Pali mitundu yochepa ya matenda a khutu, koma otitis ndi omwe amapezeka kwambiri. Zimapezeka pamene madzi ndi mafinya amamanga pakati, ndipo amachititsa kumva ululu. Izi kawirikawiri zimachokera ku chimfine kapena chifuwa chimene chingalepheretse madzi, kuyambitsa mabakiteriya kapena mavairasi, ndi kuyambitsa kutupa. Matenda a makutu amavomereza kwambiri ana ang'onoang'ono koma amatha kuchitanso kwa akuluakulu.
Ambiri amatha kuchiritsidwa mosavuta kapena popanda mankhwala opha tizilombo.
Otitis media ndi effusion (OME) amawoneka ngati pali madzimadzi m'makutu (kawirikawiri pambuyo pa chimfine) koma palibe kachilombo koyambitsa. Matenda a khutu lakunja akutchedwa otitis kunja (khutu la kusambira).
Zizindikiro
Kwa akuluakulu ndi ana akuluakulu, chizindikiro chodziwika bwino chosonyeza kuti otitis akuvutika ndi ululu. Nthawi zambiri ana amawopsa malungo, koma osati nthawi zonse. Zizindikirozi zimawonekera pambuyo pozizira kapena chimbudzi.
Ana ndi ana aang'ono amamva kupweteka koma samatha kuwauza makolo awo za vuto lawo, kotero ndikofunikira kufufuza zizindikiro zosalankhula zomwe zingakhale ndi kachilombo ka khutu. Izi zikuphatikizapo:
- Kukoka pa khutu
- Kufuula zambiri kuposa nthawi zonse
- Kuvuta kugona
- Kusambira kwa khutu
- Mavuto ndi kulingalira kapena kumva
- Kuchepetsa kudya
- Malungo osadziwika
Matenda a khutu siwowopsa kwa ana, bola ngati ululu ukhoza kulamulidwa.
American Academy of Pediatrics imalimbikitsa njira yothetsera ululu ndikudikirira masiku awiri kapena atatu kuti awone ngati ikupita, monga momwe zidzakhalira. Muyenera kufunsa dokotala wanu nthawi imene mwanayo akufuna kuwonedwa. Akuluakulu ayenera kuitana dokotala akamamva kupweteka kwa khutu kapena zizindikilo zina ndikuwona ngati ayenera kuyembekezera kapena kubwera kudzafufuza.
Zizindikiro za matenda aakulu otitis amatha kuphatikizapo kutaya kwa kumva, kutaya makutu, kufooka kwa nkhope, kufooka kwa nkhope, kupweteka kwa makutu, kupweteka kwa mutu, kutentha thupi, chisokonezo, kutopa, ndi kutentha kapena kutupa kumbuyo kwa khutu.
Kuphatikizidwa kwafupipafupi kwa otitis media ndi kupasuka kwa eardrum chifukwa cha kupanikizika kwa madzi osungunuka ndi pus, ndipo mukhoza kukhala ndi vutolo. Zovuta zambiri zimaphatikizapo matenda omwe amafalitsa mafupa a mastoid ( mastoiditis ) kapena malo ena. Matenda otere a ana otere amachititsa kuti anthu asamvetsetse bwino komanso amalephera kulankhula komanso kulankhula chinenero.
Zimayambitsa
Ngakhale matenda osiyanasiyana amamva angayambitse zizindikiro zofanana, zomwe zimayambitsa zimasiyana.
Kutseka kwa chubu la eustachian limene limagwirizanitsa kumbuyo kwa khosi lanu ndi khutu lanu lakati limapanga malo otitis media. Phukusi silingathe kumvetsetsa khutu lakati ngati muli ndi kutupa koonjezera, ntchentche, kapena chisokonezo nthawi zambiri zimachitika ndi matenda opuma opuma kapena odwala. Mabakiteriya kapena mavairasi amatha kuwonjezeka pakati pa khutu ndikumayambitsa matenda a khutu .
Ana omwe ali pakati pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi ndi zaka ziwiri ali pangozi yaikulu chifukwa mazira awo a eustachian sangakwanitse kutulutsa madzi m'makutu mwa mkati ndipo amatha kukhala ndi matenda opumphuka apamwamba chifukwa cha ma chitetezo.
Ana omwe sanayambe kuyamwitsa kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yoyambirira ya moyo, omwe amadya chakudya cha botolo pamene akugona, kapena amagwiritsa ntchito pacifier miyezi isanu ndi umodzi (6) ali ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka kwa matenda a khutu.
Kusuta ndi kusuta fodya wachiwiri kumawonjezera chiopsezo. Zina mwazidzidzidzi zimaphatikiziranso palt palate ndi matenda ena a craniofacial, adenoids owonjezeka, mapulopa am'madzi , ndi matenda a mucosal monga sinusitis.
Matenda otchedwa otitis media (COM) amasonyeza kuti madzimadzi ali pakatikati pakutu kwa milungu sikisi kapena kuposerapo. Ndicho chikhalidwe chomwe chimakhala chikuchitika kwa zaka zambiri pakati pa anthu omwe nthawi zambiri amamva vuto.
OME ikhozanso kuchitika ngati mutagwa ndi chimfine kapena zilonda zam'mimba ndipo madzi amadziwika pakati pa khutu chifukwa cha kutupa, koma palibe kachilombo koyambitsa. Madzi amadzimadzi amatuluka okhaokha mkati mwa masabata anayi kapena asanu ndi limodzi. Zimakhala zochitika nthawi zambiri kwa ana a zaka zapakati pa miyezi 6 ndi zaka zitatu. Anyamata ambiri amakhudzidwa kuposa atsikana.
Khutu lakuthamanga (otitis externa) ndi losiyana ndi otitis media mu mabakiteriyawo amachulukira m'madzi omwe atsekedwa mumtsinje wakunja. Kusambira, mwachibadwa, ndi chinthu chofala, koma kuyika zala kapena swaponi m'makutu kungathandizenso kutero.
Kudziwa
Kuzindikira bwino matenda a khutu kumafuna kuyendera wothandizira zaumoyo wanu. Adzagwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chapadera (otoscope) kuti ayang'ane mkati mwa khutu kuti adziwe mtundu wa matenda a khutu angakhalepo. Kujambula nthawi zambiri sikofunika. Komabe, ngati muli ndi matenda opatsirana apakati, kachilombo ka CT kapenanso MRI ingachitidwe kuti muyang'ane zolakwika kapena zoperewera.
Chithandizo
Matenda ambiri apakati a makutu amadziwika okha patapita masiku angapo. Dokotala wanu angakulimbikitseni kuti muone ngati kuyang'anira ndi kuyembekezera kapena mankhwala akulimbikitsidwa.
Ibuprofen kapena acetaminophen angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa ululu wa khutu. Dokotala akamapanga matenda a khutu, mankhwala opha tizilombo amayenera kulangizidwa molingana ndi zolemba zokhudzana ndi zaka komanso zofunikira zina. Amoxicillin ndilo kusankha koyamba chifukwa limakhudza wodwala bakiteriya wamba. Maantibayotiki ena amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati muli ndi vuto la penicillin. Mphuno yam'mutu imatulutsidwa kuti imuthandize ndi ululu wa khutu.
Ngati mwana wanu ali ndi matenda otitis ambiri, dokotala wanu angalimbikitse kuti akhale ndi timabulu ting'onoting'ono taikidwa m'makutu ake kuti tithandizeni kukhetsa madzi omwe akumanga. Ngakhale kuti njirayi ndi yowoneka bwino komanso yosadziwika bwino, pali ngozi zomwe zimachitika ndi mtundu uliwonse wa opaleshoni kapena anesthesia ndipo chisankhocho chiyenera kukhala chimodzi chomwe chimayang'aniridwa bwino ndi makolo ndi dokotala.
Kusamalira ndi Kulimbana
Kulimbana ndi matenda a khutu kungakhale kokhumudwitsa, kaya ndi zanu kapena za mwana wanu. Ngati mankhwalawa atchulidwa, ndi bwino kukumbukira kuti simudzawona kusiyana kulikonse kwa maola osachepera 24 mpaka 48. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pangakhalebe malungo ndi ululu waukulu wamutu panthawi imeneyo. Mwana angapitirizebe kukangana ndi kuvutika kukagona. Gwiritsani ntchito kupweteka kwapweteka ngati kuli kofunikira komanso monga momwe mwakhalira; Mungayesenso kugwiritsa ntchito nsalu yotentha kapena yozizira ku khutu lakukhudzidwa.
Zosokoneza monga mavidiyo, mabuku, ndi masewera angathe kutenga chidwi cha mwana kutali ndi ululu ndi kusokonezeka. Ngati mwakhala nthawi yayitali ndi mwana wovuta, funsani thandizo kuti mutenge nthawi.
Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti mutenge mankhwala onse operekedwa. Kusamaliza mankhwala oyenera omwe angapangidwe kungapangitse mabakiteriya osagwiritsidwa ntchito ndipo amachititsa kuti matendawa apitirize.
Mawu Ochokera
Matenda a makutu ndi mbali yamba ya ubwana. Lankhulani ndi wothandizira zaumoyo wanu zomwe muyenera kuchita ngati muwona zizindikiro mwa mwana wanu. Inu ndi mwana wanu, musachepetse kusuta fodya kapena kusiya kusuta. Onetsetsani kuti mutenge njira zochepetsera chimfine ndi chimfine, kuphatikizapo kulandira katemera komanso kutentha kwapachaka.
Zotsatira:
> Makutu Amamva. MedlinePlus. https://medlineplus.gov/earinfections.html.
> Lieberthal A, Carroll A, Chonmaitree T, et al. Kuzindikira ndi Kulamulira kwa Acute Otitis Media. Matenda aumphawi 2013; 131 (3): e964-99.
> Limb CJ, Lustig LR, Klein JO. Acute Otitis Media mu Akuluakulu (Ogonjetsa ndi Osiririka). Zaposachedwa. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/acute-otitis-media-in-adults.
> Pakati pa Matenda Opatsirana. American Academy of Pediatrics. https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/ear-nose-throat/Pages/Middle-Ear-Infections.aspx.