Zonse Zomwe Zilibe Zachilombo Zambiri Zomwe Zili M'kamwa
Khansara ya m'mapapo ya m'mapapo ya m'mapapo ndi khansa yamapapu yofala kwambiri, yomwe imawerengera 80 peresenti ya zotupazo. Kodi zizindikiro, mitundu, ndi zifukwa ndi ziti, ndipo izi ziyenera kuchitidwa bwanji? Kodi aliyense yemwe ali ndi kansalu yopanda khansa amatha kudziwa chiyani?
Mwachidule
Khansara yochepa ya sepulo yamapapo ndi khansa ya m'mapapo yofala kwambiri, ndipo mtundu wa khansara wamapapu umapezeka kwambiri mwa amayi, osasuta, komanso achinyamata.
Silikufalikira mofulumira ngati khansa yaing'ono yamapapu ya m'mapapo koma nthawi zambiri imapezeka ngati ili pamsinkhu wapamwamba. Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti ngakhale khansara yapamwamba yopanda maselo imakhala yosagwiritsidwa ntchito, imachiritsidwabe. Pakhala pali chitukuko chaposachedwapa pakuchiza khansa ya m'mapapo, ndipo chiwerengero cha kupulumuka chikukula pa magawo onse a matendawa.
Zimabweretsa chidwi kwa anthu ambiri kuti osuta fodya sangathe kupanga khansa ya m'mapapo. Ndipotu, anthu ambiri omwe amapanga khansa ya m'mapapo yopanda maselo lero ndi osuta fodya - iwo mwina anali osuta kale kapena osuta fodya. Mayi mmodzi mwa akazi asanu omwe amakhala ndi khansa ya m'mapapo sakhala akusuta. Ndipo ngakhale khansara yamapapu ikuchepa pakati pa anthu achikulire komanso amuna, ikukula mwachinyamata, makamaka achinyamata, osasuta.
Mitundu
Pali mitundu itatu yoyambirira ya khansa ya m'mapapo yopanda maselo. Izi zikuphatikizapo:
Adenocarcinoma
Adenocarcinoma ndiyo njira yowonjezereka kwambiri ya kansa ya kansa yamapapu yokhala ndi mapapo kwa 50 peresenti ya milandu ku United States.
Zomwe sizing'ono zing'onozing'ono zowononga khansa, izi ndi chotupa chomwe chimapezeka mwachinyamata, amayi, ndi anthu omwe sanasute konse. Mazira a adenocarcinoma amayamba kumadera akutali a mapapo, ndipo amatha kukula kwambiri asanazindikire. Popeza kuti zotupazi nthawi zambiri zimakhala kutali ndi mpweya, zizindikiro zomwe amadziwika bwino monga kukhwima sizofala.
Zizindikiro zoyambirira nthawi zambiri zimakhala zabodza, ndi kupuma pang'ono ndi ntchito, komanso matenda ambiri.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma M'mapula
Squamous cell carcinoma ya m'mapapo imakhala yofala koma tsopano imakhala pafupifupi 30 peresenti ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a maselo ku United States. Kawirikawiri imayambira m'mabopu amodzi, omwe amapezeka m'mapapu, ndipo amapezeka anthu atakhala ndi chifuwa chokhazikika, kutsokomola magazi, kapena kukhala ndi matenda opuma opuma (chifukwa cha kutsekedwa kwa airways). zinachititsa kuti kuchepa kwa khansa ya m'mapapo ya maselo komanso khungu la adenocarcinoma likhale lofala kwambiri popeza kuti poizoni amapindula kwambiri m'mapapo.
Large Cell Carcinoma M'mapula
Magulu akuluakulu a khansa amayamba kuchepa, amawerengera pafupifupi 10 peresenti ya khansa yaing'ono ya m'mapapo ya m'mapapo ku United States. Zimapezeka kumbali kwa mapapo ndikuyamba kukula mofulumira.
Zizindikiro
Ndikofunika kwambiri kudziwa za zizindikiro za khansa ya m'mapapo yopanda maselo. Kuyezetsa khansa ya m'magazi imapezeka kwa anthu omwe asuta, koma anthu ambiri amafunika kudalira kuti adziŵe matendawa kuti athe kupeza matendawa.
Zizindikiro za khansa yaing'ono yopanda maselo ingaphatikizepo:
- Chifuwa chosatha
- Kudula magazi
- Kupuma pang'ono, makamaka ndi ntchito
- Kupuma
- Kusokonezeka
- Matenda opatsirana omwe amatuluka m'mimba monga chibayo kapena bronchitis
- Kutaya kolemera kosayembekezeka
Kudziwa
Kupezeka kwa khansa ya m'mapapo yopanda maselo kungakhale kovuta, ndipo si zachilendo kuti poyamba anthu asadziwike ndi zina, monga asthma. Nazi zina mwa mayesero ndi njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga khansa ya m'mapapo .
Kusinthana
Khansara yaing'ono ya m'mapapo ya m'magazi imasweka mpaka magawo anayi, malinga ndi kukula kwa chotupacho komanso momwe ikufalikira.
Mukhoza kuphunzira zambiri za magawo a kansa yaing'ono ya m'mapapo ya m'mapapo ndi kanema ya TNM ya khansa ya m'mapapo , kapena kuphunzira zambiri za magawo ena m'nkhani izi:
Zimayambitsa
Kusuta ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zazikulu za khansa yaing'ono ya mapapo, koma pali zifukwa zina zofunika. Kuwonetsa radon m'nyumba mwathu ndiwotsatira wachiwiri wa khansa ya m'mapapo ndi chiwerengero chimodzi mwa anthu omwe sanasute fodya. Ngati simunayesepo nyumba yanu ya radon, chitani lero. Anthu ena amatha kukhala ndi chibadwa cha khansa yamapapu , ndipo ndizodabwitsa kuti ngati munthu ali ndi chiwindi chachikulu choyamba ndi khansa ya m'mapapo - mayi, bambo, mbale, kapena mwana - chiopsezo cha khansa ya m'mapapo kaŵirikaŵiri. Onetsetsani izi zodziwika bwino komanso zochepa zomwe zimayambitsa khansa ya m'mapapo .
Kuchiza
Mankhwala a khansara yamapapu amathyoledwa ndi siteji. Mankhwalawa angathe kuthetsedwa mu mitundu iwiri. Mankhwala am'deralo amachiza khansara kumene amachokera ndikuphatikiza opaleshoni ndi ma radiation. Mankhwala othandiza ndi mankhwala ambiri omwe amakhudza khansa kulikonse kumene kuli m'thupi ndipo amachititsa mankhwala a chemotherapy, mankhwala othandizira, ndi matenda a immunotherapy. Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi khansara yamapapo amalandira chithandizo ndi njira ziwirizi. Zotheka mankhwala angaphatikizepo:
Opaleshoni - Opaleshoni ya khansara yamapapu nthawi zina imapereka mpata wochiritsidwa kumayambiriro kwa matendawa. Kuonjezera apo, matenda ena omwe amayamba opaleshoni amatha kuchepa pambuyo pa mankhwala a chemotherapy kapena mankhwala odzoza mazira mpaka pamene opaleshoni ikhoza kuchitika. Mwamwayi, mankhwala akukula ngakhale kwa iwo omwe ali ndi kansa ya m'mapapo yopanda mphamvu.
Chemotherapy - Chemotherapy ikhoza kuchitidwa khansa ya m'mapapo yomwe yafalikira, kapena ngati "kulongosola" mankhwala kwa opaleshoni.
Mankhwala othandizira ma ARV - Mankhwalawa amatha kuperekedwa pamodzi ndi mankhwala a chemotherapy, ndipo akhoza kuchitidwa opaleshoni ya khansa yamapapo kapena isanafike. Mtundu wina wa mankhwala opangidwa ndi ma radiation wotchedwa stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) angagwiritsidwe ntchito pofuna kuchiritsa khansa ya m'mapapo kwa odwala omwe sangathe kuchitidwa opaleshoni ya khansa yowononga.
Zotsatira zochiritsidwa - Njira zochiritsira ndizo mankhwala omwe amakhudza zenizeni za kusintha kwa maselo a khansa omwe amachititsa kukula kwa zotupa. Malo amachiritso akukula mofulumira, ndi mankhwala ovomerezeka omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa omwe ali ndi kusintha kwa EGFR , ALK rearrangements , ROS1 rearrangements , komanso kusintha kwina kudzera m'mayesero a zachipatala.
Immunotherapy - Immunotherapy ndi njira yabwino yatsopano ya khansa ya m'mapapo , ndi mankhwala oyamba omwe amavomerezedwa mu 2015. Mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito mwa kuthandizira ma chitetezo a chitetezo cha mthupi kuti azindikire ndikuukira maselo a khansa.
Zilonda zachipatala - Malinga ndi National Cancer Institute, aliyense amene ali ndi khansa ya m'mapapo yopanda mapira ayenera kuganizira nawo mbali za mayesero. Phunzirani zambiri za kupeza mayesero a kansa ya kansa yamapapo .
Kuthamangitsani
Pali nambala yomwe imakamba za "nthawi" ya moyo wautali ndi magawo osiyanasiyana a khansara yamapapo, koma nkofunika kudziwa kuti izi ndi nambala - osati anthu. Aliyense ndi wosiyana ndipo amayankha mosiyana ndi mankhwala. Kuonjezerapo, nambala izi sizikuwongolera bwino momwe wina angachitire. Ziwerengero ndizoyeso za momwe wina adachitira kale ndi mankhwala omwe analipo panthawiyo. Zindikirani kuti pali mankhwala ena atsopano omwe amavomerezedwa ndi khansara yamapapo kuyambira nthawi ya 2011 mpaka 2015, kuposa nthawi ya zaka 40 zisanafike 2011. Mwachidule, manambala akufotokoza momwe munthu angapitirire ndi khansa ya m'mapapo mu 2010 mwina anganene pang'ono za momwe wina adzachita lero.
Thandizo ndi Kulimbana
Ngati mwatengedwa kumene ndi khansara yamapapo, mwinamwake mukuwopa kwambiri ndipo mukudandaula. Onani zotsatilazi pazochitika zoyamba kuti mutenge kansa ya m'mapapo .
Kafukufuku amatiuza kuti kuphunzira zambiri momwe mungathere ndi khansa kungakuthandizeni kuthana ndi vuto lanu bwino, ndipo kungakuthandizeni ndi zotsatira. Tengani kamphindi kuti mudziwe momwe mungapezere uthenga wabwino wa khansa pa intaneti . Kulumikizana ndi dera kumakhalanso ndi madalitso ambiri, momwe mungathe kugwirizanitsa ndi ena omwe akukumana ndi vuto lomwelo, komanso kuphunzira zomwe aphunzira panjira. Onetsetsani magulu othandizirawa pa intaneti ndi magulu othandizira .
Ngati Wokondedwa Wanu Wadziwika ndi Khansara Yam'mimba
Palibe amene akudwala matenda a khansa, ndipo anthu ena omwe ali ndi khansara yamapapu amandiuza kuti amavutika kwambiri ndi okondedwa awo. Kuphatikiza pa mantha, mungamve kuti mulibe mphamvu. Onani nkhaniyi pamene wokondedwa wanu ali ndi kansa ya m'mapapo kuti aphunzire za anthu ena omwe ali ndi khansara yamapapo amafuna kuti okondedwa awo adziwe. Ngakhale kuli kofunika mutatha kupeza matenda kuti muwonekere pa wokondedwa wanu, onetsetsani kuti muzisamalira nokha ngati wodwala khansa. Kulimbana ndi khansa ya m'mapapo ndi mpikisano wothamanga.
Zida:
American Cancer Society. Khansa Yam'mimba (Cell Osati Small. 04/30/2014. http://www.cancer.org/cancer/lungcancer-non-smallcell/detailedguide/non-small-cell-lung-cancer-survival-rates
National Institute of Health. Medline Plus. Khansa Yam'mimba. Kusinthidwa 08/08/16. https://medlineplus.gov/lungcancer.html
College of American Pathologists. Khansa Yam'mimba. Malungo a Adenocarcinoma. Inapezeka 10/30/12. http://www.cap.org/apps/docs/reference/myBiopsy/lung_adenocarcinoma.html.