mumakhala ndi mayesero nthawi ndi nthawi kuti muwone ngati mankhwala akugwira ntchito. Izi zingaphatikizepo magazi, mapulogalamu, kapena kuyesa mkodzo, komanso chifuwa cha X-rays. Kufunika kwa zodabwitsa izi ambiri.
Pamene mankhwala opha tizilombo amalephera kupha mabakiteriya onse omwe akuwongolera, mabakiteriya otsala akhoza kukhala osagwirizana ndi mankhwala omwewo.
Izi zikhoza kuchitika ndi chithandizo cha matenda aliwonse a bakiteriya, koma makamaka vuto ndi chifuwa chachikulu. Ngati, pogwiritsa ntchito mayeserowa, dokotala wanu akudziwa kuti matenda anu sakukula monga momwe mukuyembekezera, mlingo wanu, nthawi ya mankhwala, kapena ngakhale mankhwala omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito akhoza kusintha.
Kukanika kumakhala koopsa makamaka pamene TB sizimvera onsewa ndi isoniazid ndi rifampin, mankhwala awiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuti athetse matendawa. Izi zikachitika, vuto lanu limatchedwa kuti mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo (MDR TB) .
Poonjezeranso mavuto, matenda ena a TB sikuti amangogonjetsedwa ndi mankhwala oyamba a antibiotics, koma njira zotsatila zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zili choncho, monga fluoroquinolones ndi mankhwala omwe amamwa mankhwala amikacin, kanamycin, ndi capreomycin.
Mankhwala ena awiri, bedaquiline ndi linezolid, akuyang'aniranso ngati mankhwala owonjezera pa mankhwala osakaniza mankhwala.
Pamene TB imagonjetsedwa ndi mankhwala onse, imatchedwa TB yosakanizidwa kwambiri (XDR TB) .
TB yolimbana ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo imatha kuchitika pamene wodwala samaliza mankhwala onse (mwina amalephera kuyeza kapena kusiya nthawi yayitali), kapena pamene odwala atulutsa mlingo woyipa kapena nthawi yayitali ya antibiotic. Kukanika kumakhalanso kofala kwa anthu omwe ali ndi HIV. MDR TB ndi XDR TB zimapezeka makamaka m'mayiko kumene mankhwala osokoneza bongo amakhala osauka kapena osapezeka.
Ngati muli ndi vuto kutenga mankhwala anu monga momwe amauzira, uzani wothandizira zaumoyo wanu.
Kuteteza Kutumiza
Ngati muli ndi TB yowopsa, muyenera kusamala pakadwala kuti musatenge matendawa:
- Khalani kunyumba mpaka wothandizira zaumoyo wanu atanena kuti mukhoza kubwerera kusukulu kapena kuntchito.
- PeĊµani kuyanjana ndi anthu ena mwakukhoza kwathunthu mpaka dokotala wanu atanena kuti mukhoza kukhala ndi alendo. Valani maskiki opaleshoni pamene mukuchoka panyumba kapena muli ndi alendo.
- Ikani makoswe onse ogwiritsidwa ntchito mu thumba lachitsulo chotsekedwa musanawatenge.
- Musagawane mbale kapena botolo la dzino ndi wina aliyense; Sambani manja anu nthawi zambiri.
- Nthawi zonse muzitsatira malangizo a dokotala wanu pankhani ya momwe mungatengere mankhwala anu ku kalata.
Mudzafunsidwa kuti muteteze njirazi mpaka mutatsimikiziranso kuti mukumvera mankhwala ndikusakaniza. Pakapita sabata kapena awiri mankhwala ndi mankhwala oyenera, anthu ambiri safalitsa matendawa. Ngati mumakhala kapena mukugwira ntchito ndi anthu omwe ali pachiopsezo chachikulu (monga ana aang'ono kapena anthu omwe ali ndi Edzi), mungafunikire kuti mfuti yanu ifufuzidwe kuti mudziwe ngati chiopsezo chotenga kachilomboka chadutsa.
Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi kachilombo safunikira kupita kuchipatala kuchipatala masiku ano. Kupititsa kuchipatala nthawi zambiri kumalimbikitsidwa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ena akuluakulu, amakhala m'mayendedwe apamtima, kapena alibe malo abwino oti apite (opanda pokhala, mwachitsanzo).
Wodwala wodwala matenda opatsirana kuchipatala angatengeke kunyumba kwawo akadali opatsirana, sapereka munthu m'nyumba mwake ali pangozi yaikulu ya TB yogwira ntchito (odwala, okalamba, kapena ana).
Anthu omwe amavutika kukumbukira kutenga mapiritsi awo nthawi zambiri amafunikila kuti adziwone bwino (DOT), kumene wogwira ntchito zachipatala amapereka mankhwala tsiku ndi tsiku ndikuyang'anira wodwalayo atenga.
Ngati mumakhala kapena mumagwira ntchito ndi munthu yemwe ali ndi matenda oopsa kapena amene ali ndi chitetezo cha m'thupi, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za kuyesa khungu la TB.
Pomalizira, pamene pali katemera woteteza TB, wotchedwa bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG), sagwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza ku United States. Nthawi zina amalimbikitsa anthu amene amagwira ntchito kuchipatala kapena ana omwe nthawi zonse amawonekera kwa anthu akuluakulu omwe ali ndi chifuwa chachikulu cha TB kapena mankhwala osokoneza bongo ambiri, koma sizolowezi.
> Zotsatira:
> Zolinga za Kuletsa ndi Kuteteza Matenda. Kusiyana kwa Kuchepetsa Chifuwa cha TB. Chifuwa chachikulu (TB).
> Zolinga za Kuletsa ndi Kuteteza Matenda. TB Yotsutsa Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo. https://www.cdc.gov/tb/topic/drtb/default.htm
> Zolinga za Kuletsa ndi Kuteteza Matenda. Kupitiriza Kutsata ndi Chifuwa cha TB . https://www.cdc.gov/tb/publications/pamphlets/tb_trtmnt.pdf
> Zolinga za Kuletsa ndi Kuteteza Matenda. Kuchiza kwa Matenda a TB. https://www.cdc.gov/tb/topic/treatment/tbdisease.htm
> Johns Hopkins Health Library. https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/healthlibrary/conditions/adult/infectious_diseases/tuberculosis_tb_85,P00654
> Merck Manual, Ogulitsa Mabaibulo. Chilumbachi
> Bungwe la Padziko Lonse la Umoyo. Chifuwa chachikulu. http://www.who.int/tb/en/