Zifukwa ndi Zoopsa za Chifuwa cha TB

Anthu opitirira mabiliyoni awiri, gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a anthu padziko lapansi , ali ndi kachilombo ka TB (TB). Malinga ndi bungwe la World Health Organization, panali anthu 10,4 miliyoni atsopano ndipo anthu 1,7 miliyoni anafa chifukwa cha matendawa mu 2016 okha. United States inali ndi 9,272 ya ma diagnosti atsopano.

Ngakhale matendawa ndi mabakiteriya ndi chifukwa chowopsa cha TB, pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zingakuchititseni kuti mukhale ndi matendawa.

Kudziwa zomwe zifukwazi zingakuthandizeni kuchita ndi kuchepetsa chiopsezo chanu cha matenda.

Mabakiteriya

Chifuwa cha TB chimayambitsidwa ndi mabakiteriya mu banja lovuta la Mycobacterium.

• Mycobacterium africanum
• Mycobacteria bovis
• Mycobacterium chifuwa chachikulu

M. africanum , monga dzina limatanthawuzira, ndilofala kwambiri ku Africa, pamene M. TB imayambitsa chifuwa chachikulu m'mayiko ena ambiri. Mabakiteriya awiriwa amachititsa kuchuluka kwa matenda a TB mwa anthu. M. bovis ndi wapadera chifukwa amathandiza kwambiri ng'ombe. Kumwa mkaka wosagwiritsidwa ntchito kapena zozizwitsa zina kwa nyama zokhudzana ndi kachirombo ka HIV zimakhala zochepa pazochitika za chifuwa cha TB.

Mycobacteria amachiza ndikukhala mkati mwa maselo m'thupi lathu lotchedwa macrophages. Macrophages amawononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, koma M. TB imakhala ndi capsule yochuluka yomwe imaitetezera ku michere ya poizoni yomwe macrophages amagwiritsa ntchito kuyipsetsa. TB imatha kukonzanso mkatikati mwa macrophage.

Mmene Bacteria Akufalikira

Kuti mumvetse momwe mabakiteriyawa amachititsira matenda, muyenera kumvetsetsa kusiyana kwa matenda opatsirana omwe ali ndi chifuwa chachikulu .

Wina yemwe ali ndi matenda opatsirana ali ndi mabakiteriya a TB m'thupi lawo koma alibe matenda ogwira ntchito. Popanda zizindikiro monga malungo, kuzizira, kukopa, ndi kulemera , sizowopsa.

Mmalo mwake, mabakiteriya akugona mthupi mwathu. Anthu pafupifupi 5 mpaka 10 peresenti ya anthu omwe ali ndi TB yosapitirira adzapitiriza kukhala ndi TB yogwira mtima m'moyo wawo wonse. Izi zimachitika makamaka zaka ziwiri zoyambirira za matendawa.

Anthu omwe ali ndi TB yogwira ntchito, ali ndi zizindikiro monga zomwe zafotokozedwa pamwambapa. Iwo ali opatsirana kwambiri ndipo akhoza kufalitsa matendawa. Akakopeka, amatupa, amanamizira, kapena kulankhula, mabakiteriya amatha kutulutsidwa m'madzi. Aliyense amene amachiza madontho amenewa akhoza kuyamba matenda a TB m'mapapo.

Ku United States, kachilombo ka TB kakufala kwambiri m'chaka ndi mitengo yotsika kwambiri.

Zinthu Zamankhwala

Pali mankhwala omwe angapangitse chiopsezo chanu chokhala ndi chifuwa chachikulu.

Kugonjetsa

Chitetezo cha chitetezo cha m'thupi chimapangitsa kuti thupi lanu likhale lovuta kulimbana ndi matenda ndipo mwinamwake TB yofiira imayamba kugwira ntchito. Zimapangitsanso kuti kachilombo ka TB kakhale koyamba. Mukhoza kukhala osasamalidwa bwino pogwiritsa ntchito zotsatirazi:

• Zaka: Kuteteza thupi kumatenda aang'ono kwambiri komanso okalamba kwambiri amakhala ofooka.
• Chemotherapy: Mankhwalawa amamenyana ndi khansa komanso imachepetsa chitetezo cha m'thupi.
• Corticosteroids: Aliyense amene amamwa mankhwala odziteteza pakamwa nthawi yaitali, omwe amatha kukhala ndi 15 mg prednisolone kwa mwezi umodzi kapena kuposerapo, ali ndi mphamvu yoteteza thupi lake.

• HIV / Edzi: Kuopsa kwa chifuwa chachikulu cha TB kukuyenera kukhala oposa 16 kwa anthu omwe ali ndi HIV. Pamene matenda a HIV akufalikira kapena amapita ku AIDS, chiopsezo cha TB chikuwonjezereka.
• Zosintha za thupi: Pofuna kuteteza thupi kuti lisakane chiwalo (mtima, impso, kapena chiwindi), anthu amayamba kumwa mankhwala osamalitsa thupi.
• Matenda a tumor necrosis (TNF) inhibitors: Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira matenda monga Crohn's, psoriatic nyamakazi, ndi nyamakazi ya nyamakazi.

Matenda Osalekeza

Zinthu zotsatirazi zingakulitse chiopsezo cha matenda a TB:

• Matenda a Celiac
• Matenda a chiwindi
• Matenda a m'mapapo olepheretsa kupweteka (COPD)
• Cirrhosis
• Matenda a shuga
• Kuchita opaleshoni yowonongeka
• Khansara ya mutu ndi khosi
• Matenda a impso
• Silicosis

Momwe zikhalidwezi zimachulukitsa chiopsezo chanu cha TB sizidziwika bwino, koma zingakhale chifukwa cha zotsatira za chitetezo cha mthupi ndi momwe thupi lanu limakhudzira zakudya. Ngati muli ndi imodzi mwazimenezi, tengani njira zowonjezera kuti muwone ngati mukudwala TB.

Zochitika Zamoyo

Pali zifukwa zosagwiritsidwa ntchito pazifukwa za TB zomwe zingakhale zovuta kwambiri. Mwamwayi, umphawi, kusowa pokhala , ndi kuchepa kwa kupeza chithandizo chamankhwala kungathandize kuthetsa mavuto enawa.

Zakudya ndi Zakudya Zabwino

Zakudya zoperewera zimathandiza kwambiri pofalitsa TB. Kutaya kwa zakudya kochepa kumangowonjezera chitetezo cha mthupi koma kumayambitsa kulemera. Anthu omwe ali ochepetsetsa (chiwerengero cha misala ya thupi la <18.5) amakhala odwala kachiwiri kuposa anthu omwe ali ndi BMI apamwamba.

Pankhani ya zakudya zowonjezera, yang'anani ku chitsulo ndi Vitamini D. Kulemera kwa chitsulo m'magazi kungalimbikitse kukula kwa mycobacteria, kupangitsa anthu kukhala ndi kachilombo ka TB. Vitamini D imachita zosiyana, ndikulepheretsa kukula kwa mycobacteria. Mwa njira iyi, kusowa kwa vitamini D ndi chiopsezo cha chifuwa chachikulu cha TB.

Nthawi iliyonse, nkofunika kudya zakudya zopatsa thanzi komanso kukhala ndi thanzi labwino. Mavuto a chikhalidwe cha anthu sikuti nthawi zonse amatha kuchita zimenezo.

Malo

Anthu obadwira m'madera omwe ali ndi TB akuwopsa kwambiri kuti awonekere kwa mabakiteriya. Maiko otsatirawa, kuyambira ochuluka kapena osawerengeka, amawerengera 64 peresenti ya milandu yonse ya chifuwa chachikulu:

• India
• Indonesia
• China
• Philippines
• Pakistan
• Nigeria
• South Africa

Simungathe kulamulira komwe mukubadwira koma mungathe kulamulira kumene mukupita. Osachepera, samalani pamene mukupita kumalo awa.

Zamoyo

TB ikhoza kufalikira mwamsanga pamene anthu ali pafupi kwambiri. Mavuto ambiri m'mudzi kapena ngakhale pakhomo pakhomo akuwonjezeka kwambiri. Izi ndizowona makamaka ngati pali mpweya wabwino m'nyumba.

Malo okhala opanda pogona, makamaka, akhoza kukhala ochulukirapo ndipo samakhala bwino nthawi zonse. Ngati muli ndi mwayi wokwereka nyumba kapena kugula nyumba, ganizirani za chitetezo cha moyo wanu.

Kusokoneza bongo

Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kumafala pakati pa anthu omwe ali ndi TB. Kusuta fodya kumawonjezera ngozi yanu moŵirikiza. Kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kaya jekeseni kapena osamwa, ndi kumwa makilogalamu 40 (imodzi ya vinyo, mabakiteriya atatu kapena awiri, kapena ma ola 4 a zakumwa zosakaniza monga vodka kapena whiskey) kapena mowa wochuluka pa tsiku kumapangitsanso zizindikiro za TB kutumiza.

Ndibwino kuti mutha kusuta fodya komanso mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Ngati mumamwa mowa, khalani ochepa chabe.

> Zotsatira:

> Lipoti la Global Tuberculosis 2017. World Health Organization. http://www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report/en/. Idasinthidwa Disemba 1, 2017.

> Horsburgh CR. Epidemiology ya Chifuwa chachikulu. Mu: UpToDate, Lerner SP (Ed), UpToDate, Waltham, MA.

> Oeltmann JE, Kammerer JS, Pevzner ES, Moonan PK. Chifuwa chachikulu ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo ku United States, 1997-2006. Arch Intern Med. 2009 Jan 26; 169 (2): 189-97. lembani: 10.1001 / archinternmed.2008.535.

> Chifuwa chachikulu (TB): Kusiyana pakati pa matenda a TB ndi Matenda a TB. Maofesi a Kuletsa ndi Kuteteza Matenda. https://www.cdc.gov/tb/publications/factsheets/general/ltbiandactivetb.htm. Idasinthidwa pa November 21, 2014.

> Chifuwa cha TB ndi HIV. Bungwe la World Health Organization.http: //www.who.int/hiv/topics/tb/en/. Idasinthidwa February 2018.