Mbalame Flu. Sizimangokhala mbalame zokha.
Nthawi zambiri zimakhudza mbalame ndi minda, koma nthawi zina zimakhudza zambiri.
Mbalame yamkuntho imapezekaponso kuzungulira dziko, kuyambira ku China kupita ku Egypt kupita ku Burkina Faso ku Iowa. Mitundu ina ndi yowopsya kwambiri. Mitundu iyi, tikudandaula, ingasakanizane ndikuyenderana kapena kusintha ndikukhala vuto lalikulu - osati mbalame, koma kwa ife anthu.
Mitundu Yamtundu Wambiri
Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Flu . Ena amapezeka pafupifupi nthawi zonse mwa anthu. Ena makamaka mu mbalame kapena agalu kapena nkhumba. Ena akhoza kuwoloka pakati pa mitundu - ndipo nthawi zina izi zingachititse kusanganikirana ndi kufanana, kupanga kupweteka kwamtundu. Nthawi zina chimfine chikhoza kukhalabe pakati pa mitundu yambiri ya zamoyo.
Pakhala pali mitundu yowopsya ya Mbalame Flu. Mitundu iyi ikupezeka m'madera omwe mbalame zikuchoka komanso ku minda padziko lonse lapansi kuchokera ku China kupita ku Egypt kupita ku Burkina Faso. The Canadian Geese ndipo mazira a nkhuku m'mapulasi ku US anali ndi mtundu wina.
Mitundu iyi ya chimfine chimene chimatidetsa nkhawa kwambiri ndi mayina monga H5N1, H5N2, H7N9, H5N6. Amaika chiopsezo choyambitsa matenda a anthu.
Chifukwa chiyani nkhaniyi?
Iyi si funso chabe la mitengo ya dzira. Kusakanikirana ndi kofananitsa zofooka za Mbalame za Mbalame, kugulitsa kuzungulira H ndi N, kungayambitse vuto latsopano, loopsya.
Fuluwenza ina imayambitsa matenda ambiri (H1N1) ndipo ena amapha ambiri imayambitsa (H5N1). Timadandaula kuti tsiku lina vuto limodzi lingathe kuchita zonsezi.
Mitundu yambiri ya mbalame ya chimfine imakhalabe pakati pa mbalame. Pakhala pali mitundu yochepa, makamaka ku China, yomwe yadumphika kuchokera ku mbalame kupita kwa munthu ndikuyamba kufalitsa kwa anthu. Mwamwayi, sizinthu zambiri zomwe zafalikira monga izi - ndipo zovuta zimenezi sizikuwonekera mofulumira kwambiri.
Mantha ndikuti nthawi imodzi, patapita nthawi yokwanira, kupatsirana kwa chimfine cha mbalame kuchokera kwa anthu-kumatha kukhala bwino kwambiri ndi kumayambitsa kuphulika kwakukulu. Palinso zovuta zina - H5N1 ndi H7N9 - zomwe ziri pafupi kutikhudza - ndipo zingakhale zakupha.
Pogwiritsa ntchito Fluu ya Mbalame yomwe ikufalikira panopa, nthawi zonse muyenera kutsatira ndondomeko zotetezera chakudya zomwe mumachita nthawi zonse - pogwiritsa ntchito salmonella ndi mabakiteriya ena. Sizinanso zokhudzana ndi izo pakali pano.
Chimene muyenera kudziwa za Bird Flu
Pakhala pali ma H5N1 ndi H7N9 kufalikira pakati pa anthu. Mu January 2015, amodzi omwe amapezeka ku North America, omwe amapezeka ku China, ku British Columbia, Canada, amayamba kudwala mliri wamkuntho (H7N9). Awa ndi anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka mtundu wa mbalame yomwe imafalikira pakati pa anthu.
Nchiyani chodetsa nkhaŵa kwambiri za chimfine?
Zingayambitse matenda aakulu a chimfine kusiyana ndi matenda ena a chimfine. Zitha kuchititsa kuti anthu ena azivutika ndi kupuma, ngakhale kuti ambiri amachita bwino ndi matendawa. Kufa kuli
anali pafupi 1 mwa 3. Mwachigawo, izi ndi chifukwa chakuti ndiwopseza kwambiri kusiyana ndi ena.
Mbalame yamkuntho imakhalanso ndi mavuto. Pamene nkhuku ya chimfine imagunda nkhuku minda, Mafuta a mazira akuphulika. Mbalame za mbalame zitha kukhalapo, monga momwe zinaliri ku Midwest of the US.
Nkhuku zazikulu zogulitsa nkhuku zitseka.
Kodi unafalikira?
Ayi. Sizowopsa kwambiri pakati pa anthu. Iwo sanafalikire pamene iwo ankapita ku zipatala kapena pamene ankawuluka mu ndege. Ndipotu, iwo ankawuluka asanayambe kukhala ndi zizindikiro kotero kuti panalibe chidwi ndi zomwe zimafalikira pa ndege ku Canada.
Kodi zingatheke kachiwiri?
Inde. Pakhala pali ma H7N9 padziko lonse lapansi - makamaka kuchokera ku China kuyambira March 2013, komanso ku Malaysia komanso Hong Kong ndi Taiwan.
Kodi zingatheke kufalikira kuchokera kwa munthu ndi munthu?
N'zotheka, koma sizinali zachilendo. Zingatheke kufalikira kuchokera kwa munthu-kwa-munthu, koma kawirikawiri zimachokera ku nkhuku kupita kwa anthu.
Nchiyani chimapangitsa izi kusiyana ndi chimfine chaka chilichonse?
Pali mitundu yambiri ya fuluwenza. Ena samakhala oopsa ngati ena.
Kwa anthu, pali mitundu itatu ya fuluwenza. Chiwindi cha mtundu wa C chimayambitsa matenda ochepa opumira. Sichiphatikizidwa mu katemera. Chiwindi cha mtundu wa B chingayambitse matenda, koma palibe mliri waukulu. Amaphatikizapo katemera.
Mitundu yonse ya C ndi B imakhudza anthu, koma si nyama zambiri. Alibe zida zazikulu zinyama.
Fluenza A ndi yowopsya kwambiri. Matendawa amalembedwa ndi ma H ndi N - monga H5N1, H7N9. Ma H ndi N amalemba mapuloteni osiyana (otchedwa H a hemagglutinin ndi N a neuraminidase) pamwamba pa fuluwenza. Fluenza A ikhoza kusakaniza ndikugwirizana ndi H ndi N pakati pa mitundu yosiyana.
Mitundu yonse ya avian influenzas ndi mtundu wa Influenza A. Chifuwa cha galu ndi mtundu wa A. Influenza A amapezeka mwa anthu, nkhumba, ndi mbalame makamaka mbalame, monga abakha, nkhumba, nkhuku, ndi atsekwe komanso nkhuku ngati nkhuku. Amapezanso mu nkhumba.
Kodi Mbalame Yophatikiza Mbalame Imakhala Bwanji?
Matendawa amasakaniza ndikufanana ndi mapuloteni ofunika kwambiri pamtunda wa tizilombo. Makamaka, awa ndi mapuloteni awiri: hemagglutinin (H) ndi neuraminidase (N). Pali 18 hemagglutinin subtypes (monga H1-18) ndi 11 neuraminidase subtypes (N1-N11). Fluenza A mavairasi amatchulidwa ndi makalata ndi manambala, monga H7N9 ndi H1N1. Chodetsa nkhaŵa ndi chakuti mapuloteni osadziwika kwambiri a tizilombo ta ntchentche amatha kusakaniza ndikufanana ndi zovuta mwa anthu, kuwonjezera kusintha kwa ma chitetezo cha mthupi lathu sichikhoza kuzindikira ndi kutiteteza.
Fluenza A ikhoza kutchulidwa ngati vuto laumunthu, koma imatha kutchulidwa ngati mavuto ochokera ku mbalame (kapena nkhumba). Nyama yoyambirira - bakha, nkhuku, anthu, nkhumba - amalembedwa kuti adziwe mavuto.
Kodi pali mitundu ina ya Avian Flu?
Inde, makamaka, pali vuto H5N1. Pakhala anthu oposa 700 m'mayiko 15 kuyambira 2003. Kufa kwakhala 60%. Vutoli silinali kufalikira pakati pa anthu. Milandu yabwera kuchokera ku kukhudzana ndi mbalame. Nthawi zambiri zakhala zikuchitika zaka khumi zapitazo ku Indonesia, Vietnam, Cambodia, ndi Egypt. Vutoli linayamba kuwonetsedwa kwa anthu ku Hong Kong mu 1997 pambuyo poti anthu ambiri anafa ku mbalame mu 1996 kum'mwera kwa China. Kenaka kachilombo kamene kanabweranso kachiwiri mu 2003.
Mayiko ena akhala akufalitsidwa kwambiri ndi H5N1 mu nkhuku zawo kuphatikizapo Bangladesh, China, Egypt, India, Indonesia, ndi Vietnam. Mbalame zapezeka ndi H5N1 m'madera ambiri a ku Ulaya komanso
Africa.
Fomu imodzi ya H5N1 inapezeka mu bulu wam'tchire amene anawombera mu January 2015 kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa US, ku Washington. Sizinali zofanana ndi H5N1 zomwe zakhala zoopsa kwambiri kwa anthu ndipo ndizo
sakudziwa bwinobwino matenda omwe angabweretse anthu. Momwemonso pakhala kuphulika kwa H5N1 ku British Columbia, Canada ku nkhuku za kumbuyo kwa nyumba koma sizikudziwika ngati mtundu wa H5N1 ungakhale ngati
zoopsa mwa anthu.
Panalibe matenda opatsirana ndi anthu omwe amapezeka ku North America. Komabe, matenda amodzi adapezeka ku Canada kwa munthu wobwerera kuchokera ku Beijing, ku China yemwe adafa mu January 2015. Ichi ndi choyamba komanso chokhacho cha H5N1 ku North America.
Palinso matenda ena a avian omwe amachititsa anthu kuphatikizapo H7N3, H7N7, H9N2, ndi H10N8, ngakhale mavuto otsirizawa amatha kutenga munthu mmodzi yekha. Ku China kunafa mzimayi wazaka za m'ma 30 kuchokera ku H5N6, ku China komwe kunamwalira mu 1994, koma kupatulapo vuto lina linangokhalapo ndi mbalame.
Mitundu yambiri ya Mbalame ya Mbalame, kaya mwa anthu kapena mbalame, inayamba kudziwika ku Asia, koma tsopano
zapezeka padziko lonse, makamaka mbalame zosamuka kapena nkhuku.