Chemotherapy ya Khansa

Chemotherapy ya Khansa

Chemotherapy imagwiritsidwa ntchito mochizira ngati mankhwala a khansa, koma mawu akuti "chemo" okha amatha kuchititsa mantha. Kodi kwenikweni mankhwala a chemotherapy, ndi liti ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito bwanji, ndipo zotsatira zake zingakhale zotani? Ndi mafunso ati omwe muyenera kuwafunsa dokotala wanu? Ngakhale chemotherapy ikhoza kukhala yovuta, kuyang'anira zowopsya zambiri zomwe zakhala zikuwopa zakhala zikukula kwambiri zaka zaposachedwapa.

Zanenedwa kuti nzeru ndi mphamvu.

Tikukhulupirira kuti zokambiranazi zidzakuchititsani kumva kuti muli ndi mphamvu pamene mukukumana ndi gawo ili la ulendo wanu wa khansa.

Kodi Chemotherapy N'chiyani?

Chemotherapy ndi mtundu wa khansa imene imagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochizira khansa. Angathenso kutchedwa cytotoxic chemotherapy, motero 'cytotoxic' ponena kuti mankhwalawa ali poizoni (amachititsa imfa) ku maselo a khansa. Sikuti mankhwala onse a khansa amatchedwa chemotherapy.

• Njira Zothandizira Kupewa Matenda a Kachilombo Pa Chemotherapy

• Kodi Pali Chomwe Ndikhoza Kuchita Pamtundu wa Reflux Pa Chemotherapy?

Mwachitsanzo, mankhwala opatsirana , immunotherapy , ndi mankhwala a mahomoni ndi njira zosiyana za mankhwala omwe angaperekedwe monga mankhwala.

Selo imakhala khansa pamene kusinthasintha kwa kusintha kwa thupi (kuwonongeka kwa DNA) kumayambitsa kubzala ndi kugawaniza. Mankhwala a chemotherapy amagwira ntchito polepheretsa kubereka ndi kupatukana kwa maselo a maselo akukula mofulumira. Pa chifukwa chimenechi, khansa yomwe imakula msanga (mwachiwawa) nthawi zambiri imayankha bwino chemotherapy. Mosiyana ndi, ziphuphu zochepa zochepa, monga mtundu wina wa lymphoma, samayankha, kapena ayi, kuchipatalachi.

Maselo ena ochiritsika m'matupi athu amagawaniza mofulumira, monga maonekedwe a tsitsi, fupa la mafupa, ndi gawo la kudya.

Izi zimapangitsa kuti anthu azidziwika bwino ndi mankhwala a chemo, kupweteka kwa mafupa, ndi kunyoza.

Chifukwa chiyani Chemotherapy?

Kuti mumvetse bwino cholinga cha mankhwala a chemotherapy komanso chifukwa chake amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza khansa, ndi bwino kuganizira za mankhwala a khansa m'njira ziwiri: mankhwala am'deralo komanso machitidwe ochizira. Mankhwala am'deralo, monga opaleshoni ndi mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, athandize khansa kumene imayamba. Chemotherapy-kuphatikizapo mankhwala ochiritsira ndi immunotherapy-m'malo mwake amalingalira mankhwala ochiritsira. Mankhwalawa amalankhula ndi maselo a khansa omwe alipo paliponse m'thupi, osati malo oyambirira a khansa.

Ngati khansara yayamba kupitirira malo ake oyambirira (ochepa) kapena ngati ali ndi mwayi wakula, mankhwala ochizira monga chemotherapy ndi ofunikira. Izi zikhoza kufotokozedwa bwino ndi chitsanzo. Opaleshoni ya khansa ya m'mawere imachotsa chotupa m'mimba. Koma ngati maselo alionse afalikira kupyola pachifuwa kwa ma lymph nodes kapena ziwalo zina-ngakhale ngati maselo ochepa chabe atha kufalikira koma sangathe kudziwidwa ndi opaleshoni yowonongeka silingathe kuchotsa maselo ndi chemotherapy nthawi zambiri.

Khansa yochokera m'magazi monga khansa ya m'magazi imapezeka m'maselo omwe amazungulira thupi lonse, choncho mankhwala ochizira okha amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kodi Chemotherapy Amapatsidwa Liti?

Chemotherapy angaperekedwe pa zifukwa zosiyanasiyana komanso ndi zolinga zosiyanasiyana. Ndikofunika kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu ndi kumvetsa cholinga chenicheni cha chemotherapy monga gawo la mankhwala anu. Ndipotu, kafukufuku waposachedwapa apeza kuti odwala ndi madokotala nthawi zambiri amasiyana ndikumvetsetsa kwawo. Cholinga cha chemotherapy chingakhale:

• Mankhwala ochizira: Ndi khansa yokhudzana ndi magazi, monga khansa ya m'magazi, chemotherapy nthawi zambiri imaperekedwa ndi cholinga chochiza khansa. Ndi mankhwala ochizira, mankhwala anu akhoza kupasulidwa kukhala mankhwala ochizira mankhwala, omwe ndi njira yoyamba yothandizira, yotsatira mankhwala a chemotherapy, omwe amatsatira.
  
• Chemotherapy ya Adjuvant: Chemotherapy ingaperekedwe ngati mankhwala okhwima, omwe ndi mankhwala ena a khansa. Chitsanzo chofala cha izi ndi pamene chemotherapy imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa anthu omwe ali ndi kansa ya khansa ya m'mawere oyambirira yomwe ingawonekere kapena ayikira kwa minofu, koma sinafalikira kwa ziwalo zina m'thupi. Pachifukwa ichi, chemotherapy imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yothetsera maselo alionse otupa omwe apitirira patali, koma sangathe kudziwika pa maphunziro ojambula ojambula. Micrometastases ndi mawu omwe mungamve omwe amafotokoza metastases omwe angakhalepo koma sangathe kuwonekeratu.
  

• Chemotherapy ya Neoadjuvant: Chemotherapy ingaperekedwe opaleshoni isanayambe kuchitidwa opaleshoni kuti athe kuchita opaleshoni. Mwachitsanzo, neoadjuvant chemotherapy ingaperekedwe kwa munthu amene ali ndi kansa ya m'mapapo yopanda mphamvu kuti athe kuchepetsa kukula kwake kwa khansa kuti opaleshoni ikhoze.
  
• Kuwonjezera moyo: Chemotherapy nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ziwalo zolimba kuti zithetse moyo wokhala ndi moyo, koma osakhoza kuchiza khansara. Ndi khansa yowonongeka kapena khansara yomwe yatha kuchepetsedwa, mankhwala sangatheke, koma chemotherapy ikhoza kuwonjezereka moyo wonse kapena nthawi mpaka chotupa chikupita ( kupulumuka kwapanda ufulu ).
  
• Mankhwala othandizira mankhwala: Pakatha mankhwala oyamba ndi chemotherapy, nthawi zina mankhwala othandizira mankhwala amatha kuperekedwa kuti athandizidwe kuti athetsere khansa kapena kupewa khansa yomwe ikukula. Ndi mankhwala ochiritsira, mlingo wa mankhwala ogwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri umakhala wochepa kusiyana ndi omwe amaperekedwa pa mankhwala oyamba a chemotherapy.
  
• Mankhwala opatsirana: Chemotherapy angaperekedwe ngati mankhwala opatsirana ( palliative chemotherapy ). Pachifukwa ichi, chemotherapy imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa zizindikiro za khansa, koma osati ndi cholinga chochiza khansara. Izi nthawi zina zimatchedwanso 'salvage chemotherapy.'

• Malangizo Othana ndi Mavitamini Opangira Pa Chemotherapy

• Ndingathe Kutaya Kunenepa Pa Chemotherapy?

Kodi Chemotherapy Amapatsidwa Bwanji?

Chemotherapy angaperekedwe m'njira zosiyanasiyana malinga ndi mankhwala enaake. Njira zikuphatikizapo:

• Jekeseni Wosakaniza (IV): Mankhwala ambiri amadzimadzi amaperekedwa mwachangu. Ambiri mwa mankhwalawa sangathe kuperekedwa pamlomo ngati amathyoledwa ndi mavitamini a m'mimba, kapena akhoza kukhala oopsa kwambiri ku chigawo cha m'mimba. Mankhwala a IV angaperekedwe kudzera podutsa IV kapena pakati (onani zosankha pansipa).
  
• Jekeseni wa m'mimba (IM): IM injini imapereka mankhwalawo kukhala minofu, ngati kuwombera katemera wa tetanus.
  
• Jekeseni wa subcutaneous (SubQ): Majeremusi a subQ amaperekedwa ndi singano kakang'ono pansi pa khungu, ngati mayeso a TB.
  
• Jekeseni wa intrathecal: Intrathecal chemotherapy ndi njira yomwe mankhwala amadzimadzi amatumizira mwachindunji mu cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) yomwe imatsuka ubongo ndi msana. Ambiri mankhwala osokoneza bongo samadutsa magazi-ubongo wochuluka -memphane yozungulira ubongo umene umachepetsa kupeza kwake kwa poizoni. Pofuna kusamalira maselo a khansa omwe ali mu ubongo, singano imayikidwa mwachindunji kudera lino mu njira yofanana ndi pamphepete wamtsempha. Nthawi zina-ngati ofanana ndi chithandizo cha IV-chimbudzi chimayikidwa pansi pa khungu ( Ommaya reservoir ) kuti alowe mitsempha yambiri ya intrathecal. Intrathecal chemotherapy ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pochiza khansara yomwe yafalikira kwa CSF kapena kupewa khansa kufalikira kwa CSF.
  
• Jekeseni ya intraperitoneal : Ndi mankhwala otchedwa intraperitoneal chemotherapy , mankhwala otchedwa chemotherapy amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji m'mapangidwe a peritoneal, omwe amakhala ndi ziwalo zambiri za m'mimba.
  
• Mankhwala opatsirana: Mankhwala ena angaperekedwe monga mapiritsi, kapule, kapena madzi.

Njira yatsopano yopezera mankhwala a chemotherapy ndi kudzera ku chiyanjano chawo ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amatha kuwatsogolera ku maselo a khansa. Njira imeneyi yodziwika kuti conjugated monoclonal antibody therapy , ili ndi mankhwala omwe amaphatikizapo kuphatikizapo mankhwala osakaniza monoclonal ndi chemotherapy mankhwala. Mankhwala a monoclonal amapeza kuti amadziphatika okha ku maselo ena a khansa. Imodzi yomwe ilipo, "malipiro" ake-mankhwala a chemotherapy-amaperekedwa mwachindunji ku selo ya khansa.

Intravenous Chemotherapy: Peripheral IV vs. Port vs. PICC vs. Zowonjezera CVC

Funso limodzi limene mungakumane nalo ngati muli ndi mankhwala a IV ndilo kukhala ndi mankhwalawa kudzera m'thupi la IV-la IV lomwe laika m'manja mwanu kapena dzanja lanu-kapena kudzera m'kati mwa catheter (CVC).

Ndibwino kuti mukuwerenga: IV, mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuti thupi lanu likhale labwino limayika m'manja mwanu panthawi yoyamba. Kathethala yapakati ya mitsempha imayikidwa musanayambe mankhwala a chemotherapy ndipo kawirikawiri imasiyidwa m'malo mwa chithandizo cha mankhwala. Pali njira zowonjezera komanso zopindulitsa mwa njira iliyonseyi , ngakhale nthawi zina mzere wapakati ndi wovomerezeka (mwachitsanzo, ndi chemotherapy mankhwala omwe ali kwambiri kukwiyitsa kwa mitsempha).

Pali mitundu itatu ikuluikulu ya mizere yapakati. Khomo la chemotherapy , kapena gombe-o-path, ndi kachilombo kakang'ono ka pulasitiki kapena zitsulo zomwe zimayikidwa pansi pa khungu lanu, kawirikawiri pamphumba mwanu. Chotsatira pa izi ndi kathete kamene kamasulidwa mu mitsempha yaikulu pafupi ndi pamwamba pa mtima wanu. Izi zimayikidwa mu chipinda chogwiritsira ntchito pansi pazinthu zosafunika makamaka sabata imodzi kapena isanafike musanalowetsedwe. Gombe lingakulepheretseni kuti mukhale ndi phokoso lachidutswa chazing'ono zowonjezera IV ndipo lingagwiritsidwe ntchito pokoka magazi ndikupereka magazi.

Mzere wa PICC umayikidwa mu mitsempha yambiri mu mkono wanu ndipo ukhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa masabata umodzi kapena asanu. Ngati mitsempha yanu yowonongeka kuchokera ku chemotherapy, kapena yochepa kwambiri kwa mzere wa PICC kuti iyikepo, CVC yotchinga ndi njira yachitatu kwa anthu ena. Mu njirayi, catheter imayendetsedwa pansi pa khungu, kawirikawiri pa chifuwa chako, ndipo catheter imalowetsedwa mu mitsempha yaikulu monga panjo kapena PICC mzere.

Kodi Kaŵirikaŵiri Chemotherapy Amaperekedwa Bwanji?

Chemotherapy kawirikawiri imaperekedwa pamisonkhano yambiri, yosiyana ndi nthawi (nthawi zambiri masabata awiri kapena atatu). Popeza maselo a chemotherapy amachititsa kupatukana kwa maselo, ndipo maselo a khansa ali m'madera osiyanasiyana opumula ndi kugawa, zochitika mobwerezabwereza zimapereka mwayi waukulu wodwala maselo ambiri a khansa. Nthawi yayitali pakati pa magawo amasiyana malinga ndi mankhwala, koma nthawi zambiri nthawi yomwe magazi anu amayembekezeredwa kuti abwererenso.

Kusakaniza Chemotherapy

Kuphatikiza mankhwala osiyanasiyana a mankhwala omwe amatchedwa chemotherapy-omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira khansa, osati mankhwala okhawo. Pali zifukwa zambiri za izi. Maselo a khansa ali ndi chotupa si onse omwe ali pamalo omwewo panthawi ya kukula. Kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala omwe amakhudza maselo a selo pazinthu zosiyana pakuwonjezereka ndi kugawidwa kwa selo kumaonjezera mwayi kuti ma selo ambiri a khansa angathe kuthandizidwa. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osiyanasiyana kungathandizenso madokotala kugwiritsa ntchito mlingo wochepa wa antchito angapo, osati mlingo wapamwamba wa wothandizira mmodzi, motero kuchepetsa kuopsa kwa mankhwalawo.

Zizindikirozi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokozera zizindikiro za chemotherapy. Mwachitsanzo, BEACOPP ndi mankhwala asanu ndi awiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Maphunziro a mankhwala a Chemotherapy

Pali mitundu yambiri kapena mitundu ya mankhwala a chemotherapy, omwe amasiyana mosiyana ndi momwe amagwirira ntchito (njira) ndi kumene amagwira ntchito (gawo liti la selo.) Mankhwala ena amagwira ntchito imodzi mwa magawo anayi oyambirira a selo, pamene ena- amatchedwa mankhwala osagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera-amatha kugwira ntchito pazinthu zingapo. Zina mwa magulu amenewa ndi:

Agent Alkylating: Awa ndiwo mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa mankhwala a chemotherapy. Iwo ndi mankhwala osadziwika omwe amawononga DNA mwachindunji ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza khansa zosiyanasiyana. Zitsanzo monga Cytoxan (cyclophosphamide) ndi Myleran (busulfan).

Antimetabolites: Mwachidule, mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito poyerekezera kuti ndizochokera kwa maselo. Maselo a khansa amatenga mankhwalawa mmalo mwa zakudya komanso amakhala ndi njala mpaka kufa. Zitsanzo monga Navelbine (vinorelbine), VP-16 (etoposide), ndi Gemzar (gemcitabine).

Chomera Alkaloids: Kalasiyi imaphatikizapo mankhwala osokonekera ochokera ku zomera. Zitsanzo ndi Cosmegen (dactinomycin) ndi Mutamycin (mitomycin).

Antitumor Mankhwala a antibiotic: Antitumor maantibayotiki amasiyana ndi mitundu ya maantibayotiki omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda a bakiteriya. Mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito poletsa kuti maselo a khansa asabereke (kotero, sungani ziphuphu kuti zikule). Zitsanzo ndi Adriamycin (doxorubicin) ndi Cerubidine (daunorubicin).

Chifukwa chiyani Chemotherapy Sachira Khansa Nthawi Zonse?

Popeza chemotherapy ikhoza kuchepetsa kukula kwa chotupa, zingakhale zosokoneza poyesera kumvetsa chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri sichizachiza khansa (zotupa zolimba) zomwe zafalikira. Vuto ndiloti maselo a khansa amapeza njira zothetsera mankhwalawa patapita nthawi. Akatswiri a zachipatala amatchula izi ngati chotupa chomwe chimawatsutsa . Ichi ndi chifukwa chake mankhwala ena amodzi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala a chemotherapy amayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati khansara imabwerera kapena ikukula panthawi ya chemotherapy.

Zotsatira Zotsatira za Chemotherapy

Anthu ambiri amaopa mankhwala a chemotherapy, atamva nkhani zoopsa kuyambira kale. Koma monga momwe zopitilira zinapangidwira m'madera ena, zowonjezereka zapangidwa mu chemotherapy komanso. Zotsatirapo zidakalipobe, koma zambiri mwazikhoza kuyendetsedwa bwino. Palinso zinthu zambiri zomwe mungachite kuti muwonjezere chitonthozo chanu panthawi ino.

Kumbukirani kuti aliyense ali wosiyana ndipo amayankha mankhwala a chemotherapy m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Anthu ena akhoza kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zingapo, pamene ena sangakhale nawo konse. Zotsatira zina zomwe mungayembekezere zidzadalira mankhwala omwe mumalandira, koma zina mwazinthu zikuphatikizapo:

• Mphuno ndi Kutupa: Zomwe zimapweteka ndi kusanza ndizo zomwe zimawopsyeza kwambiri za mankhwala a chemotherapy, koma kupewera ndi kuchiza zizindikirozi kwakula bwino kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwapa. Kawirikawiri mankhwala osokoneza bongo amatha kuperekedwa limodzi ndi mankhwala ambiri omwe amachititsa kuti asamveke.
  
  Mankhwala onse komanso moyo wathanzi akhoza kuthandizira mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso kusanza . Kupeza nthawi yowerengera chakudya chimene mukudya n'kofunika, ndipo tikuphunzira zambiri za kufunika kokhala ndi zakudya zabwino pa nthawi ya chisamaliro. Ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri adapeza kuti akugwiritsa ntchito ginger ndi acupressure kuti mankhwala othandizira mankhwala a chemotherapy athandizidwe, njirazi ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi mmalo mwazitsulo zowononga zotsutsana ndi zotsutsa. Kamodzi kake kakakhala kovuta, zingakhale zovuta kwambiri kusewera "kugwira" kusiyana ndi momwe chizindikirocho chimalankhulidwira pomwepo.
  
• Kutaya tsitsi: Kutaya tsitsi kumakhala kofala ndi chemotherapy, ndipo ngakhale sikuli koopsa pa thanzi lanu, kungakhale kovuta kwambiri m'maganizo. Sikuti mankhwala onse a mankhwala a chemotherapy amachititsa kuti tsitsi liwonongeke, koma zomwe zimadabwitsa anthu ambiri ndi mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuti tsitsi liwonongeke nthawi zambiri amachititsa kuti tsitsi lanu lisamasowe pamutu. Kuchokera pamwamba pamutu panu, ku nsidya zanu ndi eyelashes, kufalitsa tsitsi, kukonzekera tsitsi la mankhwala pa chemotherapy kungakuthandizeni kuthana ndi zosavuta ndi zomwe zikubwera.
  
  Anthu ena amapeza kuti zimakhala zopindulitsa kupita kumsika komanso kumsika asanayambe mankhwala. Ena amapeza kuti "kukonzanso" kungapangitse kusangalatsa pang'ono nthawi yovuta. Ngakhale kuti muli ndi "phindu" loti musameta ndekha nkhope yanu kapena miyendo yanu kwa mkazi-mukuwongolera pang'ono, kuseketsa kwathandiza anthu ambiri kuthana ndi zotsatirazi.
  
  Kutaya tsitsi kumayamba kawirikawiri patatha masabata awiri kapena atatu mutatha kuchipatala, ndipo regrowth imachitika mofulumira mutatha kuchiza. Kutaya tsitsi kumapitirira ngati mutalandira mpweya wabwino pamutu mwanu, koma kutaya tsitsi kosatha sikupezeka ndi chemotherapy yekha. Ochita kafukufuku ayang'ana njira zothandizira kutaya tsitsi kuchokera ku chemotherapy ndi kupindula pang'ono.Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa kuzizira kwa khungu kumakhala kochepa mu maphunziro ena, ngakhale izi zikhoza kukhala zosasangalatsa kwambiri ndipo zimakhala ndi chiopsezo chothetsera kuchepetsa kupambana kwa chithandizo.
  
• Kugwidwa kwa mafupa a mafupa : Kuchotsa mafupa ndi imodzi mwa zotsatira zoopsa za chemotherapy, koma kasamalidwe ka mbali iyi-makamaka chiopsezo cha matenda chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa maselo oyera a magazi-zapita patsogolo kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwapa. Maselo onse a magazi (maselo oyera a magazi, maselo ofiira a m'magazi, ndi mapuloletiti) amapangidwa kuchokera ku maselo amkati mu mafupa. Popeza izi zikugawanika mofulumira kwambiri maselo, zonsezi zikhoza kuchepetsedwa ndi chemotherapy. Wachikulire wanu adzafufuza kuchuluka kwa magazi (CBC) musanayambe kulowetsedwa kwa chemotherapy ndi kuyang'anira mbali zanu mosamala kwambiri. Tengani kamphindi kuti muwerenge mfundozi zothandiza kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda pa mankhwala a chemotherapy .
  
• Zilonda za m'mphuno: Pafupifupi 30 peresenti mpaka 40 peresenti ya anthu adzalandira zilonda zakumwa pakamwa panthawi yachipatala, ngakhale mankhwala ena ali oposa omwe amachititsa kuti izi zichitike. Ngati mukulandira mankhwala osokoneza bongo angayambitse zilonda zam'kamwa, namwino wanu wamakono angakulimbikitseni kuyamwa pa chipale chofewa kapena mazira a chipsinjo pamene mankhwalawa alowetsedwa. Zilondazi zikhoza kukhala zosasangalatsa pazokha, koma zingathenso kugwiritsira ntchito kachilombo koyambitsa matenda monga chifuwa.
  
  Zakudya zochepa zochepetsera zakudya zingasinthe kwambiri pa chitonthozo chanu. Malangizo amaphatikizapo kupeŵa zipatso za citrus, zokometsera ndi zamchere, ndi zakudya pa kutentha kwakukulu, ndi kuchepetsa zakudya zowonjezera monga ophika. Mutha kumva odwala matenda a khansa akudandaula za "mankhwala amatsenga " pa zilonda zam'kamwa koma, lankhulani ndi oncologist musanagwiritse ntchito kukonzekera, mankhwala kapena mankhwala ena.
  
• Sakani Kusintha: Kusintha kusintha, komwe kumatchulidwa kuti "pakamwa pazitsulo," kumachitika kwa theka la anthu omwe akudwala mankhwala a chemotherapy. Ngakhale kuti chizindikirochi nthawi zambiri chimangokhala chokhumudwitsa, onani ndondomeko izi zothana ndi kukoma kwa mankhwala omwe amachititsa mankhwala . Anthu ambiri amapeza kukoma kumeneku kumasokoneza kwambiri ngati akuwonjezera kuyanjana kwa zakudya ndi nyama zodyera komanso kugwiritsa ntchito masukisi osiyanasiyana (kuwonjezera zakumwa ku zakudya kungathandizenso ndi zilonda zam'mimba). Kupindula pa mints kapena kutafuna chingamu, ndikusintha zida za pulasitiki kwa nthawi, zingakhalenso zothandiza.
  
• Pulogalamu yapatopa: Kuwongolera ndi kupweteka m'magawuni ogawanika (manja ndi miyendo) ndi zizindikiro zowonjezereka zokhudzana ndi mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuti thupi likhale ndi matenda a m'mimba komanso zimakhudza pafupifupi anthu atatu mwa anthu omwe amalandira mankhwala a chemotherapy Ena mwa mankhwala, makamaka omwe amagwiritsa ntchito "platinum" zotsatirapo kuposa ena. Mitsempha yathu imayikidwa ndi chinthu chotchedwa myelin chomwe chimagwira ntchito mofanana ndi chingwe chamagetsi. Zimaganiziridwa kuti mankhwalawa amatha kuwononga myelin ndipo, pochita izi, amachititsa kuti zisamaliro zikhale bwino.
  
  Mosiyana ndi zizindikiro zambiri zogwirizana ndi mankhwala a chemotherapy, kafukufuku wamatenda amatha kupitirizabe atangotha ​​kumene, ndipo nthawi zina amatha kukhala okhazikika. Kafufuzidwe ka glutamine ndi njira zina zomwe zingalepheretse kutsegula m'mimba kuti zisadzachitike poyamba. Kambiranani ndi dokotala wanu za njirayi musanayambe mankhwala a chemotherapy.
  
• Kusintha kwa Thupi: Mankhwala a chemotherapy amachititsa kusintha kwa matumbo kuchokera pa kudzimbidwa mpaka kutsekula m'mimba, malingana ndi mankhwala. Kudziletsa kumakhala kofala ndi mankhwala ena omwe amapewa kutsekemera, ndipo dokotala angakulimbikitseni njira zothetsera kudzimbidwa pa mankhwala a chemotherapy, monga chochepetsera choponderetsa, laxative, kapena onse awiri. Kutsekula m'mimba kumatha kukhala vuto kwa anthu pa mankhwala a chemotherapy, makamaka chifukwa amathandiza kuti thupi lizizira. Onetsetsani zakudya zabwino kwambiri za kutsekula m'mimba kuchokera ku chemotherapy , koma onetsetsani kuti mungalankhule ndi dokotala mwamsanga ngati mukukula m'mimba.
  
• Kukhalitsa kwa dzuwa: Mankhwala ambiri amadzimadzi amachititsa kuti mukhale ndi mwayi wotentha dzuwa mukamatuluka dzuwa, chomwe chimatchedwa chemotherapy-induced phototoxicity . Funsani dokotala ngati mankhwala omwe mungalandire muli pangozi ndi zomwe muyenera kuchita. (Zindikirani: Kutsegula kwawuni ndekha sikungakhale kothandiza ndipo kungakhumudwitse khungu lanu, makamaka ngati mukulandira chithandizo cha mankhwala.)
  
• Chemobrain: Mawu akuti chemobrain apangidwa kuti afotokoze zomwe zimakhudza anthu omwe amatha kuchipatala komanso pambuyo pake. Zizindikilo zosiyana ndi kuwonjezeka kukumbukira kuti zovuta ndi zovuta zambiri zingakhale zokhumudwitsa, ndipo zingathandize achibale kuti adziwe zotsatirazi. Anthu ena amapeza kuti kusunga ubongo wawo ndi zochitika monga crossword puzzles, sudoku, kapena chirichonse chomwe "opanga ubongo" amakondwera angakhale othandiza masiku ndi masabata pambuyo pa mankhwala.
  
• Kutopa: Kutopa ndi njira yowopsa kwambiri ya mankhwala a chemotherapy, omwe amakhudza pafupifupi aliyense amene amalandira mankhwalawa. Mwatsoka, kutopa kwa mtundu uwu si mtundu wa kutopa kumene kumayankhula ndi khofi kapena usiku wabwino wa tulo. Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zingakuthandizeni kulimbana ndi kutopa kwa khansa , koma chofunika kwambiri ndicho kudzipatsanso nthawi yowonjezera yomwe mukufunikira kuti mupumule. Njira zabwino kwambiri zothandizira zotsatirazi ndizofikira abwenzi ndi abwenzi ndikuwalola kuti akuthandizeni. Mawu oti "amatenga mudzi" alibe malo oyenera ngati mankhwala a chemotherapy.

Zotsatira za Nthaŵi Zakale za Chemotherapy

Zotsatira zoopsa za mankhwala a chemotherapy sizomwe zimakuvutitsani choyamba mukamva kuti mukufunikira mankhwala a kanseri. Ndi mankhwala onse a khansa, phindu la mankhwala liyenera kulemedwa potsata zoopsa. Komabe, ndikofunika kudziwa zina mwa zotsatira zoyipa-zotsatira zomwe sizikhoza kuchitika mpaka miyezi kapena ngakhale patapita zaka zothandizidwa ndi khansa. Mofanana ndi zotsatira zochepa zazing'ono, zovuta kuti mupeze zizindikirozi zimadalira mankhwala enaake omwe mumalandira. Zotsatira zina zimaphatikizapo:

• Matenda a Mtima: Mankhwala ena a mankhwala a chemotherapy, makamaka mankhwala monga Adriamycin (doxorubicin) , angawononge mtima. Mtundu wa kuwonongeka ungakhale wochokera ku mtima wosayambira ku mavuto a valve kupita ku matenda a mitsempha yamakono. Ngati mukulandira mankhwala awa, dokotala wanu angalimbikitse kuyesa mtima musanayambe mankhwala. Mankhwala othandiza kuchipatala angapangitse kuti vutoli likhale ndi mavuto ambiri.
  
• Kusadziletsa: Ambiri amadzimadzi amadzimadzi amachititsa kuti munthu asatengeke . Ngati pali mwayi woti mukufuna kutenga mimba pambuyo pa mankhwala a chemotherapy, zosankha monga ubwamuna wozizira kapena mazira oyambitsidwa akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino ndi anthu ambiri. Onetsetsani kuti mukambirane izi musanayambe kumwa mankhwala.
  
• Kuthandizira Kachilombo ka Mitsempha: Kuwongolera, kupweteka, ndi kupweteka m'mapazi anu ndi manja chifukwa cha mankhwala ena amatha kukhalabe kwa miyezi yambiri, kapena mwina kukhala osatha, Monga momwe taonera, kufufuza kumachitika pofuna kuyang'ana njira zothetsera vutoli koma kulepheretseni kuti zisadzachitike palimodzi.
  
• Khansa Zachiwiri : Popeza mankhwala ena amadzimadzi amapangitsa kuti DNA iwonongeke m'maselo, iwo sangangotenga khansa koma amachititsa kuti munthu adziwe khansa. Chitsanzo cha izi ndi chitukuko cha khansa ya m'magazi mwa anthu amene anachiritsidwa ndi Cytoxan (cyclophosphamide), mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu khansa ya m'mawere. Mankhwalawa amapezeka zaka zisanu kapena khumi kapena kuposerapo mankhwala atatha.

Zina zowonongeka zomwe zingakhalepo zingakhalepo ndi zizindikiro zochokera kukumva kutayika kapena khungu kumapapu fibrosis. Ngakhale kuti zoopsa za zotsatirazi zimakhala zosiyana poyerekeza ndi phindu la mankhwala, tengani kamphindi kuti muyankhule ndi dokotala za zotsatira zomwe zingakhale zosiyana ndi mankhwala anu a chemotherapy regimen.

Mafunso Ofunika Kufunsa Pankhani ya Chemotherapy

Kukhala ndi mndandanda wa mafunso omwe ulipo mukawona dokotala wanu akuwonjezera mwayi kuti mumvetsetse mankhwala anu komanso momwe mungathere. Taganizirani mafunso otsatirawa, ndipo yonjezerani nokha zomwe zikubwera m'maganizo:

• Kodi cholinga cha chemotherapy chomwe mudzakhala mukuchilandira n'chiyani? Mwa kuyankhula kwina, kodi cholinga chanu ndi kuchiza khansa yanu, kupititsa patsogolo moyo wanu, kuthetsa kuthekera kuti maselo a khansa afalikira pambuyo pa opaleshoni, kapena kuchepetsa zizindikiro?
• Kodi ndi mankhwala otani a mankhwala omwe mumalandira? Kodi mankhwalawa adzaperekedwa bwanji? Kodi mumalimbikitsa phokoso kapena mzere wa PICC, kapena kodi ndizowoneka bwino?
• Kodi ndalamazo zidzawononge ndalama zingati?
• Kodi mungapeze kuti mankhwala a chemotherapy?
• Kodi ndi nthawi zingati zomwe mungakumane nazo, ndipo ndi magawo angati omwe mungafunike?
• Kodi gawo lililonse lidzatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji?
• Kodi chemo idzakhudza motani moyo wanu wa tsiku ndi tsiku, kuthekera kugwira ntchito, ndi luso la kusamalira ana anu?
• Kodi ndi bwino kupita nokha, kapena mukufuna bwenzi kuti likuyendetseni?
• Kodi ndi zotsatira zotani za mankhwalawa, ndipo nchiyani chomwe chikuchitidwa kuti muzisamalira izi? Kodi izi zidzayembekezere liti, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimachoka? Kodi pali zotsatira zofanana za mankhwalawa?
• Ngati nthenda ya ubongo ndi yowopsa, kodi pali chilichonse chimene chingachitidwe mwamsanga pofuna kuchepetsa chiopsezo?
• Kodi mukutheka kuti mutaya tsitsi lanu? (Makampani ambiri a inshuwalansi amalipiritsa wig koma amafuna mankhwala kuchokera kwa oncologist wanu. Malamulo ayenera kulembedwa kuti "tsitsi lopaka tsitsi" kapena "chest prosthesis" kuti liphimbidwe.)
• Ndi zotsatira zotani zomwe ziyenera kukuthandizani kuti muyitane pomwepo? Mwa kuyankhula kwina, ndizidzidzidzi zotani zomwe zikhoza kuchitika?
• Ngati mukufuna kukhala ndi ana m'tsogolomu, kodi chemo idzakhudza bwanji chonde chanu komanso njira ziti zomwe mungatenge kuti muteteze luso lanu lokhala ndi ana?
• Kodi magazi anu amawerengeka kangati? Kodi nambalayi ikhale yanji musanayambe gawo lanu? Kodi chidzachitike ndi chiyani ngati mukuwerengera?
• Kodi mukuyenera kumwa mankhwala musanapite kunyumba, monga mankhwala ophera mankhwala kuti asamangidwe kapena jekeseni zomwe zimayambitsa maselo oyera a magazi?
• Kodi mukufunikira kutenga zodziletsa? Mwachitsanzo, kodi mukuyenera kukhala kutali ndi anthu omwe akudwala, samalani dzuwa, musasinthe besitara, kapena muzivala mask pagulu?
• Kwa amayi omwe ali ndi HIV, kodi muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira yolera?
• Kodi mumatenga vitamini kapena zakudya zowonjezera pa mankhwala? (Chemotherapy ikhoza kukupangitsani kuti mukhale ndi vuto la vitamini, koma mavitamini ndi mineral ena angapangitse mankhwalawa kuti asokoneze mankhwala a chemotherapy .)
• Kodi pali katemera komwe mukufunikira? (Zomwe zimakhudzana ndi katemera wa anthu omwe ali ndi khansa zimagwiritsa ntchito ma katemera onse omwe angatetezedwe ndi katemera omwe ayenera kupewa panthawi ya chithandizo cha khansa.)
• Ndi njira ziti zothandizira kapena mankhwala othandizira ( mankhwala othandizira khansa ) angathandize kuchepetsa zizindikiro za chemotherapy? Kodi izi zilipo pa malo anu odwala khansa?
• Kodi pali mayesero aliwonse omwe alipo omwe angakhale othandiza kuposa regimen omwe akulimbikitsidwa?
• Kodi mungadziwe bwanji (mankhwalawa) ndi mankhwala otani?
• Kodi "dongosolo B" lanu ndi liti ngati chemotherapy siigwira ntchito?
• Kodi muzitchula ndani ngati muli ndi nkhawa, kaya usana kapena usiku?

Nkhani Zothandiza

Ambiri a ife timakhala otanganidwa kwambiri tisanatengere matenda a kansa. Kuphunzira kuti mukufunikira mankhwala a chemotherapy mwina mungadzifunse momwe mungadzitetezere zomwe mukuchita komanso zomwe mukuyenera kuchita pamodzi ndi chithandizo chanu. Tengani kamphindi kuti muganizire izi zothandiza ndikuganizira zomwe mungachite kuti mukhale ndi moyo wabwino. Kodi mukufunikira kukwera ku malo anu a kansa? Kodi mukusowa thandizo ndi kusamalira ana? Nazi mfundo zingapo zomwe zingakuthandizeni kukonzekera:

• Sankhani bwenzi labwino kapena awiri omwe angakhale "otsogolera" anu pazokambirana ndi kuyankhula kwa ena. Anthuwa angathandize kuthandizana ndi anzanu omwe apereka thandizo, ndikuchita ngati oyankhula ngati simukufunadi yankhani foni kachiwiri. Anthu ambiri amayamba malo pa Caring Bridge kapena malo omwewo omwe angathe kugawana ndondomeko momwe chithandizo chikuyendera. Mawebusaitiwa angakhalenso gwero lalikulu la chilimbikitso ndipo amalola abwenzi kutumiza chikondi chawo popanda kudandaula za kukukhumudwitsani. Masamba monga Lotsa Thandizo Mmanja angakhale othandiza pakukonzekera ntchito pakati pa omwe adzipereka kuthandiza. Kaya akukonzekera chakudya kuti akuthandizeni, kuthandiza pakhomo, kapena kusamalira ana, anthu amatha kulemba masiku ndi nthawi kuti awathandize.
• Mutha kukhala ndi nthawi yochuluka mutakhala panthawi yopuma. Onani malingaliro awa pa zomwe munganyamule mankhwala a chemotherapy kuti muwone zinthu zabwino zomwe zingabweretse chitonthozo chanu ndi kuteteza kukhumudwa.

Kwa Mabwenzi ndi Banja

Pamene wokondedwa wanu akuyamba mankhwala a chemotherapy, mwina mumamva kuti mulibe thandizo, mukudzifunsa kuti mungathe kuchita chiyani. Kaya ikuthandizani kukonzekera chakudya chamtunda kapena kubzala udzu, ganizirani za luso lanu ndi njira zomwe mungasangalale nazo kuti mupange moyo wa munthu pa nthawi ya chemo komanso momwe mungathere. Kumbukirani kuti maganizo amatha kuwonetsa ngati munthu akupezeka ndi khansa. Yesetsani kuleza mtima ndipo yesetsani kuti musadzitengere nokha ngati wokondedwa wanu sakhala wosamala nthawi zina. Ambiri a ife sitinali olemekezeka nthawi zonse pamene tatopa, nkhawa, kapena kupweteka.

Nazi malingaliro angapo othandizira wokondedwa ndi khansa , koma chofunikira kwambiri ndi kungokhala pamenepo. Chimodzi mwa mantha aakulu a anthu omwe ali ndi khansa ndiko kukhala yekha.

Mawu Ochokera

Ngati chemotherapy yasankhidwa ngati chithandizo cha khansa yanu, mwina mumakhala mukuda nkhawa. N'zovuta kupewa kumva nkhani zoopsya za masiku apitawo. Mungafunike kukumbukira kuti chitukuko chabwino chachitika ndi khansa. Ndithudi, pali zotsatira, koma kusintha kwa kayendetsedwe ka izi kwafika kutali. Funsani mafunso. Phunzirani zambiri momwe mungathere ndikudziŵa, ndipo khalani ovomerezeka anu pa chisamaliro chanu cha khansa .

Khansara ikhoza kukhala yothamanga kwambiri . Sankhani mabwenzi angapo omwe mungathe kufotokoza zakukhosi kwanu momasuka ndi moona mtima. Sikuti nthawi zonse mumayenera kukhala ndi maganizo abwino ndi khansa . Ndipotu, ndizofunika kudzilemekeza nokha mwa kufotokoza zomwe sizikuchitika. Funsani anzanu omwe amamvetsera popanda chidziwitso, kulimbikitsa mtima wanu, ndikuthandizani kupeza chisangalalo pakati papanikizika.

Chemotherapy ikhoza kukhala yovuta, koma ikhozanso kukhala nthawi yapadera. Anthu ambiri amakumbukira nthawi zamakono za mankhwala a chemotherapy mopanda mantha, pamene amakumbukira nthawi ino yogwirizanitsa ndi okondedwa awo-nthawi yomwe chidziwitso chakuya chimayenda mwachibadwa. Mankhwala a khansa angakugwetseni pang'ono, koma khansa imasintha anthu m'njira zabwino . Yang'anirani zitsulo za siliva zomwe zikuwalira kudutsa mumtambo wa khansa.

_Zotsatira:

_{American Society of Clinical Oncology. Cancer.Net. Kumvetsa Chemotherapy. Kusinthidwa 08/2015. http://www.cancer.net/navigating-cancer-care/how-cancer-treated/chemotherapy/kumvetsa-chemotherapy}

> Longo, DL mfundo za Harrison za mankhwala amkati . 2013. New York: Hill ya McGraw.

_{National Cancer Institute. SEER Training Manual. Mitundu ya mankhwala a Chemotherapy. Inapezeka pa 08/16/16. http://training.seer.cancer.gov/treatment/chemotherapy/types.html}

> Niederhuber, J., Armitage, J., Doroshow, J., Kastan, M., ndi J. Tepper. Clinical Oncology ya Abeloff: Gulu lachisanu. 2013. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone / Elsevier.