Zolinga za magawo osiyana a mayesero a zachipatala
Kodi cholinga cha mayesero a kachipatala ndi chiyani chomwe mukufuna kudziwa ngati mukuganizira imodzi mwa maphunzirowa? Zilonda zam'chipatala zikuzunguliridwa ndizing'ono, ndipo anthu ambiri amadandaula pamene akufunsidwa kuti alembetse ku maphunzirowa. Kumvetsa cholinga cha phunziro komanso kusiyana
Cholinga Chokwanira Chakumayesero
Cholinga cha mayesero a kachipatala ndiko kupeza njira zothandizira kwambiri, kuunika, kapena kuchiza matenda.
Mankhwala ndi ndondomeko iliyonse yomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chithandizo cha khansa idaphunzitsidwa kale ngati gawo la mayesero a zachipatala.
Ngakhale nthano zokhudzana ndi mayesero a zachipatala - kodi munamvapo nthabwala ya nkhumba? Zingakhale zothandiza kumvetsetsa kuti mankhwala aliwonse ovomerezeka omwe mumalandira monga mlingo wa chisamaliro munayamba mwayesedwa mu kuyesedwa kwachipatala ndikupezeka kuti ndinu wamkulu kapena muli ndi zotsatira zochepa kusiyana ndi zomwe zinagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi imeneyo isanakhale.
Ngakhale cholinga cha mayeso a zachipatala mu kafukufuku wamankhwala sichinafanane kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwapa, ndizofunikira - ndipo makamaka osayankhula - kusintha kumene kumachitika mmoyo wa wodwala aliyense omwe akugwira nawo mayeserowa. Tidzakambirana izi m'munsiyi, mutatha kukambirana za cholinga chenicheni cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi magawo a mayesero a zamankhwala.
Cholinga cha Mitundu Yambiri ya Kuyesedwa
Cholinga cha mayesero osiyanasiyana chimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi funso lomwe likufunsidwa ngati mbali ya phunzirolo.
Mitundu yosiyana ya mayesero a chipatala ndi awa:
- Mayesero oteteza. Mayeserowa amaphunzira njira zothetsera matenda kapena zovuta za matenda kuti zisadzachitike.
- Mayesero okuyesa. Mayesero oyesera amayang'ana njira zowonetsera khansara pa siteji yowonongeka kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, kuyesa kupeza njira yowononga khansa ya m'mapapo pachiyambi kusiyana ndi kawirikawiri. Amatchedwanso mayesero oyambirira oyesa.
- Mayesero opatsirana. Mayesero amayang'ana njira zowonjezereka zosavuta kuzidziwitsa khansa.
- Mayesero ochiza. Nthawi zambiri anthu amadziwika bwino ndi mayesero amachiritso, maphunziro omwe amayang'ana mankhwala ndi njira zomwe zimapindula bwino kapena zimalekerera bwino ndi zotsatira zochepa.
- Makhalidwe abwino a moyo. Mayesero kufunafuna njira zabwino zowonjezera chisamaliro chothandiza anthu omwe ali ndi khansa ndizofunikira kwambiri ndipo zimakhala zofala kwambiri.
Cholinga cha Zigawo Zosiyana za Zoyesedwa
Kuwonjezera pokhala kuphunzira za mtundu wina, mayesero a zachipatala aphwanyidwa mu magawo kuphatikizapo:
- Mayesero a Phase 1. Mayeserowa amachitidwa pa anthu angapo ndipo apangidwa kuti awone ngati mankhwala ali otetezeka .
- Mayesero a Phase 2 . Pambuyo poti mankhwalawa akuwoneka kuti ndi otetezeka, amayesedwa muyeso yachigawo chachiwiri kuti awone ngati ndiwothandiza.
- Mayesero a Phase 3 . Ngati mankhwala akupezeka kuti ndi otetezeka komanso ogwira ntchito, amayesedwa muyeso yachitatu kuti awone ngati ali ovuta kuposa mankhwala omwe alipo, kapena alibe zotsatira zochepa kuposa mankhwala ochizira. Ngati mankhwala akupezeka kuti ali opambana kapena otetezeka mu yesero lachitatu, akhoza kuyesedwa kuti avomereze FDA.
- Mayesero a Phase 4. Kawirikawiri mankhwala amavomerezedwa (kapena osavomerezedwa) ndi FDA pomaliza chiyeso chachitatu. Mayesero a Phase 4 amachitika pambuyo pa kuvomereza kwa FDA ndipo akhoza kuchitidwa kuti adziwe ngati mankhwala a khansa omwe amagwiritsira ntchito kagawo kamodzi kansana angakhale othandiza pa gawo lina la khansa.
Momwe Cholinga Chakumayesero Chakuchipatala ndi Kusintha kwa Anthu
Monga tanenera poyamba, pamene cholinga cha mayeso a zamankhwala kuchipatala sichinasinthe, pali njira yosatsutsika yomwe mayeserowa amasinthira anthu omwe ali nawo - kusintha komwe kumagwirizana ndi kumvetsetsa bwino kwa ma genetic ndi immunology za zotupa.
Chitsanzo chili ndi masamba a mawu, choncho tiyeni tiyankhule za njira ziwiri zomwe mayesero a kachipata akusinthira.
Kwa zaka zambiri, mayesero aakulu kwambiri akhala mayesero atatu. Mayeserowa nthawi zambiri amayesa kuchuluka kwa anthu kuti awone ngati chithandizo chingakhale bwino kusiyana ndi chithandizo chammbuyomu.
Ndi mayesero awa, nthawi zina kusiyana pang'ono pakati pa muyezo ndi chithandizo choyesera. Mankhwala oyeza kuchipatala mwina amakhala osatetezeka mpaka kufika pano, koma sikuti ndi mwayi waukulu kuti udzagwira bwino kwambiri kuposa mankhwala achikulire.
Mosiyana ndi izi, pakhala pali kuchuluka kwa mayesero 1 omwe adachitidwa khansa m'zaka zaposachedwapa. Izi, monga taonera, ndizo maphunziro oyambirira ochitidwa kwa anthu, mutatha mankhwala omwe ayesedwa mu labu komanso mwinamwake zinyama. Mankhwalawa amakhala ndi chiopsezo chachikulu ngati cholinga chachikulu ndikuwona ngati mankhwala ali otetezeka, ndipo ndi owerengeka okha omwe amaphatikizidwa mu maphunzirowa. Komabe pali zambiri zomwe zingatheke - makamaka opatsidwa mankhwala omwe akulowa mayesero - kuti mankhwalawa angapereke mwayi wopulumuka kwambiri kuposa momwe zinalili kale. Kwa anthu ena mankhwalawa amapereka mwayi wokhawokha wopulumuka , popeza palibe mankhwala ena omwe amavomerezedwa.
Mungaganize kuti izi zikumveka ngati zolota, koma izi zasintha komanso zaka zaposachedwa. Zaka zapitazo chiyeso cha 1 chikhoza kukhala chodetsa mumdima, kufunafuna chirichonse chochiza khansara . Tsopano, mankhwala ambiriwa adakonzedwa kuti afotokoze maselo ena a khansa omwe adayesedwa kwa iwo omwe adzalandira mankhwalawa mu mayesero a zamankhwala.
Mwa kuyankhula kwina, njira yachiwiri yoyamba yomwe mayesero a kachipatala akusinthira makamaka ndiwo omwe amachititsa oyamba aja. Ntchito yomanga thupi yaumunthu yatsegula zitseko zambiri komanso zatsopano, zomwe zimapangitsa ochita kafukufuku kupanga mapangidwe ozunguza bongo omwe amawunikira mwachindunji zinthu zosavuta kuzidziwika bwino m'thupi la khansa. Kuonjezera apo, matendawa amalola ochita kafukufuku kupeza njira zowonjezera ndikugwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zathupi polimbana ndi khansa.
Kufunika Koyamba Kuyesedwa Kwachipatala
Zakale zomwe tafotokoza za kusintha kwa mayesero a zachipatala zingathe kuchepetsa mantha ena pa mayesero a zachipatala. Osati kokha mayesero a kachipata amatha kusuntha mankhwala patsogolo, koma chifukwa cha kusintha kwakukulu mu njira yomwe timachitira khansa, titha kupindulitsa anthu omwe ali ndi khansa kuposa kale lonse.
Izi zati, zimaganiziridwa kuti munthu mmodzi pa anthu 20 ali ndi khansara omwe angathe kupindula ndi mayesero a zachipatala. Lankhulani ndi oncologist wanu. Phunzirani za mayesero a kliniki. Izi zingawoneke zovuta, koma zikondwerero mabungwe akuluakulu a khansa yamapapu agwira ntchito limodzi kuti apange thandizo loyesa kuyerekezera kuchipatala . Onetsetsani kuti mukhale woyimilira wanu mumasamalidwe anu.
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