Mankhwala osanthula kapena kufufuza ndi mankhwala omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito poyesera kapena kufufuza. Izi zikutanthauza kuti iwo akuphunziridwa ndi kuyesedwa kuti awone momwe amagwirira ntchito komanso zotsatira zake zomwe zingawononge. Koma kodi muyenera kudziwa chiyani ngati mukuganizira mankhwala osokoneza bongo? Ndani angachiritsidwe ndi mankhwalawa komanso zotsatira zake ndi mankhwala otani?
Mwachidule
Mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi mankhwala omwe apita kuyesedwa koyamba mu labu (ndipo kawirikawiri pa nyama) kuti aperekedwe kwa anthu koma sanalandire chilolezo ndi FDA (Food and Drug Administration).
Mankhwalawa amadziwikanso ngati "mankhwala ofufuzira." Popeza kuti sanakwaniritsidwe ndi FDA, sangathe kugulitsidwa ndi kugulitsidwa. Ndi zochepa zochepa, monga mwayi wowonjezera ndi zosiyana (kugwiritsa ntchito chifundo ), njira yowonjezera yogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala oyesera ndi kutenga nawo mbali muyeso wa mankhwala pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala.
Zingakhale zochititsa mantha poyamba ngati dokotala akulangiza mankhwala omwe akuyesedwa ngati "kuyesa," koma kumvetsa zomwe izi zikutanthawuza, ndi kukhala ndi mndandanda wa mafunso omwe angafunse, ndi othandiza kwambiri. Zingakuthandizenso kuchepetsa mantha anu kuzindikira kuti pali zongopeka zambiri zokhudzana ndi mayesero a zachipatala koma mankhwala omwe tili nawo omwe avomerezedwa kale anali ngati mankhwala oyesera.
Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo Osiyanasiyana
Si mankhwala onse oyesera omwe adawerengedwa mofanana. Zina zimangoyamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa anthu, ndipo zina zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo zikuyandikira kuvomereza kwa FDA. Gawo losiyana la mayesero a zachipatala ali ndi zolinga zosiyana ndipo limasiyanasiyana ndi chiwerengero cha anthu omwe amachiritsidwa.
Mankhwala asanayesedwe kwa anthu, nthawi zambiri amayesedwa pa maselo a khansa kapena minofu ina mububu, komanso m'matumba a laboratory. Maphunziro oyambirira omwe anachitidwa pa anthu ndi mayesero oyamba. Pali anthu ochepa chabe m'mayesero awa. Cholinga cha mayesero akale kwambiri ndicho kudziwa ngati mankhwala oyesera ali otetezeka kwa anthu ndikudziŵa kuti mlingo uli woyenera kwambiri.
Mlingo wotsatira wa kuyesedwa ndiyesero lachiwiri. Mayeserowa akuphatikizapo anthu ambiri ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kufufuza ngati mankhwalawa ndi othandiza. Popeza chiwerengero chachikulu cha anthu alipo mu maphunzirowa, zowonjezereka zimapezekanso za chitetezo.
Gawo lotsiriza la kafukufuku pamaso pa FDA kuvomerezedwa ndi yesero lachitatu. Pamene adayesanso chitetezo, mayeserowa amachitidwa kuti awone ngati mankhwala atsopanowa ndi othandiza kwambiri kusiyana ndi mankhwala omwe alipo panopa kapena ngati ali othandiza koma ali ndi zotsatira zochepa kuposa mankhwala ena omwe alipo.
Ndani Angagwiritse Ntchito Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo?
Njira yowonjezera kwambiri yogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osayesayesa ndiyo kulembetsa ndi kutenga nawo mbali mu mayesero a zachipatala omwe akuwerenga mankhwalawa. Kulowa mayesero a zachipatala muyenera kukwaniritsa mndandanda wa zofunikira zomwe ochita kafukufuku amakupatsani. Zotsatirazi zingaphatikizepo zinthu monga chiwerewere, zaka, machitidwe , ndi zina zambiri, choncho sikuti aliyense amene angapindule adzavomerezedwa.
Mankhwala amodzi nthawi zina amapezeka kunja kwa mayesero a zamankhwala, koma zoyenera kutsatiridwa ziyenera kukumana kuti zikhale zoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito. Izi zikuphatikizapo:
- Chithandizo choyenera cha matenda anu chiyenera kulephera.
- Inu simukuloledwa kuti mutengepo mbali mu mayesero a chipatala kufufuza mankhwala.
- Pakuyenera kukhala palibe mankhwala ena omwe alipo.
- Mankhwalawa ayenera kuti adawonetsa zochitika zina motsutsana ndi khansa yanu mu maphunziro mpaka lero.
- Phindu logwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa liyenera kupitirira zoopsa zilizonse zogwiritsira ntchito mankhwalawa.
Kuphatikiza apo:
- Payenera kukhala pali umboni wakuti mankhwalawa adzakhala opindulitsa kwa inu.
- Mankhwalawa ayenera kuperekedwa mosamala kunja kwa ndondomeko ya mayesero a zamankhwala.
- Payenera kukhala ndi zokwanira za mankhwala omwe alipo kwa anthu omwe ali mbali ya mayesero opatsirana.
Zochita ndi Zochita
Pali ubwino wambiri komanso zovuta kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Anthu ambiri amapeza kuti n'kothandiza kulembera izi pamapepala kuti athe kuziyeza mosamala. Zopindulitsa ndi zoyipa ndizo:
Ubwino:
- Mankhwala osokoneza bongo angakupatseni mwayi wodwala khansa imene mankhwala ena amalephera.
- Mankhwalawa akhoza kukhala ndi phindu limene mankhwala amasiku ano samapanga.
- Ofufuza angapeze zambiri zokhudzana ndi mankhwala omwe angathandize ena mtsogolo.
- Anthu ambiri omwe amapatsidwa mankhwala akuyesera ngati gawo la mayesero a zachipatala amatsatiridwa kwambiri ndi gulu lachipatala.
- Mankhwala omwe amalingaliridwa kuti akufufuza amaperekedwa kwaulere kwa anthu omwe akuyesera.
Kuipa:
- Mankhwalawa akhoza kukhala ndi zotsatira zoipa ( zotsatira zoipa ) omwe asayansi sanapezepo.
- Mankhwalawa sangakuthandizeni makamaka.
- Ngati phunziroli ndiyeso loyendetsa malo, simungadziwe ngati mukulandira mankhwala oyesera kapena placebo (cholemba: ochita kafukufuku akudziwitsani ngati izi zingatheke). Ndi mankhwala omwe amachititsa khansa kudwala malo otchedwa placebo amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosavuta, ndipo mankhwala atsopano amawayerekezera ndi mankhwala okalamba omwe amawasamalira. Izi zikutanthawuza kuti mudzalandira mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena mankhwala omwe mwatchulidwa kale omwe mungapangireko khansara yanu.
- Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kungathetse mwayi wanu wogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala ena kapena kuchita nawo mayesero ena.
Mafunso Ofunsani Ngati Mukuganizira Dokotala Woyesera
Ndizothandiza kubweretsa mndandanda wa mafunso omwe angawafunse ochita kafukufukuyo pofufuza mayesero a zachipatala, ndi kulembera ndemanga pamene mukufunsana. Mafunso oyenera kufunsa angaphatikizepo:
- Kodi mankhwalawa angandithandize bwanji?
- Ndi zotsatira zanji zomwe ndingathe kuziyembekezera?
- Ndani amalipira mankhwala ndi zowonongeka zilizonse ndikutsata?
- Ngati ndiganiza kuti ndisiye mankhwalawa, ndi chiti chomwe chiti chichitike (mthupi mwathu komanso pochita nawo chiyeso cha mankhwala?)
- Ndidzatenga mankhwalawa kufikira liti, ndipo phunzirolo lidzatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji?
- Kodi ndiyenera kupita kuchipatala, kapena kodi chithandizo chidzachitidwa ngati wodwalayo?
- Ndingadziwe bwanji ngati chithandizo chikugwira ntchito?
- Kodi ndizitani ngati ndikukhala ndi mafunso pamene ndikumwa mankhwalawa?
- Kodi alipo aliyense amene watenga mankhwala omwe ndingathe kuyankhula nawo?
Milandu yachipatala ndi Kuvomerezeka Kwadzidzidzi
Ngati mumasankha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, dokotala wanu adzakuchititsani kuti mukhale ndi fomu yoyenera . Izi ndi zofanana ndi zomwe anthu amasaina asanachite opaleshoni ndikuwonetsa kuti mumadziwa zoopsa zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi mankhwala.
Zotsatira:
> National Cancer Institute. Kupeza Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo.
> National Cancer Institute. Kodi Clinical Trials Ndi Chiyani?