Mitundu Yosiyanasiyana ya Cleft Palates

Mankhwala osakanizika ndi amodzi omwe amachitidwa ndi opaleshoni apulasitiki . Phala palate imadziwika ndi phokoso padenga la pakamwa.

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Kodi Palate Yoyera Ndi Chiyani?

Chilombo chimayamba m'kamwa pamene mwanayo amatha kusonkhanitsa pakati. Nthaŵi zambiri, pakamwa palinso pakamwa. Mankhwala odzola amachititsa vuto la kukula kwa mano, kulankhula, kumva , kudya, ndi kumwa. Mwana angathenso kutentha, kusungunuka m'makutu, pakhosi, ndi mavuto ndi matoni ndi adenoids.

Phale palate ndi yosiyana ndi mlomo wovuta . Mlomo wochenjera umakhudza milomo yakumtunda, pomwe palate imakhudza denga la pakamwa. Sikuti anthu onse okhala ndi palate amatha kukhala ndi ludzu, ndipo sikuti anthu onse omwe ali ndi palate amakhala ndi ludzu. N'zotheka kuti munthu akhale ndi milomo yodzikongoletsera komanso palate.

M'nkhaniyi, mudzaphunzira zomwe palati yachibadwa imawoneka ngati. Mudzaphunziranso za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya malingaliro - osagwirizana ndi osakwanira. Zonse zimasonyeza kuti chingwecho chimakhala ndi kutalika kwa m'kamwa. Chilombo chosakwanira chimaphatikizapo mbali ya kumbuyo kwa mkamwa. Palate palate ikhoza kukhalanso yosagwirizana kapena yodzigwirizanitsa . Unilateral amatanthauza kuti khola lili ndi chingwe kumbali imodzi. Njira zogwirizanitsa ndizomwe zili pambali zonse zala.

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Chilendo Chachibadwa cha Anatomy

Kumvetsetsa kuti palati yachilendo ikuwoneka ngati kukuthandizani kumvetsa bwino kutuluka kwa palt palate.

• Mucosa: Mucosa ndi minofu yowirira, yofiira imene imalowa mkati mwa ziwalo zina za thupi. Amagwira mphuno, pakamwa, m'mapapu, komanso m'matope amchere.
• Hard Palate: Manyowa ovuta ndi mbali ya denga la pakamwa. Amapanga mbali yakutsogolo ya m'kamwa. Ili patsogolo pa khola lofewa. Simukuwona fupa pamene mutsegula pakamwa panu chifukwa imaphimbidwa ndi mucosa. Ndilime lilime lanu kapena chala chanu, mumatha kumva kuti pakamwa panu mumasintha kuchokera ku zovuta.

  Kalawa yovuta imasiyanitsa mkamwa ndi mphuno. Popanda malaya ovuta, pali kuyankhulana pakati pa mimba yamphongo ndi mphuno yamlomo. Kulankhulana pakati pa awiriwa kumapangitsa kuti kulankhula, kudya, ndi kumwa zikhale zovuta. Pakamwa kovuta kumateteza chakudya kuti chisamve pamphuno. Mkamwa wolimba ndi wofunikira polankhula pamene umatulutsa mpweya m'malo mwa pakamwa.

• Soft Palate: Manyowa ofewa ndi am'mimba am'mimba. Ngati muthamanga lilime lanu kutsogolo kwa denga la pakamwa panu kumbuyo, mutha kumverera pamene khola lolimba limakhala lofewa. Ngati mutsegula pakamwa panu ndikupumira mkati, mudzawona phazi lanu lofewa. Malaya otsetsereka amayenda mmwamba ndi pansi chifukwa cha zochitika za minofu m'kamwa.

  Ngati pali chingwe mu minofu ya m'kamwa, sizimagwira ntchito komanso kulankhula n'kovuta. Mwachindunji, kulankhula kumakhala kovuta kumvetsa chifukwa mpweya umachoka pamphuno mmalo mwa pakamwa. Kuonjezerapo, chifukwa khola lofewa limasakaniza chakudya kumbuyo kwa mmero pamene munthu akumeza, kudya kumakhala kovuta kwa odwala okhala ndi khola lofewa.

• Kutsegula: Kutsegula ndi gawo la khola lofewa lomwe limapachika pansi pakati pa kamwa. Kwa anthu ena, ndizofotokozedwa bwino. Ena akhoza kukhala nawo ang'ono kapena osakhala nawo kamodzi.
• Alveolar Ridge: Mtsinje wamakono umatchedwanso "chigoba cha mano" kapena "ching'ombe." Mphepete mwazitalizi ndi kumene mano amachokera. Pali malo okwera otsika kwambiri komanso otsika kwambiri.
• Primary Palate: Pakamwa chachikulu ndi gawo la palate kutsogolo kwa zowonongeka. Zimaphatikizapo mbali yapambali ya malaya ovuta ndipo ndi katatu mu mawonekedwe. Zimaphatikizapo mano anayi oyang'ana kutsogolo komanso malo okwera.
• Palate yachiwiri : Palatti yachiwiri ndi gawo lakumbuyo kwa khola lolimba (gawo loyambira kumbali yowonongeka), kuphatikizapo phokoso lolowera lalitali, ndi phokoso lonse lofewa ndi kutsegula.
• Zowonongeka: Zowonongeka ndizomwe zimagawaniza palate yoyamba kuchokera ku palate yachiwiri. Imeneyi ndi yotsegula m'mimba ya bony yomwe mitsempha ya mitsempha ndi mitsempha ya pamlingo imadutsa. Ndimbuyo kumbuyo kwa mano awiri oyambirira. M'kamwa mosasunthika, zowonongeka sizingathe kuoneka ngati zikuphimbidwa ndi mucosa wa palate.

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Chiwerengero cha Cleft Palate

Ochita opaleshoni ya pulasitiki amatha kupanga ziphuphu chifukwa chokhudzidwa ndi palate yoyamba, palate yachiwiri, kapena onse awiri. Makhalidwe opangira mankhwala a khungu amawatsogolera opaleshoni ya opaleshoni ya pulasitiki, dokotala wamazinyo, otolaryngologist, othandizira oyankhula, ndi ena onse a "Cleft Team" pakupanga dongosolo loyenera la mankhwala. Komabe, zingakhale zophweka kuganiza za chingwe cha pakamwa monga "chokwanira" kapena "chosakwanira."

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Complete Cleft Palate

Mphungu "wamphumphu" umaphatikizapo ma palate onse apamwamba ndi apakati. Amachokera kumalo opita kumalo otsetsereka. Zimaphatikizapo palati yoyamba komanso palate yachiwiri.

Kalata yowonongeka kwathunthu ikhoza kukhala imodzimodzi kapena yapakati imodzi. Ngati phokoso lili pambali, mbali zonse zikhoza kukhala zangwiro, kapena mbali imodzi ikhoza kukwanira ndipo mbali inayo ingakhale yosakwanira.

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Chosalepheretsa Cleve Palate

Kuwombera kosakwanira kumayambira kumbuyo kwa mkamwa ndi uvula ndikupitirira patsogolo. Zingatheke kapena zisayende pamtunda wovuta. Mwachidule, zimangophatikizapo palate yachiwiri pamene sizikupita patsogolo kuti ziphatikizepo mapulaneti ozungulira. Kutalika kumene chingwecho chingakhoze kupitilira patsogolo kuchokera ku uvula chimasiyana mozama maonekedwe. Komabe, kuchuluka kwa khola kumatha kukhala ndi zotsatira zowonjezera kulankhula. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mapuloteni osakwanira ndi awa:

• Zamoyo Zomwe Zimatsegula: Zowonongeka zosaoneka bwino kwambiri, ndi bifid uvula ndizosavuta kwambiri. Amatchedwanso "cleft uvula." Chigwirizano cha bifid chimawoneka ngati kugawanika kapena kukakamiza kuvula. Zingakhale zonyenga kwambiri, zowonekera kokha ndi kanyumba kakang'ono, kapena kutsegula kumawoneka ngati zigawo ziwiri zosiyana. A bifid amvula mkati ndi yokha si vuto. Izi zimachitika pafupifupi 2 peresenti ya anthu. Komabe, kawirikawiri, bifid uvula ndiwonetseratu chingwe cha submucosal.
• Chomwechotsa pansi pamtambo: Chingwe chodziwika bwino chimakhala pansi pa mucosa chomwe chimagwera padenga la pakamwa - choncho mawu akuti "sub." Chifukwa chotseketsa pansi pamsika chili pansi pa mucosa, chizindikiro chokhacho chokhalapo chikhoza kukhala ndi bifid uvula . Ngakhale kuti sichikuwoneka kuchokera pamwamba, minofu ya m'kamwa siiliphatikizidwa pakati pa phokoso la submucosal cleft. Izi zimapangitsa kuti sitingathe kusuntha mkamwa chifukwa cha mawu ena. Choncho, chingwe cha submucosal kawirikawiri chimapezeka ngati mwana ali ndi chilankhulo chachilendo komanso liwu la bifid uvula lilipo.
• Wofewa Palate Cleft: Mphuno yofewa imatha kuchokera kumapeto kwa uvula ndipo imasiya kutsogolo kapena pamphuno la phula lofewa. Sizowonekeratu kuti ndizooneka mosiyana ndi maonekedwe a submucosal, zomwe zimayambitsa mavuto omwe amalankhula monga submucosal cleft. Zilonda zoopsa kwambiri (zotalika) zamtambo zimadziwika pa kubadwa chifukwa chodyetsa mavuto. Chingwe cha m'kamwa chimapangitsa kuti mwanayo asamavutike kuti apange chisindikizo cholimba pamutu. Zotsatira zake, khanda sangathe kuyamwa. Mphuno yamphongo yochepa kapena yochepa imakhala yosasonyeza zizindikiro pakubereka kapena imawulula ngati kukomoka kwa madzi kapena zakumwa.
• Wofewa ndi Wolimba Palate Cleft: Chinthu chomwe chimaphatikizapo khola lolimba ndi lofewa lidzaphatikizapo phula lonse lofewa komanso mbali iliyonse ya zovuta zofikira kuzinthu zosavuta. Fomu yoopsa kwambiri imaphatikizapo palatti yonse yachiwiri, yomwe imawonedwa ngati mpata m'kamwa kuyambira kumapeto kwa chiwonetsero chazomwe chimapangidwira. Izi ndizowonjezereka kwambiri zamakhwala osakwanira. Mofanana ndi zofiira zapadera zotchedwa palat clefts, kuphatikizana kosavuta ndi kolimba kumanja kumatuluka nthawi zambiri kubadwa chifukwa chodyetsa mavuto. Kulankhulana kwabwino kudzakhala kovuta.

_Zotsatira:

_{Boutros SG, Kudula C. Cleft Palate. Mu: McCarthy JG, RD Galiano, Boutros SG, eds. Chithandizo Chamakono mu Opaleshoni Yapulasitiki, 1st Ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier, Inc, 2006.}

_{Gosman, AA. Cleft Palate. Mu: Janis YES, ed. Zofunikira za Surgery Pulasitiki. St. Louis: Quality Medical Publishing, Inc., 2007.}

_{Mphungu RA, Kudula C, Grayson B. Cleft Lip ndi Palate. Mu: Thorne CH, Beasely RW, Aston SJ, Bartlett SP, Gurtner GC, Spear S, eds. Grabb ndi Smith's Plastic Surgery, 6th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott, wa 2007.}