Kodi khansa yamapapu imakhala iti masiku ano? Talingalirani ku mayiko 10 apamwamba musanayambe kupita patsogolo, koma poyamba dzifunseni: "Nchifukwa chiyani izi ziri zofunika?"
Kuzindikira padziko lonse ndi chifukwa chimodzi choyang'ana khansara yamapapadziko lonse. Kodi zosowa zazikulu zili kuti?
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Kodi Khansa Yam'mimba Imakhala Yotani Kwambiri?Koma chifukwa china chofunikira kufunsa funsoli ndi chakuti imabutsa mafunso ena. Tikudziwa kuti kusuta kumayambitsa khansara, koma ndalama za kusuta ndi khansa yamapapu sizimayendetsa dziko lonse lapansi. Chifukwa chiyani? Nchifukwa chiyani pali kusiyana kotere pakati pa mayiko omwe ali ndi kansa ya m'mapapo yapamwamba kwambiri, ndi mlingo wa khansa ya m'mapapo mwa akazi?
Zomwe zimayambitsa kansa ya m'mapapo zimatchulidwanso pamwamba pa funsoli. Padziko lonse, 80 peresenti ya khansa ya m'mapapo mwa amuna imatchedwa kusuta, koma 50 peresenti ya khansa ya m'mapapo mwa akazi imakhudzana ndi kusuta. Kodi zimayambitsa khansa ya m'mapapo ndi 50% ya amayi, ndipo angadziwe izi, komanso njira zothandizira kuti zitha kuchitapo kanthu, zimapangitsa kusiyana kwa amayi ku United States? Pambuyo pa zonse, chifukwa chachikulu cha imfa zokhudzana ndi khansa kwa amayi ku US ndi khansa ya m'mapapo, osati khansa ya m'mawere. Ndipotu, pali amayi ambiri osasuta (osuta fodya ndi osuta kale) omwe amafa ku US chaka chilichonse kuchokera ku khansa ya m'mapapo, kusiyana ndi akazi-osasuta komanso osuta fodya-omwe amafa ndi khansa ya m'mawere.
Ndipo potsiriza, pamene tikuwona kuti anthu ambiri akulephera kudwala khansa ya m'mapapo kapena kuchepa mu chiwerengero cha anthu omwe ali ndi kansa ya m'mapapo ku US, chiŵerengero cha gulu limodzi chikukula: cha achinyamata, osasuta. Kodi kuyang'ana padziko lonse kungatithandize kuyankha funso limenelo?
Ngakhale kuti kusuta fodya kungatheke komanso kumakhudza kwambiri panyumba ndi m'madziwe, kuyang'ana padziko lapansi kumatikumbutsa kuti ntchito yathu yopewa kuteteza ndi kuyambitsanso mwamsanga, osati kuyankhula za chithandizo chamankhwala, sichikuchitika.
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Nambala 1 - Hungary (Denmark kwa Akazi)Hungary ili ndi khansa yaikulu yamapapo padziko lonse, pamene Denmark ali ndi khansa ya m'mapapo yapamwamba kwambiri mwa amayi. Hungary ikutsatira mchitidwe wa mayiko ambiri akummawa kwa Ulaya (kupatula ku Romania) momwe khansara yamapapu yakula ndikupitiriza kuwuka.
Hungary ndi chitsanzo chomwe khansa yosuta ndi mapapu imagwirizanirana. Monga momwe Hungary ali ndi khansa ya m'mapapo yapamapiri padziko lapansi, ili ndi imodzi mwa mitengo yabwino kwambiri yosuta fodya padziko lonse lapansi.
Komabe ngakhale kusuta ndiko chifukwa chodziwika bwino cha khansara yamapapo, monga ku Hungary, ndikofunika kulingalira zina zomwe zingayambitse. Kuika kwa asibesitosi ndi chinthu china choopsa ku Hungary, chomwe chimapangitsa kuti kansana ya mapapu isamangidwe koma kukula kwa mesothelioma yodandaula , yomwe imayamba mu mesothelium , nembanemba yomwe imafika m'mapapo.
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Nambala 2 - Serbia (Canada kwa Akazi)Dziko la Serbia liri ndi khansa yapamapiri yapamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse ndipo ili ndi dziko lomwe nthawi zonse limakhala ndi fodya kwambiri padziko lapansi.
Izi sizosadabwitsa kupatsidwa zomwe timadziwa za khansa ya m'mapapo ndi kusuta kuyambira 50 peresenti ya amuna (ndi 30 peresenti ya akazi) m'dzikoli amasuta. Palinso zinthu zina zopanda kusuta, komabe, zomwe zingapangitse malowa.
Kafukufuku wina apeza kuti kuchita maseŵera olimbitsa thupi kumachepetsa chiopsezo cha khansa ya m'mapapo, ndipo kafukufuku waposachedwapa amapeza kuti amuna 10 okha pa 100 alionse ku Serbia amachita zinthu zolimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse. Ku Serbia, 50 peresenti ya amuna ndi onenepa kwambiri, pomwe zakudya zabwino zimachepetsa chiopsezo cha khansa ya m'mapapo. Zakudya za lutein (sipinachi, broccoli) ndi lycopene (tomato ndi tomato sauces) zimawoneka kuti sizichepetsa chiopsezo cha khansa ya m'mapapo pomwe chakudya chokhala ndi mafuta ambiri chimawopsa. Kafukufuku adawonanso kuti kumwa mowa mwauchidakwa kungawononge vuto la khansa ya m'mapapo , ndipo 40 peresenti ya amuna a ku Serbian amamwa mowa tsiku ndi tsiku mu phunziro limodzi.
Chinthu china chimene chiyenera kuwerengedwera ndi kuchuluka kwa chiwerengero cha kufa kwa khansa ya m'mapapo pamene atapezeka. Ndili ndi mavuto azachuma ku Serbia m'zaka zaposachedwa, chithandizo chamankhwala sichingakhale chofanana ndi cha mayiko ena.
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Nambala 3 - Korea (United States for Women)Korea (Democratic Republic of Korea) ili ndi khansa yachitatu yamapapu yapamwamba kwambiri padziko lapansi. Pali chiyanjano chodziwika pakati pa khansa ya m'mapapo ndi kusuta ku Korea, ngakhale anthu ambiri adadabwa kumva za khansa yapamwamba ya m'mapapo mwa amayi ena a ku Asia ndi amayi ena a ku Ulaya, ngakhale kuti ndi osuta fodya. Zimaganiziridwa kuti kutuluka kwa mpweya wamkati mkati mwa mpweya wosabisala ndi kuphika fodya kumapangitsa ngozi ya khansa yapamwamba m'mayiko ena aku Asia. Kusuta kwachiwiri komweku kumawoneka kuti ndi vuto lalikulu la khansa ya m'mapapo ku Korea, ndi mayiko ena padziko lonse lapansi.
Kulowera kummawa kuchokera ku Korea kumachitika chinachake chomwe chinapangidwira monga khansara ya mapapo a Japan . Nchifukwa chiyani Amamuna ali ndi kansa ya m'mapapo yambiri ngakhale kuti anthu a ku Japan amasuta zambiri (pafupipafupi?) Pali ziphunzitso zambiri, ngakhale palibe amene akudziwa chifukwa chake izi ziri zoona. Zikhoza kukhalapo zochepa zogwiritsira ntchito khansa (zowononga khansa) zodya ndudu za ku Japan kuposa ndudu za ku America. Kapena mwina zinthu zachibadwa kapena zakudya zimabweretsa anthu a ku Japan kuti asamangokhalira kusuta fodya. Zilibe chifukwa chake, ichi ndi chikumbutso chabwino kuti khansara (khansa zonse) zimakhala ndi matenda ambiri, kutanthauza kuti zifukwa zingapo zimagwirira ntchito pamodzi kuti zisawononge kapena kupewa khansara.
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Number 4 - Macedonia (Korea ya Akazi)FYR Makedoniya ili ndi khansa ya 4 yapamwamba kwambiri ya m'mapapo padziko lapansi.
Kuwonjezera pa anthu ambiri osuta fodya ku Macedonia (pafupifupi 40 peresenti ya chiwerengero cha anthu,) ali ndi zaka zoyambirira kusuta fodya (pamene wina ayamba kusuta fodya) wakhala akuonedwa kuti ndizoopsa m'dziko lino.
Kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti kuwonjezera pa kuchuluka kwa ndudu za fodya, ndipo nthawi yaitali munthu akusuta, msinkhu womwe kusuta kumayambira kungawononge vuto la khansa ya m'mapapo. Izi zimakhala zomveka chifukwa iwo amene amayamba kusuta ali aang'ono amayamba kuchita zimenezi panthawi yokula ndi mapulumukidwe ofulumira. Kafukufuku wamagetsi athandizira mfundoyi, ndi umboni wa kusintha kwa thupi kwa DNA komwe kumayamba anthu osuta omwe amayamba chizoloŵezi chawo m'moyo wawo.
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Number 5 - Calendonia Yatsopano (Hungary kwa Akazi)Kuphatikiza pa kusuta fodya, kugwira ntchito kwa zinthu monga asibesitosi mu chifukwa chachikulu cha khansa ya m'mapapo ku New Caledonia. Ku United States, kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa ntchito kumaganiziridwa kuti kumapangitsa kuti 13 mpaka 29 peresenti ya khansa ya m'mapapo, ndipo izi zikhoza kusintha padziko lonse lapansi.
Kafukufuku apeza amuna a ku New Caledonia omwe amagwira ntchito monga madalaivala basi ndi galimoto (kutentha kwa dizilo) komanso omwe akupezeka pa zoyeretsa, feteleza zosakaniza, ndi fumbi lamunda ali ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha khansa ya m'mapapo.
New Caledonia, monga Hungary, ili ndi mchitidwe wambiri wa mesothelioma, womwe umagwirizanitsidwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito asbesito yamtundu wa madzi.
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Number 6 - Montenegro (The Netherlands for Women)Montenegro ili ndi khansa yachisanu ndi iwiri ya khansa yapadziko lonse ndipo imakhala ndi imodzi mwa anthu omwe amasuta fodya padziko lonse lapansi.
Maphunziro akuyang'ana pa khansa ya m'mapapo ku Montenegro amasonyeza mgwirizano woonekera pakati pa kusuta fodya ndi khansa ya m'mapapo. Kuchokera m'chaka cha 1976 mpaka chaka cha 2000, kuchuluka kwa kusuta fodya m'dzikoli kunakula ndi 98 peresenti. Panthawi yomweyi, chiwerengero cha khansa ya m'mapapo mwa amuna chiwirikiza kawiri, ndipo mwa akazi pafupifupi katatu.
Kuonjezerapo, mitundu ya khansa yamapapo yomwe yafala kwambiri ku Montenegro. Kuchokera mu 1997 mpaka 2001, kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa chiwerengero cha khungu kakang'ono ka carcinoma kunadziwika mwa amuna ndi akazi, pamene chiwerengero cha khansa yaing'ono ya m'mapapo ya m'mapapo inachepa. Ngakhale kuti kusuta kungapangitse kansalu yamapapu yamtundu uliwonse, imagwirizanitsa kwambiri ndi khansara yaing'ono yamapapu ya m'mapapo , ndi khansa ya m'mapapo yomwe imapezeka mu kusuta konse nthawi zambiri si khansa ya m'mapapo ya m'mapapo .
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Nambala 7 - Denmark (Iceland kwa Akazi)Denmark ili ndi khansa yachisanu ndi iwiri ya khansa yapadziko lonse. Chimodzi mwa izi ndi kansa ya m'mapapo yapamwamba, koma Denmark imakhalanso ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yosungiramo zolemba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti aphunzire bwino khansa m'dziko lino.
Denmark ndi chitsanzo chabwino cha momwe kusuta fodya kungapulumutsire miyoyo. Chiwerewere cha khansa ya m'mapapo chinafika ku Denmark mu 1985 ndipo tsopano chikugwera mwa amuna (ngakhale chikupitirizabe kukula mwa akazi.)
Kuphatikiza pa kusuta, pali mgwirizano waukulu pakati pa kuwonongeka kwa mpweya ndi khansa ya m'mapapo ku Denmark. Kuwonjezeka kwa kuwonongeka kwa mlengalenga, komanso njira zamsewu, zimagwirizanitsa ndi ngozi, pamene misewu yoyenda pamsewu wapafupi ndi ma oxides a nitrojeni sakuwoneka kuti akugwirizana ndi chiopsezo.
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Nambala 8 - United States of America (Ireland kwa Akazi)United States ili ndi kansa ya 8 yapamwamba kwambiri ya khansa padziko lonse, ndipo khansa ya m'mapapo mwa amuna ndi akazi ndiyo yomwe imayambitsa matenda a khansa.
Ndi kusuta fodya, chiwerewere cha khansa ya m'mapapo yayamba kuchepa mwa amuna ndipo akukwera pakati pa akazi.
Kuwonetsetsa khansa ya m'magazi kwa anthu omwe ali ovomerezedwa posachedwapa, ndipo akuganiza kuti kuyesa kungachepetse imfa (kansa ya imfa) ya khansa yamapapo ndi 20 peresenti ku United States.
Monga ndi madera ena a dziko lapansi, pali zifukwa zomwe zingasokoneze kusuta, ndipo aliyense amene ali ndi mapapo ali pangozi. Ngati simunasutepo, izi ndi zodabwitsa, koma onetsetsani kuti mwawona zomwe zimayambitsa khansa ya m'mapapo mwa osuta fodya kuti muwone ngati mungachepetse chiopsezo chanu.
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Number 9 - Poland (Norway kwa Akazi)Poland ili ndi kansa ya 9 yapamwamba kwambiri ya mapapu padziko lapansi, mlingo umene umagwirizanitsidwa kwambiri ndi kusuta. Mu 1990 anthu ankaganiza kuti 40 peresenti ya amuna a ku Poland anafa msanga chifukwa cha matenda okhudzana ndi fodya. Kuchuluka kwa kusuta kwatsika kuyambira nthawi imeneyo.
Kuopsa kwa khansa ya m'mapapo ku Akazi a Chipolishi ndi osiyana kwambiri, ndi mbiri ya banja ya khansa ya m'mapapo yomwe imathandiza kwambiri. Kwa amayi ku Poland, kukhala ndi chiwerengero choyamba cha khansa ya m'mapapo kumakhala ndi chiopsezo chachikulu kwambiri chokhalira ndi matendawa.
Zikuwonekeranso kuti akazi ku Poland (ndipo mwinamwake madera ena a dziko lapansi) amapezeka kwambiri ndi khansa ya fodya kusiyana ndi amuna. Akazi ku Poland amayamba kukhala ndi kansa ya m'mapapo ali aang'ono kusiyana ndi amuna komanso osuta fodya ndi zaka zingapo zosuta fodya. Amayi m'dzikoli amakhalanso ndi moyo wosakhala wosuta.
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Nambala 10 - Canada (United Kingdom for Women)Canada ili ndi khansa ya 10 yamapapu yotchuka kwambiri padziko lapansi, ndipo monga United States ndi chitsanzo cha momwe kusuta fodya kungapulumutse miyoyo. Komabe khansara ya m'mapapo ndi yomwe imayambitsa matenda a khansa ku amuna ndi akazi ku Canada.
Ndi chidziwitso chokhudzana ndi khansa ya m'mapapo ndi kusuta ndi kusuta fodya, zotsatira za khansa ya m'mapapo inayamba kuchepa m'ma 1980. Zaka zingapo kutsogolo kwa United States mukupita patsogolo, mlingo wa khansa ya m'mapapo ya amayi siinayambe kuyambira 2006.
> Zotsatira:
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