Maselo Achikulire Okula mu Lababu
Matenda opatsirana amapezeka kuti amatsatira zikhalidwe za zitsanzo zosiyana ndi malo odwala matendawa. Modzidabwa kuti madokotala amadziwa bwanji vuto lanu? Nthawi zambiri sizingakhale zovuta kuzizindikira. Labu ogwira ntchito mububu la tizilombo toyambitsa matenda nthawi zambiri amafunika kukula ndi kachilombo, kunena kuchokera ku magazi kapena msuzi. Chitsanzochi chikhoza kuyesedwa poyesa kulikulitsa ku zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana kuti awone komwe kumakula bwino.
Monga zomera, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timakhala ndi nthaka yomwe amaikonda komanso zikhalidwe. Sadzakula pomwe sangakwanitse kukula.
Kotero, kodi chikhalidwe ndi chiani makamaka, ndipo chimathandiza motani pakupeza matenda?
Chikhalidwe Ndi Chiyani
Chikhalidwe ndi njira yowonjezera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mu labotale. Mabakiteriya ambiri, bowa, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndi mavairasi amatha kukulitsa mububu pamene ziyenera kugwiritsa ntchito. Makhalidwe abwino a chikhalidwe chokula angagwiritsidwe ntchito pozindikira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kugwiritsira ntchito "kusankha" kungagwiritsidwe ntchito kuti mudziwe mbali ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Mwachitsanzo, kukula kwa Staph aureus mu chikhalidwe chomwe chili ndi methicillin (osankha) chingakhale chizindikiro cha resistant methicillin Staph aureus ( MRSA ).
Zikhalidwe zimenezi nthawi zambiri zimakhala pa mbale kapena timachubu zomwe zili ndi chakudya chapadera chomwe chimalola kuti tizilombo toyambitsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kapena tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo. Izi zimalola labu kugwira ntchito kuti adziwe kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ikukula.
Ogwira ntchito labu angafunikire kukula ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pazitsulo zosiyanasiyana za chikhalidwe (kapena timachubu) kuti tiwone bwinobwino kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Izi zikhoza kukhala ngati pulojekiti ya Sherlock Holmes.
Mitundu ya Matenda Amene Amatha Kudziwa
Chikhalidwe chodziŵika chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuchokera ku zitsanzo zosiyana ndi mkodzo ( matenda opatsirana m'makina ), chitseko (matenda otsekula m'mimba ndi matenda okhudzana ndi zakudya), njira ya m'mimba ( STDs ), khosi ( strep throat ), ndi khungu ( matenda a khungu ).
Zitsanzo zosiyana ndi ziwalo zina za thupi, monga magazi ndi msana, zingakonzedwenso; Matenda amtundu uwu amayamba kukhala ovuta kwambiri ndipo amafuna kuti anthu azikhala odwala.
Mitundu Yamitundu Yosiyanasiyana Yotchedwa Syrobes?
Pali mitundu itatu yambiri ya zikhalidwe:
- Chikhalidwe cholimba. Mabakiteriya ndi bowa amatha kumera pamtunda wolimba womwe umaphatikizapo zakudya, mchere, ndi agar. Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala pamtengo waukulu wa kanjedza. Ambiri ndi zakudya zazing'ono zopangidwa ndi gelisi wofiira, zina zimakhala zachikasu kapena mitundu ina. Kachilombo kamodzi kamene kamayikidwa pa nthaka yolimba ikhoza kukula kukhala magulu kapena magulu omwe ali ndi maselo zikwi zambiri. Makoloni amapangidwa ndi clones, momwe maselo onse ali ofanana kwa wina ndi mzake. Mbali imeneyi ndi yomwe imapangitsa chikhalidwe cholimba kuti chikhale chothandizira kuzindikiritsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Mitundu yosiyana ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana idzakhala ndi zikhalidwe ndi makhalidwe (monga mtundu, kukula, mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwa dera), zomwe zimathandiza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuti tizindikire tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
- Zamadzimadzi chikhalidwe. Chikhalidwe cha madzi chimakula mu "zofalitsa" kapena "msuzi" wa zakudya. Kukula kwa microbial kumaonetsedwa kuti msuzi umakhala msanga bwanji. Nkhuku yamaluwa imatanthawuza kuchuluka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Zikhalidwe zamadzimadzi nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mitundu yambiri ya tizilombo toyambitsa tizilombo, kotero zimakhala zosafunika kwambiri kusiyana ndi chikhalidwe cholimba chodziŵa mabakiteriya ndi bowa komanso mycobacteria. Komabe, zikhalidwe zamadzimadzi ndi zothandiza kwambiri kuti apeze matenda a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, omwe sakhala ndi miyambo yodziwika bwino.
- Cell chikhalidwe. Tizilombo ting'onoting'ono monga Chlamydia kapena Rickettsia, ndipo mavairasi sangathe kukulira mumtundu wolimba kapena wamtunduwu koma akhoza kukhala wamkulu m'maselo a anthu kapena nyama. Mitundu ya maselo a anthu kapena nyama amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyambitsa "chikhalidwe" cha selo ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndikuwona zotsatira pa maselo. Mwachitsanzo, mavairasi ambiri amakhala ndi zotsatira zovulaza kapena "cytopathic" pa maselo omwe angakhoze kuwonedwa ndi okhulupirira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Popeza njira zamakono zamasamba zimakhala zapamwamba kwambiri ndipo zimafuna nthawi yambiri yogwira ntchito ndi nthawi yaitali, komabe chikhalidwe cha selo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza ndi njira zina zochizira. Zingakhale zovuta kwambiri kukulitsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Zosakaniza Zogwiritsidwa Ntchito M'miyambo
Malinga ndi mtundu wina wa chikhalidwe, zosakaniza zidzasiyana. Pali zowonjezera zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, monga izi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pozindikira komwe tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kamatha ndipo sitingathe kukula, motero kudziwa chomwe tizilombo toyambitsa matenda chiri. Nthawi zambiri sichitiuza zambiri zamoyo, koma m'malo mwake zimatithandiza kudziwa dzina la zamoyo. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ali ndi chidwi chake chodziwika bwino m'magetsi ndi zakudya. Kawirikawiri, zikhalidwe zambiri zidzafuna zotsatirazi:
- Chitsimikizo cha amino-nayitrogeni (opangidwa ndi mapuloteni)
- Zinthu zokula (magazi, seramu kapena chotsitsa cha yisiti)
- Mphamvu zamagetsi (shuga, chakudya)
- Mchere wodula pH (phosphate, citrate)
- Mchere (calcium, magnesium kapena chitsulo)
- Osankha mankhwala (antibiotic kapena mankhwala)
- Zizindikiro kapena dyes (pofuna kudziwitsa miyeso ya acidity)
- Gelling wothandizira miyambo yolimba (agar)
Chitsime:
Mayi CA, Playfair, JH, Roitt IM, Wakelin D, ndi Williams, R. Medical Microbiology. London: Buku la Chaka cha Mosby