Ngati muli ndi TB yofiira, simudzakhalanso ndi zizindikiro chifukwa thupi lanu limagwira bwino ntchito kuti mabakiteriya asatengeke. Pamene chitetezo chanu cha mthupi sichikwanira kuchita, TB yothamanga imakhala yogwira TB, chizindikiro chofala kwambiri chomwe chimakhala chifuwa chokhazikika chomwe chingabweretse mitsempha ya magazi. TB yomwe ikufalikira kupyola mapapo ingaphatikizepo zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi impso, mafupa, ubongo, ndi mbali zina za thupi.
Zizindikiro Zowonjezereka
Matenda ambiri a TB amachitika ndikukhala m'mapapu. Izi zimatchedwa pulmonary TB. Zizindikiro za yogwira, pulmonary TB zikuphatikizapo:
- Chifuwa chimene chimatenga milungu yoposa itatu
- Chifuwa chimene chimapanga mabala obiriwira kapena achikasu (phlegm) omwe angakhalenso ovunditsidwa ndi magazi
- Kupuma pang'ono kapena kupweteka pamtima
- Kutopa
- Kutaya njala ndi kuchepa kwa thupi
- Kutuluka kwa usiku
- Fever
Zizindikiro Zambiri
Nthaŵi zina, TB yogwira mtima idzafalikira kupyola m'mapapu ku maselo a mphuno, impso, mafupa, ubongo, mimba, ziwalo zapakati pamtima, ziwalo (makamaka ziwalo zolemetsa, monga m'chiuno ndi mawondo), ndi ziwalo zoberekera . Izi zikachitika, amadziwika kuti chifuwa chachikulu cha TB.
Zizindikiro za chifuwa chachikulu cha TB chimadalira dera lomwe likukhudzidwa ndipo zingaphatikizepo izi:
Zilonda zam'mimba: Mitsempha yomwe imachotsa mapapu ikhoza kukhala yaikulu mokwanira kuti ikhale yopopera mitsempha yotupa, yomwe imayambitsa chifuwa komanso mwina mapapu akugwa.
Ngati mabakiteriya amafalikira ku mitsempha m'khosi, n'zotheka kuti nthitizi zizitha kupyola pakhungu ndi kutulutsa pus.
Impso: Matenda a TB a impso angayambitse malungo, kupweteka kumbuyo, ndipo nthawi zina magazi mumtsinje. Matendawa amatha kufalikira kwa chikhodzodzo, kumayambitsa kupweteka komanso kumangokhalira kukodza.
Ubongo: Chifuwa chachikulu chimene chimapangitsa ubongo, wotchedwa meningitis, chimakhala choopsa. Ku United States ndi m'mayiko ena otukuka, mimba yamatenda yambiri imapezeka makamaka pakati pa anthu achikulire kapena anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo cha m'thupi. Zizindikiro zimaphatikizapo malungo, kupweteka mutu nthawi zonse, kupsinjika kwa khosi, kusowa nseru, ndi kugona komwe kungayambitse chiwombankhanga.
Pericardium: M'magazi ovuta kwambiri, pericardium imakhala yowonjezereka ndipo nthawi zina imathamanga madzi m'kati pakati pa zowonongeka ndi mtima. Izi zikhoza kufooketsa mtima, kuchititsa mitsempha ya mitsempha yotupa komanso kuvutika kupuma.
Zachibadwa: Chifuwa chachikulu cha TB chikhoza kufalikira ku ziwalo zoberekera. Amuna, chifuwa chachikulu cha chiberekero chimayambitsa khungu. Kwa amayi, zimayambitsa ululu wa mimba ndi kusamba kwa msambo ndipo zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha ectopic mimba (yomwe dzira imadzipangitsa kunja kwa chiberekero).
Zisonyezo Zogonjera
Anthu ena amafunika kudziwa makamaka zizindikiro zomwe zingasonyeze TB, chifukwa ali pangozi yaikulu ya matendawa. Izi zikuphatikizapo:
- Anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV: Kuyambira pamene AIDS ikufalikira m'zaka za m'ma 1980, chiwerengero cha matenda a chifuwa chachikulu cha TB chikuwonjezeka kwambiri. Matenda opatsirana pogonana amachititsa kuti chitetezo cha mthupi chitetezeke, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti thupi likhale lovuta kuteteza mabakiteriya a TB. Padziko lonse, TB ndi imodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe zimayambitsa imfa pakati pa omwe ali ndi HIV.
- Azimayi: Ana omwe amavutitsidwa ndi amayi omwe ali ndi TB osatetezedwa akhoza kukhala ndi kulemera kwake kochepa kuposa momwe angakhalire, ndipo akhoza kubadwa ndi TB okha. Azimayi ayenera kulandira chithandizo ngati chithandizo chawo cha TB chikhoza kukhala chapamwamba.
Kuwonjezera apo, aliyense amene ali ndi chitetezo cha chitetezo cha mthupi ali pachiopsezo chachikulu cha matenda opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito TB komanso mavuto okhudzana ndi matendawa.
Nthawi Yomwe Muwone Dokotala
Ngati mwapezeka ndi munthu amene ali ndi TB, muzimva kupweteka pachifuwa kapena chifuwa chopitirirabe kapena wopanda phlegm, itanani dokotala, yemwe adzakupatsani mayeso a khungu. TB ndi matenda aakulu ndipo ikhoza kupha ngati sichikuchiritsidwa.
> Zotsatira:
> Chipatala cha Mayo. Chifuwa chachikulu. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tuberculosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20351250
> Merck Manual. Vuto la ogulitsa. Chifuwa chachikulu (TB). Chilumba
> US Dept. ya Health and Human Services. HIV ndi Matenda Opondereza, Coinfections, ndi Malamulo. https://aidsinfo.nih.gov/kumvetsa-hiv-aids/fact-sheets/26/90/hiv-and-tuberculosis--tb-