Zizindikiro, Kuchiza, ndi Kugonana kwa Khansa Yaikulu Yam'mimba
Kachilombo kakang'ono ka mapapu ndi mawonekedwe a kansa yaing'ono yopanda maselo . Zachilombo zazing'onoting'ono za m'mapapo za khansa zimawerengera 80 peresenti ya khansa ya m'mapapo, ndipo mwa izi, pafupifupi 10 peresenti ndilo lalikulu cell carcinoma ya mapapo.
Mwachidule
Magulu akuluakulu a khansa amatchedwanso kuti khansa yaikulu yamapapo ya m'mapapo. Iwo amatchulidwa kuti maonekedwe aakulu a maselo ozungulira atayang'aniridwa ndi microscope, ngakhale kuti zotupazo zimakhala zazikulu komanso zikapezeka.
Mankhwala a khungu ambiri amapezeka m'madera akutali a m'mapapo, ndipo amayamba kukula mofulumira komanso kufalikira mofulumira kuposa mitundu ina ya khansa ya m'mapapo yopanda maselo.
Zizindikiro
Chifukwa chakuti khungu lalikulu za khansa zimayambira kumbali ya m'mapapo, zizindikiro zodziwika bwino za khansa ya m'mapapo, monga chifuwa chachikulu ndi kukhwima magazi , zimakhala zochepa mpaka patapita nthawi. Kumayambiriro kwa khungu lalikulu za khansa zomwe zingasamalidwe zingaphatikizepo kutopa, kupuma pang'ono , kapena kupweteka kumbuyo , paphewa , kapena chifuwa. Anthu ambiri amadziwa kuti zizindikiro zoyambazo ndizobisika komanso zodziwika, mwachitsanzo, amakhulupirira kuti zizindikiro zawo za kupuma pang'ono ndi masitepe akukwera zikugwirizana ndi kupeza mapaundi pang'ono kapena kukhala ochepa zaka, osati kukhala chizindikiro cha khansa ya m'mapapo.
Popeza magulu akuluakulu a khungu amapezeka m'madera akutali a m'mapapo, amatha kuyambitsa madziwa pakati pa mapepala omwe amachititsa mapapu (pleural effusions) ndikuukira khoma la chifuwa.
Izi zingachititse kupweteka mu chifuwa kapena mbali zomwe zimapweteka ndi mpweya waukulu.
Magulu akuluakulu a khansa angathenso kutulutsa timadzi ta timadzi timene timayambitsa matenda omwe amatchedwa matenda a paraneoplastic . Amuna, zinthu zimenezi zingayambitse mawere, zomwe zimadziwika kuti gynecomastia.
Kudziwa
Magulu akuluakulu a m'mapapo m'mapapo nthawi zambiri amawoneka ngati zovuta zinawoneka mu X-ray.
Kuonjezera kwina kungaphatikizepo:
- Chifuwa chachikulu cha CT
- Bronchoscopy
- Kufufuza kwa PET - mayesero okonzedwa kuti ayang'ane zotupa mwamphamvu
Malingana ndi zotsatira, dokotala wanu nthawi zambiri amafuna kupeza chinyama cha minofu kuti atsimikizire kuti akudwala matendawa ndipo adzayesa mayeso ena kuti awone ngati khansa yanu yafalikira. Phokoso la mapapu kuti azindikire khansara yamapapo ingachitike mwa njira zingapo kuchokera ku chingwe chabwino cha singano, mpaka kumapeto kwa chiwombankhanga chotchedwa bronchoscopy, kupita ku mapaipi otseguka.
Miyendo
Khungu lalikulu la carcinoma lasweka mu magawo anayi :
- Gawo 1 - Khansara imapezeka mkati mwa mapapo ndipo sinafalikira ku maselo amodzi .
- Gawo lachiwiri - Khansara yayamba kufalikira kumapapo, kapena m'madera ena a bronchus .
- Gawo 3 - Khansara yayamba kufalikira ku minofu pafupi ndi mapapo.
- Gawo lachinayi - Khansara yayamba kufalikira (gawo) la thupi.
Zimayambitsa
Magulu akuluakulu a mapapu amakhala okhudzana kwambiri ndi kusuta kusiyana ndi mitundu ina ya tizilombo toyambitsa khansa, koma zifukwa zina zingathe kuthandizira monga zowononga zachilengedwe , kusuta fodya , ntchito zomwe zimayambitsa ntchito , ndi majini .
Kuchiza
Malingana ndi siteji, mankhwala opangidwa ndi maselo akuluakulu a m'mapapo angaphatikize opaleshoni, chemotherapy, mankhwala a radiation, kapena kuphatikiza izi.
Mayesero ambiri a zachipatala akupitiriza kufunafuna njira zatsopano zothandizira khansa ya m'mapapo, komanso kuthandizira kusankha njira zothandizira mankhwala.
Pamene maselo akuluakulu a khungu amagwidwa kumayambiriro oyambirira , opaleshoni ikhoza kupereka mpata wochiritsidwa.
Chemotherapy ingagwiritsidwe ntchito yokha, pothandizira ndi mankhwala a radiation, kapena opaleshoni yotsatira khansara yamapapo. Zitsanzo za mankhwala otchedwa chemotherapy omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi lalikulu carcinomas ndi Altima (pemetrexed) ndi Platinol (cisplatin).
Zotsatira Zothandizira
Njira zochiritsira ndizo mankhwala omwe apangidwa kuti athetse khansa makamaka. Chifukwa chakuti amagwira ntchito polimbana ndi mapuloteni pa maselo a kansa , kapena maselo omwe amakhala "atengedwa" ndi chotupa pofuna kuyesetsa, akhoza kukhala ndi zotsatira zochepa kuposa mankhwala amtundu wa mankhwala.
Zitsanzo za mankhwala ochiritsira omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi Tarceva (erlotinib) ndi Iressa (gefitinib).
Mankhwalawa angagwiritsidwe ntchito pochiza khansa yamapapo kapena kuchepetsa zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi kufalikira kwa khansa .
Immunotherapy ndi gawo latsopano losangalatsa la chithandizo cha khansa yamapapo lomwe lachititsa kuti anthu ena athetse matendawa kwa nthawi yaitali.
Kuthamangitsani
Mtengo wa khansa ya m'mapapo ya zaka zisanu ndizosautsa pa 18 peresenti. Kwa omwe amapezeka m'zaka zoyambirira za matendawa, zizindikirozi ndi zabwino kwambiri. Khungu lina lalikulu la celcinoma, lalikulu maselo a neuroendocrine carcinoma, ali ndi vuto losauka kwambiri kuposa lalikulu cell carcinoma.
Kulimbana
Kuzindikira khansa ya m'mapapo kukuwopsya ndipo mumakhala wokha. Lolani okondedwa anu kuti akuthandizeni. Anthu ambiri sadziwa momwe angachitire kwa munthu yemwe amapezeka ndi khansa. Kulolera anthu kudziwa zinthu zomwe angathe kuchita kuti athe kuwathandiza kungachepetse nkhaŵa zawo, komanso kukuthandizani kupeza thandizo lina panthawiyi.
Funsani mafunso . Phunzirani zambiri momwe mungathere. Ganizirani kulowetsa gulu la chithandizo cha khansa yamapapo kudzera mu malo anu opatsirana khansa kapena pa intaneti. Ndipo khalani owona kwa inueni. Ziribe kanthu zomwe ena adziwona kapena kuyamikira, ndi okhawo amene mukudziwa zomwe zingakuchitireni zabwino.
> Zotsatira:
> National Cancer Institute. Mankhwala Osakaniza Amtundu wa Khansa Yowopsa Kwambiri (PDQ). https://www.cancer.gov/types/lung/hp/non-small-cell-lung-treatment-pdq
> Nyamakazi, S. Zochiritso Zamakono Ndiponso Zowonongeka kwa Odwala Amene Ali ndi Matenda Osakanikirana Ndi Aang'ono Osagwira Ntchito. Magazini ya American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy . 2010. 67 (1 Suppl 1): S9-14.