Gawo 1 mpaka Phunziro 4 la Ma ARV - Kodi ali osiyana bwanji?
Kodi Ndizigawo Ziti Zosiyana Zoyesedwa?
Pali magawo atatu osiyana a mayesero a zachipatala omwe ali ndi zolinga zosiyana, kuyambira ndi ntchito yoyamba ya mankhwala kapena chithandizo kwa anthu, ndi kumaliza ndi kuvomereza kuti anthu onse agwiritsidwe ntchito ndi FDA. Palinso gawo lina la mayesero a zachipatala kuyang'ana njira ndi mankhwala pambuyo pazivomerezedwa kale ndi FDA.
Palinso mitundu yosiyana ya mayesero a zachipatala . Mwachitsanzo, mayesero ena amaphunzira kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a chemotherapy, kafukufuku wina amayang'ana njira zowonjezera moyo wa anthu omwe amapita ngakhale kuti akudwala khansa, ndipo kafukufuku wina amayang'ana njira zothetsera khansa poyamba.
Gawo 1 Zoyesedwa - Kodi Chithandizochi N'chabwino?
Mayesero amachilendo a Phase 1 ndiwo mayesero oyambirira omwe anthu amawayeza pofuna mankhwala oyeza kapena mankhwala. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi anthu ochepa chabe - nthawi zambiri 10 mpaka 30 - ndipo amapangidwa kuti awone ngati chithandizo chili bwino. Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti pasanayambe mayesero, mayesero atsopano akhala akuyesedwa kwambiri mububu. Mwachitsanzo, musanayambe mayeso a chipatala, gawo la mankhwala a chemotherapy lingayesedwe pa maselo a kansa a anthu omwe ali mu labu, komanso pazilombo za laboratory.
Chitsanzo cha mayesero amodzi omwe angayesedwe ndi kuyesa mankhwala omwe adayesedwa kale pa makoswe pa anthu kuti awone ngati ali otetezeka.
Gawo lachiwiri la mayesero - Kodi Chithandizochi chikugwira ntchito? Kodi ndizothandiza?
Pambuyo pa mankhwala kapena mankhwala akupezeka kuti ndi otetezeka, amayesedwa muyeso yachigawo chachiwiri kuti awone ngati ndiwothandiza. Popeza chiŵerengero chachikulu cha anthu - kawirikawiri 30 mpaka 120 - amalembedwa m'maphunziro amenewa, zowonjezereka zimapezekanso za chitetezo.
Maphunziro a Zitatu Zachigawo - Kodi Chithandizochi Chimagwira Ntchito Yabwino Kupambana ndi Chithandizo Chachikulu Kapena Kodi Sichikutsutsa Zotsatira Zachilendo Kuposa Mchitidwe Wachizale?
Kamodzi mankhwala kapena mankhwala amamveka kuti ndi otetezeka komanso ogwira mtima, amaphunzira mu gawo lachitatu kuti awone ngati likugwira ntchito bwino kuposa, kapena kuti pali zovuta zochepa kusiyana ndi, mankhwala omwe alipo. Mayesero a Phase 3 amachitidwa kawirikawiri pamtanda kwa anthu zikwizikwi ndipo kawirikawiri amakhala "maphunziro awiri"; kutanthauza kuti ngakhale wodwala kapena wofufuzirayo sakudziwa kuti mankhwala akugwiritsidwa ntchito. Ngati mankhwalawa akupezeka kuti ali opambana kapena otsika kwa mankhwala ochizira, maphunzirowa kawirikawiri amaimidwa msanga kuti alole kuti anthu adzalandire chithandizo chabwino koposa.
Chitsanzo chikhoza kukhala kuyesa opaleshoni yochepa kwambiri ya khansa ya m'mapapo kuti aone ngati ngati kupulumuka kwatsopano kuli kosavuta kuposa opaleshoni yachibadwidwe, kapena ngati opaleshoni yatsopanoyo ili ndi zotsatira zochepa komanso zovuta kusiyana ndi opaleshoni (yachizolowezi).
Mutu Woyesedwa Wachigawo Chachinayi
Palinso ziyeso zapakati pa 4. Pambuyo pa mankhwala ogwiritsidwa ntchito povomerezedwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito, chiyeso chachinayi chikhoza kuchitidwa pofuna kuyang'ana chitetezo cha mankhwala kapena ndondomeko nthawi, kapena kuyang'ana ntchito zina za mankhwala.
Kufunika Koyesedwa
Pali nthano zambiri zokhudzana ndi mayesero a kachipatala, pogwiritsa ntchito zojambulajambula zojambula nkhumba kapena makoswe pamtunda. Maphunziro a zachipatala amenewa ndi njira yokhayo yothetsera khansa kapena matenda ena onse.
Zovuta izi sizingakhale zofunikira kwa anthu onse, koma chifukwa cha zomwe angathe kuchita payekhapayekha, zikhoza kutsindika mwa kufotokoza zomwe zachitika ndi kansa ya m'mapapo m'zaka zaposachedwapa. Pakati pa 2011 ndi 2015, mankhwala ena atsopano adavomerezedwa kuti athe kuchiza khansa ya m'mapapo kusiyana ndi yomwe inavomerezedwa zaka 40 zisanafike 2011.
Talingalirani kuti munthu aliyense amene adayesedwa pamayeserowa asanavomerezedwe, anali ndi mwayi wolandira mankhwala kapena ndondomeko yomwe inapezeka kuti ili bwino kusiyana ndi mankhwala kapena ndondomeko ya panthawiyo, manambala amasonyeza kuti anthu ambiri, pochita nawo mayesero a zamankhwala, anali ndi mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opulumutsa moyo asanapezeke kwa anthu onse.
Kuwerenganso Kwambiri pa Zilinga Zachidziwitso:
> Zotsatira:
> American Society of Clinical Oncology. Cancer.Net. Miyeso ya Zoyesedwa. Kusinthidwa 12/2015. http://www.cancer.net/navigating-cancer-care/how-cancer-treated/clinical-trials/phases-clinical-trials