Mitundu Yoyesera Zofufuza ndi Zimene Angakuuzeni
Pali mitundu iwiri ya mayesero omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti azindikire kupezeka kwa mabakiteriya a TB (TB). Ngati khungu lanu liri ndi vuto, limatanthawuza kuti muli ndi kachilombo ka TB koma mulibe mawonekedwe ogwira ntchito komanso opatsirana. izi zimatchedwa TB yamtunduwu.
Dokotala wanu ayesetsanso kuyesedwa kwina, kuphatikizapo chifuwa cha X-ray ndi chikhalidwe cha chiphuphu kuti apeze ngati muli ndi TB.
Wopereka chithandizo chaumoyo wanu adzalimbikitsa kuyesedwa kwa TB komwe kuli koyenera kwa inu chifukwa cha kuyesa, kupezeka kwa mayeso, ndi mtengo. Kawirikawiri, sikuvomerezedwa kuti mutenge kaye khungu komanso kuyesa magazi.
Kuwonjezera apo, dokotala wanu adzachita zochitika zathupi ndikupita ku mbiri yanu yachipatala. Matenda ena, monga HIV ndi shuga, angakuike pa chiopsezo chachikulu cha TB.
Kuyesa Khungu
Mayeso a khungu la Mantoux amagwiritsira ntchito tuberculin yoyera mapuloteni ochotsera mapuloteni (PPD), njira yothetsera yomwe ili ndi zigawo zina za mabakiteriya a TB. Sirinji yomwe ili ndi singano yaing'ono yodzaza ndi yodzaza ndi mankhwala a PPD, yomwe imayikidwa mkati mwa khungu pamphuno.
PPD imayambitsa maselo apadera a immune , omwe amadziwika kuti T-maselo, kuti adziwe kuti mankhwalawa amachotsedwa monga chowopsya, zomwe zimayambitsa khungu.
Mpata wa kuyankha ukutanthauziridwa kuti awone ngati wina ali ndi vuto kapena labwino kwa TB.
Mosiyana ndi katemera omwe amaperekedwa mwakachetechete, jekeseni la PPD ndi lopanda kanthu kuti limachoka pamalo ocheperako, omwe amatchedwa "wheal" pa malo opangira jekeseni. Magudumu amatha kumwalira kwa maola ochuluka, koma ngati sichikuwoneka, yesero liyenera kubwerezedwa.
Zotsatira
Khungu limayambira pamwamba pa maola 48 mpaka 72 Pambuyo pa PPD. Muyenera kubwereranso kwa wothandizira zaumoyo wanu nthawi imeneyo kuti mutanthauzidwe bwino. Kudikira motalika kapena osati nthawi yaitali kungapangitse zotsatira zolakwika.
Dokotala wanu adzayang'ana malo otukuka, oumitsidwa a khungu otchedwa induration. Kukula kwake kudzatsimikizira ngati muli ndi vuto kapena lachilombo la TB, ndipo kukula kwake kumasonyeza TB chifukwa chiyani kumadalira zifukwa zina zomwe mungakhale nazo.
Mwachitsanzo, anthu omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino ayenera kukhala ndi mavitamini akuluakulu (15 mm) kuti ayambe kusokonezeka, atero chifukwa cha kachilombo ka HIV, kapena amene akhala akucheza ndi munthu yemwe ali ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana (5 mm). Kuchulukitsako pang'ono kuposa komwe sikukuwonetsa matenda a TB.
Chiyeso chabwino chidzakhalanso wofiira ndi kuyabwa.
Ziphuphu zonyenga ndi zowonongeka zimakhala zowonjezereka ndi kuyezetsa khungu kusiyana ndi kuyesa magazi. Zotsatirazi kawirikawiri zimachokera ku kuyendetsa bwino kwa khungu kapena kutanthauzira molakwika zotsatira zake. Zotsatira zabodza zingachitenso ngati mutangoyamba kumene ku TB; chitetezo cha chitetezo cha mthupi sichikhoza kukhala masabata asanu ndi atatu kapena khumi mutatha kuyanjana ndi mabakiteriya.
Ma Laboni ndi Mayesero A Magazi
Kuyezetsa magazi komwe kumakhoza kudziwa mabakiteriya a TB ndi njira ina yowonetsera khungu-yomwe nthawi zambiri imakonda chifukwa. Ngati mayeso anu a magazi ali othandiza, dokotala wanu angathenso kusonkhanitsa zitsanzo zamatenda ndikuzikulitsa kuti adziwe ngati muli ndi matenda a TB.
Interferon Gamma Release Assays (IGRAs)
Mayeso a magazi omwe amadziwika kuti alipo mabakiteriya a TB amatchedwa interferon gamma release assays (IGRAs). Ndi izi, magazi amasonkhanitsidwa mumachubu yapadera pogwiritsa ntchito singano, kenaka amatumizidwa ku labotale kuti ayesedwe. Palibe chifukwa chotsata modzichepetsa ndipo zotsatira zimapezeka maola 24 ozungulira.
Pali mayankho awiri a IGRA omwe akuvomerezedwa ndi Food and Drug Administration (FDA):
- QuantiFERON-TB Test In-Tube test (QFT-GIT)
- Mayeso a T-SPOT.TB (T-Spot)
Kawirikawiri mayesero amagazi amakonda chifukwa amayamba kukhala olondola kwambiri kusiyana ndi kuyesera khungu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ndizofala kuti anthu asaphonye nthawi yowunikira maola 48 mpaka 72 kuti ayese bwino zotsatira za mayeso awo.
Kuyezetsa magazi ndikulondola kwambiri kuposa khungu la anthu omwe alandira bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG), katemera wa matenda a TB omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mayiko ambiri omwe ali ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha TB.
Kuyezetsa TB koyenera kumatanthauza kuti, panthawi inayake pamoyo wanu, mumapezeka ndi kudwala TB. Pankhaniyi, mayesero ena ndi ofunikira kuti muwone ngati muli ndi TB yochepa, yomwe siimayambitsa matenda komanso sichikufalitsa, kapena TB yogwira ntchito.
Chikhalidwe cha Nkhanza
Ngati khungu lanu kapena mayeso a magazi ali othandizira mabakiteriya a TB, dokotala wanu adzachita mayesero atsopano, kuphatikizapo chikhalidwe cha sampuli (phlegm). Mphungu ndi nthendayi yakuda yomwe imapangidwa m'mapapo chifukwa cha matenda. Chitsanzocho chidzaikidwa mu tiyeso toyesera kapena petri mbale kuti tiwone ngati mabakiteriya akukula. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a Mycobacterium amayamba kukula pang'onopang'ono, choncho zimatenga masiku 21 kuti zitheke.
Kujambula
Kuyesera zabwino kwa mabakiteriya a chifuwa chachikulu kumayambitsanso kulamulira X-ray pachifuwa. Ngati muli ndi TB yogwira ntchito, zotsatira za mayesowa nthawi zambiri sizikhala zachilendo, mwinamwake kusonyeza mdima.
Nthaŵi zina, TB imapezeka m'ziwalo kunja kwa mapapo; Pazochitikazi, CT scans, ndi MRIs zingagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Kusanthula Kusiyanasiyana
Zina mwa zizindikiro za (TB) -kukuta, malungo, kusowa kwa kudya, kutaya thupi, ndi kutuluka kwa usiku-ndizo zizindikiro za matenda ena ambiri, kuphatikizapo omwe amakhudza mapapo. Izi zikuphatikizapo:
- Bacterial lung abscess (mpyema)
- Matenda osokoneza bongo (COPD)
- Chibayo
- Matenda a munthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV
- Kutenga ndi bowa, monga mu histoplasmosis
- Kutenga ndi mycobacterium ina
- Matenda a khansa
Batire yonse ya matenda a TB, pamodzi ndi mayesero enieni a matenda omwe ali pamwambapa, adzatsogolera kulondola.
> Zotsatira:
> Merck Manual, Ogulitsa Mabaibulo. Chifuwa chachikulu (TB). Chilumbachi
> University of Michigan. Mayibulale Achimake Achimuna a Michigan. Zinthu Zina ndi Zizindikiro Zina za Chifuwa chachikulu (TB).
> Zomwe Zilikulu za US Zokhudza Kuletsa ndi Kupewa Matenda (CDC). Tsamba loona: BCG Vaccine. Idasinthidwa pa September 12, 2016
> Zomwe Zilikulu za US Zokhudza Kuletsa ndi Kupewa Matenda (CDC). Zowonjezera: Tuberculin Skin Test. Idasinthidwa pa September 8, 2016.