Zilonda zam'chipatala ndizofunikira kwambiri - ndiyo njira yokhayo kuti mankhwala atsopano ndi njira zothandizira khansa zikhalepo. Ngakhale zili choncho, pafupi 5 peresenti ya odwala khansa akupezeka mu mayesero a zachipatala ngati mbali ya mankhwala awo. Chifukwa chiyani? Zikhulupiriro zokhudzana ndi mayesero a kachipatala, monga nkhumba zamagazi zafalitsidwa komanso zikuwonetsedwa m'mawonekedwe.
Kodi nthanozi ndiziani zenizeni zokhudza maphunziro azachipatala a khansa?
Nthano # 1 - Ndiwe Nkhumba ya Guinea
Mosiyana ndi mbiri yawo nthawi zina, siwe nkhumba yamphongo ngati mutengapo mbali muzoyezetsa magazi. Koma zimathandiza kuti muzindikire gawo la mayesero a zachipatala omwe mumapereka, komanso cholinga cha gawolo.
Nthaŵi zambiri kuyezetsa kachipangizo kumaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito kwa anthu ambiri kale ndipo angagwire bwino kuposa mankhwala ochiritsira. Chiyeso chachitatu - gawo la mayesero omwe ali ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha anthu olembetsa - akuchitidwa ndi cholinga choyankha funsolo "kodi mankhwalawa amathandiza bwino kusiyana ndi mankhwala ochizira, kapena amakhala ndi zotsatira zochepa kuposa mankhwala ochizira ? "Gawo 3 ndilo gawo lomaliza kuti mankhwala asamaloledwe kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Food and Drug Administration (FDA) kudzera mu njira yovomerezeka ya FDA.
Asanalowe mayesero atatu, mayesero a magawo awiri akuchitika. Chiyeso chachiwiri chachipatala chachitidwa kuti tiyankhe funsolo, "kodi mankhwalawa akugwira ntchito?"
Nthawi zina mayesero a kachipatala amachitika kwa nthawi yoyamba pa anthu atayesa mankhwala kapena mankhwala pa zinyama. Mayesero awa, mayesero a magawo 1 , amachitidwa kawirikawiri ndi anthu owerengeka chabe, ndipo apangidwa kuti ayankhe funso, "kodi mankhwalawa ndi otetezeka?"
Musanayambe kukonzekera kuchipatala, ochita kafukufukuwa adzakambirana nanu mndandanda wa mayesero a zachipatala omwe mumayang'ana, zomwe mungayembekezere, komanso zovuta. Kwachidziwikire, anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi khansara - 97 peresenti - omwe amagwira nawo ntchito yothetsera vuto lachipatala kuti ndizochitika zabwino.
Nthano # 2 - Muyenera Kokha Kuchita nawo Chipatala Ngati Palibe Chogwira Ntchito
Kumvetsetsa magawo omwe tatchulidwa pamwambawa kungakuthandizeni kuyankha funso ili. Nthawi zina, yankho lanu likhoza kukhala inde - ngati palibe chinthu china chomwe chikugwiritsira ntchito gawo la 1 lingakuthandizeni kufufuza kwa ena ndi matenda anu (ndipo muli ndi mwayi wopanga kusiyana kwa inu nokha.) Koma kawirikawiri, anthu amatha kutenga nawo mbali m'mayesero a zachipatala pazifukwa zina. Mayesero opatsirana khansa amapezeka kwa anthu pazigawo zonse za matenda awo. Ndi kafukufuku watsopano pa chibadwa cha khansara ndi chitukuko chatsopano cha mankhwala ochiritsidwa (mankhwala omwe akuwongolera zovuta zenizeni za maselo a khansa ndipo nthawi zambiri amatero ndi zovuta zochepa kusiyana ndi mankhwala a chibadwa), mwina anthu ena akuyesedwa ngati akuyesa kuchipatala chithandizo choyamba chotsatira.
Nthano # 3 - Chidziwitso Chachipatala Chitha Kuwona Ngati Anthu Angakhale Ndi Moyo Wautali
Iyi si nthano chabe.
Nthawi zina maphunziro amapita kuchipatala kuti aone ngati anthu apulumuka nthawi yayitali ndi mankhwala atsopano. Koma maphunziro ena amafufuza zinthu zina osati kupulumuka, monga umoyo wa moyo. Mwachitsanzo, mankhwala akhoza kuyesedwa mu mayesero a kachipatala kuti awone ngati amachepetsa chifuwa cha chemotherapy kusiyana ndi mankhwala omwe alipo tsopano. Palinso mitundu yambiri ya mayesero a kliniki. Njira zina zopewera khansa. Ena amayang'ana njira zowonera kapena kuganizira khansa.
Nthano # 4 - Mukakhala Muyeso Wachipatala Simungathe Kusintha Maganizo Anu
Ngati mumagwira ntchito yowunikira kuchipatala mukhoza kusiya kutenga nawo phunziro nthawi iliyonse yomwe mukufuna kusiya.
Simudzakakamizidwa kupitilira ngati mukumva kuti zotsatira zake sizingatheke kapena ngati muli ndi chifukwa china chomwe mukufuna kuimitsa.
Nthano # 5 - Simungadziwe Ngati Mukupeza Dokotala Watsopano Kapena Mankhwala Akale Kapena Placebo
Maphunziro ena a zachipatala ali ndi gulubo la placebo, koma izi sizikutanthauza kuti muli pangozi yowalandira chithandizo chilichonse pamene mankhwala omwe angakuthandizeni alipo. Malowa samagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri m'mayesero a kachipatala kuti aphunzire za mankhwala a khansa, ndipo ngati pali zotheka mungapeze placebo, mudzadziwitsidwa bwino. Gulu la placebo lingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati mankhwala kapena ndondomeko ikuyesedwa kuti awone ngati kuli kovuta kuposa kuchita kanthu. Ndipo-ngati mankhwala kapena kafukufuku akuwonetseratu bwino kuposa malowa, mayesero a zachipatala adzaimitsidwa kuti alole anthu omwe alandira malo okhalamo kuti alandire chithandizo chowoneka bwino.
Ndi zoona kuti maphunziro ambiri "amachiritsidwa kawiri." Izi zikutanthauza kuti inu kapena madotolo anu simudziwa ngati mukulandira chithandizo choyenera kapena mankhwala akuyesedwa mu phunzirolo. Koma kachiwiri, ngati mankhwala amodzi asanakhalepo asanaphunzire mokwanira kuti akhale opambana kwambiri - kaya ndi mankhwala ophunzirira kapena mankhwala ochiritsira - phunzirolo lidzasokonezedwa kuti alole iwo amene alandira zomwe zikuwoneka kuti ndizochepa kulandira mankhwala opambana. Phunzirani zambiri za kumvetsetsa mawu omaliza a mayesero .
Nthano # 6 - Kuyesedwa Kwachipatala Zimatanthawuza Kuti Simungathe Kutaya Matenda Ena
Mukayesedwa kuti muyesedwe kuchipatala, ndipo ngati chithandizo chabwino chikupezeka, mutha kuuzidwa izi musanayambe kuyesedwa. Zowona kuti nthawi zina amalandira chithandizo - kaya chithandizo choyenera kapena chithandizo cha maphunziro a zachipatala - chimatanthauza kuti inu simungagwirizane ndi mayesero osiyanasiyana a kuchipatala m'tsogolomu. Ndikofunika kulankhula mosamala ndi oncologist wanu ndi ofufuza a phunziro kuti aphunzire ngati padzakhala pali malire m'tsogolomu ngati mutenga nawo mbali muyeso.
Nthano # 7 - Chithandizo Chimene Mudzachipeza Chilibwino Kupambana Chithandizo Chachikulu
Mu phunziro lachipatala, palibe chitsimikizo chakuti chithandizo chimene iwe udzalandira chiposa bwino mankhwala omwe alipo. Ichi ndicho cholinga cha mayesero a zachipatala. Nthawi zina, odwala khansa ya m'mapapo ndi zina zotchedwa khansa yamapapo ya ALK-positive , asanayambe kulandira chithandizo ndi FDA, ofufuza akhoza kutsimikiza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi kansa ya m'mapapo adzachita bwino pamayesero a kachipatala. kusiyana ndi mankhwala oyenera.
Nthano # 8 - Palibe Wina Amene Angapeze Chithandizo Chopezeka Kuti Chikhala Mphamvu Mpaka Chigamulo Chikachitika
Nthawi zina, mankhwala amawoneka kuti amaposa chithandizo chamankhwala asanayambe kukonzekera kuchipatala. Anthu ena omwe akudwala kwambiri amaloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kunja kwa mayesero a zachipatala kupyolera mu ndondomeko yotchedwa "kugwiritsa ntchito chifundo" kapena kupititsa patsogolo .
Nthano # 9 - Banja Langa ndi Anzanga Amandifuna Kuti Ndiyesedwe Chifukwa Chofunika Kwambiri
Kuchita nawo mayesero a zachipatala ndi chisankho chaumwini. Ngakhale mutalandira mauthenga ochokera kwa okondedwa anu ndi othandizira zaumoyo, ndi okhawo amene mungasankhe ngati ndi zoyenera kwa inu.
Nthano # 10 - Wachikulire Wanu Wamakono Adzakulolani Kudziwa Ngati Ndinu Wopempherera Mlandu Wachipatala
Kawirikawiri izi ndi zoona. Koma nkofunika kukumbukira kuti oncologists ndi anthu. Palibe amene angadziwe kuti khansa iliyonse yothetsera khansa ikuyenda paliponse padziko lonse lapansi, komanso zomwe zimafunikira kuti odwala athe kulembedwa. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti mayesero a zachipatala samayendetsedwa pa malo onse a khansa.
Dokotala wanu angakulimbikitseni kuyesedwa kwachipatala ku malo anu opatsirana khansa kapena angakulimbikitseni kupita kuchipatala china kuti mukachite nawo mayesero. Koma ndizotheka kuyang'anitsitsa mayesero a kachipatala a kansa yanu pa intaneti. Popeza izi zingakhale zosokoneza, palinso misonkhano yowonjezera yomwe imakhalapo ndi namwino woyendetsa nthiti akamayankhula nanu ndikuyesa kukwaniritsa zochitika zanu ndi mayesero a zamakono omwe alipo.
> Zotsatira:
> Utsogoleri wa US Food and Drug Administration. Phunzirani za Kuwonjezera Kufikira ndi Zina Zochiritsira Zosankha. Kusinthidwa 01/01/18. http://www.fda.gov/ForPatients/Other/default.htm