Kuchita bwino ndikofunika pakusankha mankhwala opatsirana khansa
Kodi chikhalidwe ndi chiyani ndipo ndi chifukwa chiyani ndizofunika kwa anthu omwe ali ndi khansa? Mayesero ambiri a chipatala amafunika kukhala ndi machitidwe angapo asanazindikire ngati anthu ali oyenera. Nchifukwa chiani ichi chikuchitidwa?
Tanthauzo: Chikhalidwe Chakuchita
Kukhala ndi chiwerengero cha momwe munthu angakhalire ndi ntchito yamba tsiku ndi tsiku pamene akukhala ndi khansa.
Kumvetsetsa momwe munthu angapangire ndi chithandizo kumadalira mtundu wa khansa, siteji ya khansa, komanso thanzi labwino la munthu komanso kuthekera kusamalira.
Kufunika Koyesa Chikhalidwe Chakuchita
Mutha kudabwa kuti chifukwa chiyani wotsogola kapena wofufuza kafukufuku wa mankhwala akufunsa mafunso onsewa pa moyo wanu wa tsiku ndi tsiku. Mafunso awa akufunsidwa ngati njira yolingalira bwino momwe mukuchitira ndi ntchito zanu za tsiku ndi tsiku , kapena "ADLs". Poganizira ntchito izi dokotala akhoza kudziwa momwe "chikhalidwe chanu chikuyendera" ndipo muyeso wa momwe ntchito ikuyendera zingakhale zothandiza m'njira zambiri:
- Kuti mudziwe ngati munthu ali ndi thanzi labwino kuti athe kulekerera mankhwala monga chemotherapy , opaleshoni , kapena mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala . Ndi mankhwala onse a khansa, ndikofunika kufufuza zoopsa potsatira phindu la mankhwala. Mwachitsanzo, pangakhale nthawi pamene chemotherapy ikhoza kuchepetsa osati kuwonjezera chiyembekezo cha moyo.
- Monga njira zoyenera zoyesera zachipatala . Mayesero ambiri a zachipatala amafuna odwala kuti azikhala ndi moyo wabwino asanayese kafukufuku.
- Kupenda yankho la munthu pa mankhwala.
- Kuwona ngati / khansa ikupitilira bwanji.
- Kuti muyese kulingalira.
Makhalidwe Ochita
Miyeso iwiri yoyendetsera ntchito ikugwiritsidwa ntchito poyeza momwe anthu amakhalira ndi khansa: Njira ya East Co-operative Oncology (ECOG) / WHO, ndi chiwerengero cha performance cha Karnofsky.
Yoyamba ya izi zikuchitika pa 0 mpaka 5, ndipo yachiwiri pamlingo wa 0 mpaka 100. Zindikirani kuti masikelowa amasiyana ngati chiwerengero chochepa kapena chiwerengero chapamwamba chimatanthawuza bwino momwe angagwirire ntchito. Pogwira ntchito ya ECOG / WHO, mpikisano wabwino kwambiri, komabe ntchito ya Karnofsky ili ndi nambala yoyenera ndi 100.
ECOG / WHO
- 0: Ogwira ntchito mokwanira, palibe malamulo pazochitika. Machitidwe a 0 samatanthauza zoletsedwa chifukwa munthu akhoza kuchita zonse zomwe angathe kuchita asanadziwe.
- 1: Simungathe kuchita zinthu zovuta, koma ndikukhoza kugwira ntchito zapakhomo ndi ntchito zogona. Izi zikutanthawuza kuti simungathe kuchita ntchito yolemetsa koma mukhoza kuchita china chilichonse.
- 2: Amatha kuyenda ndikusamalira okha, koma sangathe kugwira ntchito. Ali pabedi maola oposa 50%. M'gulu lino, anthu satha kuchita ntchito iliyonse, kuphatikizapo ofesi ya ofesi.
- 3: Wokonzeka kugona kapena mpando woposa 50 peresenti ya maulendo odzuka.
- 4: Zowonongeka kwathunthu.Zomwe zimangokhala pa bedi kapena mpando. Sangathe kudzipangira nokha.
- 5: Imfa
Maonekedwe a Karnofsky
- 100: Zachibadwa, palibe zizindikiro, kapena umboni wa matenda
- 90: Zizindikiro zing'onozing'ono, koma zimatha kugwira ntchito zachizolowezi
- 80: Zizindikiro zina, ntchito yachibadwa imafuna khama
- 70: Sungathe kuchita zinthu zachizolowezi, koma wokhoza kusamalira nokha
- 60: Amafunikira nthawi zambiri kusamalira zosowa zambiri, kuthandizidwa nthawi zina ndi kudzikonda
- 50: Akusowa chithandizo chochuluka ndi kudzikonda, chithandizo chamankhwala nthawi zonse
- 40: olumala; amafunikira chisamaliro chapadera ndi thandizo
- 30: olumala kwambiri; chipatala
- 20: akudwala kwambiri; chithandizo chofunikira chofunikira chili chofunika
- 10: Akufa
- 0: Imfa
Zochitika pazochitika Zoyesedwa
Anthu ambiri amakhumudwitsidwa ndi zofuna za momwe ntchito ikuyendera m'mayesero a kachipatala.
Nchifukwa chiyani izi ziri zofunika kwambiri? Kodi sizimaphatikizapo anthu omwe angapindule?
Pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe ochita kafukufuku amagwiritsira ntchito momwe angagwiritsire ntchito kuti athe kulandira mayesero a zachipatala.
Chimodzi ndicho kuti zotsatira zawo "zibwezeretsedwe." Mwa kuyankhula kwina, ngati wofufuza wina angayesenso chiyeso chofanana, nkofunika kuyamba ndi anthu omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino.
Chifukwa china, komabe, ndi chofunikira kwa inu nokha. Polemba zochitika, madokotala amatha kuyang'anitsitsa mankhwala atsopano kuti awone ngati ali ndi zotsatira zolakwika pa chikhalidwe. Mwachitsanzo, ngati anthu adayankha mankhwala osokoneza bongo koma ayamba kukhala ndi chikhalidwe cha 0, chomwe chinagwera pa 2, madokotala amafunika kuganizira ngati zotsatira za mankhwalawa ndi zotsatila zabwino zomwe amapeza pochiza khansa.
Kumvetsetsa zambiri zokhudza mayesero
Pali nthano zambiri zokhudza mayesero a kliniki . Ndemanga yotchuka yokhudza "kukhala nkhumba" imatchulidwa mwachisawawa, komabe anthu ambiri sadziwa bwinobwino zomwe zochitika zachipatala zimaphatikizapo kapena kufunika kwake kufufuza za khansa. Zingathandizire kuzindikira kuti mankhwala onse a khansa amakhalapo-mankhwala onse ndi ndondomeko iliyonse-kamodzi kamagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha m'mayesero a kachipatala, ndipo panthawi imeneyo, anthu okhawo amene angayime kuti apindule ndi mayeserowa ndi omwe adayesedwa.
Kafukufuku wa khansa akusintha. Kwa zaka zambiri zidawoneka ngati zochuluka zafukufukuzi zinkayikidwa pa mayesero a gawo III . Mayeserowa ndi ofunika pamene akuyankha funsoli, "Kodi mankhwalawa amathandiza bwino kuposa mankhwala ena," koma panthawi yomweyi, zambiri zomwe zawoneka bwino zinali zochepa. Mankhwala atsopano angawonjezere kupulumuka ndi 10 peresenti. Mayesero ambiri akuchitidwa tsopano ndi mayesero a phase I. Mayeserowa amakhala ndi chiopsezo chachikulu pamene akuyankhidwa kuti ayankhe funso, "Kodi mankhwalawa ndi otetezeka," koma panthawi yomweyi akuyesera mankhwala omwe angapangitse kusintha kwakukulu pakupulumuka pogwiritsa ntchito njira zothandizira khansa yomwe ili yatsopano. Mankhwala monga mankhwala a immunotherapy ndi mankhwala opatsirana amapezeka nthawi zambiri.
Pansi pa Chikhalidwe Chakuchita
Anthu ambiri amakhumudwitsidwa ndi momwe ntchito ikugwiritsidwira ntchito monga momwe ntchito yotsikayi ingachepetsere omwe angakhale nawo mu mayesero a zachipatala. Pa nthawi yomweyo, izi ndizothandiza kwambiri kwa anthu omwe ali ndi khansa. Ndipotu, chomwe chimakhala chofunikira kwambiri kwa anthu kulimbana ndi matenda alionse ndi momwe chikhalidwe chimakhudzira momwe amatha kukhalira, kugwira ntchito, ndi kusangalala ndi moyo.
> Zotsatira:
> West, H., ndi J. Jin. Mmene Odwala Amakhalira ndi Khansa. JAMA Oncology . 2015. 1 (7): 998.