Mitundu yamakutu m'makutu, yotchedwanso serous otitis media (SOM) kapena otitis media ndi effusion (OME), ndikumangirira madzi kumbuyo kwa khutu la khutu lomwe lingathe kuchitika pokhapokha ngati phokosoli lilibe vuto.
Pulogalamuyi imalola kuti madzi amveke kuchokera kumutu mpaka kumbuyo kwa mmero. Ngati phukusi lamakono lidzatsekedwa, madzimadzi adzasungidwa mkatikati mwa khutu.
Madzi oterewa amawatcha kuti effusion ndi ogulitsa mankhwala anu.
Kuwonjezera pa matenda a khutu, chimfine ndi matenda omwe amatha kudwala amatha kutulutsa madzi m'makutu ngati kutupa kapena kutupa kumathandiza kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tisagwedezeke. Phunzirani momwe mungapewere izi kuti zisakwaniritsidwe, ndi momwe mungadziwire ndi kuchiza izi ngati zikuchitika.
Zimayambitsa
Aliyense angathe kutenga makutu m'makutu mwawo, koma zimakhala zovuta kuti zichitike kwa ana chifukwa cha kutengera kwake kwa chubu, chomwe chiri chochepa kwambiri komanso chosakanikira kusiyana ndi chubu la munthu wamkulu. Pali pafupifupi 2,2 miliyoni milandu ku US chaka chilichonse, ndipo pafupifupi ana makumi asanu ndi atatu (90) mwa 100 aliwonse amamva madzi m'makutu awo asanafike zaka zisanu kapena zisanu ndi chimodzi.
Matenda onse m'makutu amayamba chifukwa cha mtundu wina wa kapangidwe ka chubu koyambitsa matenda omwe amachititsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda musatenge madzi okwanira. Zomwe zimayambitsa kukhetsa madzi m'makutu kwa akulu ndi ana zimaphatikizapo:
- Nthendayi
- Mtundu uliwonse wa chisokonezo , kuchokera ku chimfine chozizira, matenda ofanana, kapena ngakhale kutenga pakati
- Mitundu yowonjezera yowonjezereka, minofu yamkati , tonsils ndi adenoids , kapena kukula kwina komwe kumapangitsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (kawirikawiri timayambitsa matenda aakulu a sinusitis )
- Kusokonezeka kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, makamaka utsi wa ndudu
- Kuwonongeka kwa kapangidwe ka chubu kuchokera kumayendedwe ka khansara ya mutu ndi khosi kapena opaleshoni yapitayi yomwe ingapangitse kugwiritsira ntchito phokoso lamakono (losadziwika)
- Barotrauma kumakutu (kusintha mofulumira kwa kuthamanga kwa mpweya wozungulira monga kumachitika pamene akuuluka mu ndege kapena kusambira pamadzi)
- Zovuta zovomerezeka zomwe zingagwirizane ndi Down syndrome kapena cleft palate
Zizindikiro
Zizindikiro zamadzimadzi m'makutu zingakhale zovuta ndi anthu. Kwa ana ang'onoang'ono chikhalidwechi chimati ndizosawonetsa, ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri ana a msinkhu uwu sangathe kufotokoza zovuta zilizonse ndipo popanda kumva ululu wamtundu wa zizindikiro zambiri zimakhala zosazindikiridwa ndi osamalira awo.
Kwa anthu ambiri achikulire omwe ali ndi madzimadzi pakati pa zizindikiro zomveka pakati, akhoza kukhala osasamala, koma ena achikulire amafotokoza zowawa zakumva nthawi zonse ndi zizindikiro zofooketsa. Ena achikulire ndi ana okalamba amene akhala akukumana ndi vuto lakumadzimadzi m'makutu mwawo nthawi zina amatha kudziwa ngati madziwa akuwonjezeranso ndipo akusowa chithandizo. Kawirikawiri, zizindikiro zamadzimadzi m'makutu zingaphatikizepo:
- Kumva ululu
- Kumva ngati makutu "akudulidwa"
- Kuwonjezeka kwa ululu wa khutu pakasintha kutalika, komanso kusakhoza "kupukuta" makutu
- Ziphuphu (kumalira m'makutu)
- Kumva kutayika kapena kumva kumveka kuli kovuta
- Kumverera kwodzaza mmakutu
- Kutaya malire kapena vertigo (chosowa)
- Mavuto a khalidwe
- Ntchito yovuta kusukulu yokhudzana ndi kuchepa kwa kumva
Pali zizindikiro zambiri zomwe zimayambitsa zizindikiro zofanana ndi madzi m'makutu kapena zomwe zingakhalepo panthawi imodzimodzimodzi ngati chimbudzi m'makutu kuphatikizapo:
Kudziwa
Chifukwa chakuti madzi m'kamwa nthawi zambiri amawoneka, makamaka kwa ana, nthawi zambiri amapita osadziwika. Ngati mwana wanu ali ndi zizindikiro zamadzimvekedwe m'kamwa, ndibwino kuti mutenge nawo kwa dokotala wa ana kapena otolaryngologist (khutu, mphuno, katswiri wa khosi kapena ENT). Katswiri angathe kupeza zipangizo zogwiritsira ntchito bwino, komabe chofunikira kwambiri ndizofunikira kuti azindikire zizindikiro zosabisa zomwe zingatanthauze kuti muli ndi makutu m'makutu anu.
Kugwiritsa ntchito Otoscope
Njira yabwino yodziwira kuti madzi akumwa m'kamwa ndi kufufuza khutu pogwiritsa ntchito otoscope kapena otomicroscope. Dokotala wanu angagwiritse ntchito otoscope chifukwa izi zimafala chifukwa cha mtengo, ngakhale kuti otomicroscope ingalole kuti muzindikire bwinobwino.
Kufufuza khutu ndi otoscope ndi lophweka ndipo kumaphatikizapo kubwezera khutu ndi kuyika khutu la otoscope mu khutu. Izi zimapangitsa dokotala kulingalira ndondomeko yamakutu ( tympanic membrane ). Madokotala omwe amadziwa bwino angathe kuona ngati chimbudzi chimakhala kumbuyo kwa khutu, khutu kapena kuti khutu la khutu silikuyenda bwino. Mwatsoka, sikuti nthawi zonse zimakhala zomveka bwino ndipo chinthu chokhacho chomwe chimasonyeza kuti madzi akumwa mumutu amatha kuchotsa pang'ono phokoso lakumutu kapena mtundu wosasangalatsa. Pachifukwa ichi zimatengera dokotala wodziwa bwino kuti azindikire zamadzimve m'makutu.
Tympanometry Exam
Madzi m'makutu angatsimikizidwe ndi mayesero ena otchedwa tympanometry . Mayesowa ali ndi zofanana ndi kafukufuku pogwiritsa ntchito otoscope kuti khutu lidzatulutsidwa ndipo nsonga ya chida, chomwe chimatchedwanso speculum, idzaikidwa kumbali yakutali ya kankhutu. Mwana wanu (kapena inu, ngati muli wodwalayo) muyenera kuyesetsa kwambiri kuti muyesetse kuyeserera panthawiyi ndikupewa kulankhula kapena kumeza ngati n'kotheka.
Chidacho chidzayesa kupanikizika mkati mwa khutu, ndipo pangani mawu. Mphungu ya tympanic idzawonetsa phokoso lenileni la tympanometer, lomwe lalembedwa pa graph lotchedwa tympanogram. Ngati muli ndi makutu m'makutu, chiwindi cha tympanic chidzasokoneza ndipo phokoso lachilendo lidzawonetsedwa.
Njira Zothandizira
Kawirikawiri, mankhwala sali oyenera kuti madzimadzi amve m'makutu. Madzi amadzimadzi amatha kukhetsa okha mkati mwa milungu ingapo. Komabe, ngati sichoncho, chithandizo chimadalira zifukwa zingapo.
- Ngati mchere ulipo kwa masabata asanu ndi limodzi, mankhwala angaphatikizepo kuyesedwa kwa kumva , mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena kuyang'ana kwina.
- Ngati mchere ulipo pambuyo pa masabata 12, yesetsero lakumvetsera liyenera kuchitidwa. Ngati pali kusiyana kwakukulu kwakumvetsera , wothandizira zaumoyo angaganizire maantibayotiki kapena kuyika ma tubvi m'makutu.
- Ngati madziwa akadalipo pakatha miyezi 4 mpaka 6, kuika opaleshoni ya makutu a khutu kumakhala kofunikira ngakhale mutakhala ndi vuto lokumva.
- Adenoids imafunikanso kuchotsedwa ngati ikuluikulu ndipo imachititsa kuti phukusi la eustachian likhale lofunika kwambiri.
Madzi m'makutu amatha kupezeka kapena alibe matenda. Maantibayotiki sagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha pali matenda omwe amamva panopa ndipo sangagwiritsidwe ntchito. Ngakhale kuti antihistamines ndi othandiza popewera sinusitis osatha yomwe ingakhudze kukwera kwa mankhwala anu, antihistamines sakuvomerezedwa kuti azitha kumwa mankhwala mumutu.
Ana omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu, kuphatikizapo omwe akukumana ndi kuchepa kwa chitukuko, angafunike chithandizo kale. Kwa ana omwe samafuna chithandizo, kusamalira zizindikiro komanso kuyembekezera kuti madzi akutsuka okha akhoza kukhala chinthu chabwino kwambiri choti muchite. Ngakhale pakati pa ana omwe amafuna kuthandizira opaleshoni, nthawi zonse amachira nthawi zonse.
Kupewa
- Pewani utsi wa ndudu
- Pewani zizindikiro zodziwika
- Ngati mwana wanu ali pa chisamaliro cha tsiku, ganizirani kumuchotsa kapena kusinthasintha patsiku laling'ono ngati amamwa madzi m'makutu nthawi zambiri
- Sambani manja anu ndi zidole za mwana wanu nthawi zambiri
- Pewani kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo
- Alimbikitseni kuyamwitsa ngati nkotheka, ngakhale kwa masabata angapo. Makanda amene ali pachifuwa amayamba kudwala nthawi zambiri ndipo sakhala ndi kachilombo ka HIV.
- Khalanibe wokhazikika pa katemera . Katemera wa pneumococcal (Prevnar) amathandiza kupewa matenda omwe amamva bwino kwambiri komanso katemera wa chimfine angathandizenso.
Mosiyana ndi chikhulupiliro chofala, kubweretsa madzi m'mwana kapena makutu a mwana wamng'ono, sikudzachititsa serous otitis media. Ana omwe amasambira nthawi zambiri ndipo sameta makutu awo mokwanira akhoza kumvetsera khutu , koma izi ndizosiyana kwambiri.
Mawu Ochokera
Makutu m'makutu mwanu ndi vuto lalikulu, makamaka kwa ana ali aang'ono. Kaya ndinu wamkulu kapena mwana, madzimadzi omwe ali m'kamwa mwanu angakonzekere popanda mankhwala.
Ngati zizindikiro zanu zakhalapo kwa milungu yoposa sikisi kapena zikuwonetsa zizindikiro zazikulu, muyenera kuwona dokotala wanu. Madzi amatha nthawi yaitali, osatulutsidwa m'makutu angakhudze moyo wanu ndi ntchito zanu kusukulu kapena ntchito.
> Zotsatira:
> Maphunziro a American Academy of Otolaryngology-Mutu ndi Opaleshoni. Kuchiza ndi Kusamalira Fluid Yamakutu. http://www.entnet.org/sites/default/files/uploads/PracticeManagement/Resources/_files/ome-treating-managing_cobranded.pdf .
> Otitis media ndi effusion. Webusaiti ya Medline Plus. https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007010.htm. Idasinthidwa pa August 31, 2016.
> Rosenfeld, RM, Shin, JJ, Schwartz, SR, Coggins, R, Gagnon, L, Hacker, JM ... Corrigan, MD. (2016) .Zitsogozo Zotsatila: Otitis Media ndi Effusion (Update). Otolaryngology- Kupweteka kwa Mutu ndi Nkhono. 154 (1S) S1-S4.