MERS kachilombo ikufalikira koma kodi idzafika ku United States?
Pofika kumayambiriro kwa June 2015, akuluakulu a ku South Korea adasokoneza zikwi zambiri chifukwa choopa MERS matenda. Poyamba, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda nthawi zambiri tinkakhala ku Arabia Peninsula. Komabe, kumapeto kwa mwezi wa May 2015, mwamuna wina wazaka 68 wa ku Korea wochokera ku Saudi Arabia anatha kufotokozera antchito ogwira ntchito zachipatala kuzipatala zitatu kuti adziwe kuti ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa.
Tsopano, anthu ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi amawopa kuthekera kwa mtundu wina wa SARS kuphulika chaka cha 2003.
Kodi MERS ndi chiyani?
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, kapena MERS mwachidule, ndi coronavirus yomwe imafalikira kupyolera mumlengalenga. Anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo amawatulutsa, Mwachidule, anthu omwe ali ndi MERS amamasula madontho opuma omwe ali ndi kachilomboka. Mavitaminiwa amawathira mwachindunji anthu omwe ali pafupi kwambiri kapena amagwirizanitsa mafomu kapena zinthu monga mafoni ndi mbale ndi kupha ena mwa njira imeneyi. Zodabwitsa kuti ngamila zaphatikizidwa ndi kufalitsa kwa MERS, ndipo anthu omwe akuyendera ku Middle East akuchenjezedwa kuti apewe kuyanjana ndi nyama izi, kumwa mkaka wawo ndi kudya nyama yosakaniza ngamila. (Inde, anthu amadya nyama yamakamera.)
MERS inayamba kudziwika bwinobwino ku Saudi Arabia m'mwezi wa September 2012. (Ngakhale kuti sanazindikirepo bwinobwino, MERS akuganiza kuti anaonekera koyamba ku Jordan mu April 2012.) MERS imasokoneza mosasamala, ndipo anthu omwe agwidwa ndi matendawa amatha msinkhu kuyambira obadwa kumene kwa okalamba.
Kuyambira mu 2012, MERS yapha anthu pafupifupi 400 ku Saudi Arabia.
Kwa anthu ena, MERS amachititsa matenda kapena ayi. Kwa ena, komabe kachilombo ka HIV kamayambitsa matenda, kutentha komanso kupuma. Zizindikiro zina zotheka ndizozembera, kusanza, chibayo komanso impso. Pafupifupi 30 mpaka 40 peresenti ya anthu omwe ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV, MERS amachititsa imfa.
MERS ndi owopsa kwambiri kwa iwo omwe ali ndi mphamvu zowonongeka za chitetezo cha mthupi, kapena anthu omwe amadwala (matenda achipatala omwe alipo kale) monga matenda a shuga, kansa ya m'mapapo kapena kufooka kwa impso.
Kodi MERS Amadziwika Bwanji?
MERS amapezedwa pogwiritsa ntchito mbiri, kuyesa thupi ndi kuyesa ma laboratory. Makamaka, ngati mwangopita kumene ku Middle East ndipo muli ndi zizindikiro za kupuma, ndiye dokotala wanu ayenera kuganizira izi ndikudziwitsanso kuti pulogalamu ya PCR imayesedwa. (Mu 2013, pambuyo pa chipani cha FDA chikutulutsa ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu Zozizwitsa, CDC inapereka zipangizo zamakono kwa kuyesa kwa MERS ku malo akuluakulu ochipatala padziko lonse lapansi.)
Kwa omwe ali ndi kachilomboka, MERS kawirikawiri amatenga masiku asanu kapena asanu ndi limodzi kuti ayambe kubwezeretsa. Komabe, mwa zina, matendawa asonyeza masiku awiri kapena kuchepa kwa masiku 14.
Kodi MERS Amatengedwa Bwanji?
Ngakhale CDC ikulingalira za chitukuko cha katemera wa MERS, palibe mankhwala enieni a MERS omwe alipo tsopano. M'malo mwake, anthu omwe ali ndi matendawa amapatsidwa chisamaliro chothandizira chomwe chimaphatikizapo madzi, mpweya wabwino ndi zina zotero. Kuwonjezera apo, anthu m'madera omwe MERS akufala amalimbikitsidwa kuvala nkhope ya mask pafupi ndi omwe ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV.
Anthu omwe ali pangozi ayenera kuwononga mankhwala, kusunga manja awo ndi kupewa kuyanjana kwachinsinsi monga kumpsompsona ndi kugawana zida ndi anthu omwe angakhale ndi MERS.
Ngakhale kuti anthu omwe ali ndi MERS nave mwachiwonekere akhala akusungidwa ndi kusamalidwa pakhomo, ngati matendawa amakhala vuto lalikulu ku United States ndi mayiko ena otukuka, mwina tikuyang'ana pa SARSesque.
Mwachindunji, anthu omwe ali ndi MERS adzafunika kukhala pawokha m'chipinda cha chipatala chokhala ndi maulendo odziimira okhaokha. Komanso, ogwira ntchito zachipatala kusamalira odwala omwe ali ndi MERS adzafunika kuvala masks ndi kutenga zowonjezera zina.
Potsirizira pake, zida zowonongeka zowonongeka zidzafunikanso kuti asunge mpweya, nebulizers ndi zina zotero.
Kodi Mukuopsezedwa MERS?
Asanayambe ku South Korea, anthu omwe sanali kunja kwa Middle East ankaonedwa kuti ali pangozi yaikulu kuti apeze MERS. Mwachitsanzo, pakati pa chaka cha 2015, pakhala milandu iwiri yokha ya MERS ku United States, onse omwe akugwira ntchito zachipatala akuchokera ku Middle East. Kawirikawiri, anthu omwe ali ndi MERS anali atangopatsira munthu wina. Komabe, kufalikira mofulumira kwa MERS ku South Korea kuli ndi akuluakulu a zaumoyo komanso anthu odwala matenda opatsirana pogonana padziko lonse lapansi omwe akuyang'aniranso za chiopsezo cha HIV.
Akatswiri akudzifunsa ngati milandu ku South Korea inayambitsidwa ndi matenda osokoneza maganizo komanso oopsa kwambiri. Akatswiri amadzifunsanso ngati zero odwala ku South Korea akuphulika, munthu wamalonda wazaka 68, ndi "wodula" chifukwa wapita kukapha anthu angapo (kuphatikizapo mwana wake). Mwa kuyankhula kwina, munthu uyu akhoza kunyamula mavitamini apamwamba kwambiri m'malo opuma omwe amapuma. Komanso, bamboyu adapatsira munthu wina wazaka 35 yemwe kenako anapha anthu 82! Pomalizira pake, akatswiri ena amanena kuti anthu a ku Koreya okha adachulukitsidwa ndi matendawa.
Ngakhale kuti Ambiri ndi Azungu ambiri alibe pangozi yaikulu kwa MERS, CDC ndi mabungwe ena a zaumoyo ndi mabungwe a boma ali maso kuti athe kufalikira pakati pa anthu oyenda kumayiko akumadzulo kuchokera ku Middle East ndipo tsopano South Korea. Chofunika koposa, komabe CDC sikuti akulimbikitsa kuti aliyense asinthe maulendo awo oyendayenda. Zindikirani, oyendayenda omwe akukhala ndi zizindikiro za kupuma angathe kupatulidwa kwa milungu iwiri.
Zinthu zonse zikuganiziridwa, mwinamwake mulibe chiopsezo chachikulu chotenga kachilombo ka MERS makamaka ngati simunapite kunja.
Ngati inu kapena munthu amene mumamukonda ali ndi zizindikiro za kupuma ndipo atangobwera kuchokera ku Middle East, South Korea kapena dziko lililonse limene ladzidzidzidwa posachedwa MERS, ndikofunikira kudziwitsa dokotala mwamsanga. Kuwonjezera apo, nkofunikira kuti mudziwe zachipatala kapena ogwira ntchito kuchipatala kuti mukuganiza kuti matendawa ndi othandiza kuti ogwira ntchito zachipatala athe kuchitapo kanthu koyenera, ndipo odwala ena akhoza kuchotsedwa kumalo musanalowemo.
Chonde dziwani kuti mukangoganiza kuti MERS, muyenera kupita kuchipatala ndikusiya malo ena onse. Kuwonetsedwa kwa anthu kungabweretse mavuto okhudza thanzi. Mwachitsanzo, South Korea inayenera kutseka masukulu ndi zipatala zikwi chifukwa choopa kufalikira kwa MERS.
Zotsatira
Durrani TS, Harrison RJ. Matenda Ogwira Ntchito. Mu: LaDou J, Harrison RJ. eds. Kufufuza Koyamba ndi Kuchiza: Ntchito Yopangira Ntchito & Mazingira, 5e . New York, NY: Hill ya McGraw; 2013. Idapezeka pa June 07, 2015.
Nkhani yotchedwa "South Korea Scrambles kukhala ndi MERS Virus" ya Owen Dyer yofalitsidwa ku BMJ mu 2015. Inapezeka pa 6/7/2015.