Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis ( IPF ) si mankhwala, koma ndi ochiritsira. Mwamwayi, mankhwala atsopano avomerezedwa kuyambira 2014 omwe akupanga kusiyana kwa zizindikiro , umoyo wa moyo , ndi chitukuko cha anthu omwe ali ndi matendawa. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito posachedwapa akhala akuyambitsa mavuto kuposa abwino kwa anthu ena omwe ali ndi IPF.
Ngati mwapezeka kuti muli ndi matendawa, onetsetsani kuti musataye mtima chifukwa cha zambiri.
Zolinga za Chithandizo cha Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Kuwonongeka komwe kwachitika mu IPF ndiko kutanthauzira kosasinthika; fibrosis (scarring) yomwe yachitika siingathe kuchiritsidwa. Choncho, zolinga za mankhwala ndi:
- Pewani kuwonongeka kwa mapapo. Popeza chifukwa chachikulu cha IPF ndi kuwonongeka kumatsatira machiritso osachiritsika, chithandizo chimayendetsedwa pa njirazi.
- Kupititsa patsogolo kupuma kupuma.
- Kuwonjezera ntchito ndi khalidwe la moyo.
Popeza IPF ndi matenda osazolowereka, n'kopindulitsa ngati odwala angasamalire kuchipatala chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa matenda opatsirana pogonana komanso m'mapapo. Katswiri wamakono ali ndi chidziwitso chaposachedwapa cha njira zomwe angapeze chithandizo ndipo akhoza kukuthandizani kusankha imodzi yomwe ili yabwino kwa vuto lanuli.
Mankhwala a Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
Mu October wa 2014, mankhwala awiri adayamba kukhala ovomerezeka ndi FDA makamaka pofuna kuchiza matenda a idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Mankhwalawa, pirfenidone ndi nintedanib, amatha kukhala ndi mapuloteni otchedwa tyrosine kinase ndipo amagwira ntchito pochepetsa fibrosis (antitifibrotics).
Zosavuta kwambiri, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a tyrosine kinase zimayambitsa kukula kwa zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa fibrosis, motero mankhwalawa amachititsa kuti michere yambiri ikhale yowonjezera.
Mankhwalawa adapezeka kuti ali ndi mapindu angapo:
- Anachepetsa matenda opatsirana ndi theka pakati pa chaka. Odwala anatenga mankhwalawa (tsopano akuwerengedwa nthawi yaitali).
- Amachepetsa kuchepa kwa ntchito m'mapapo (kuchepa kwa FVC kumachepera) ndi theka.
- Zimabweretsa zochepa zochepa za matendawa.
- Odwala kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa anali ndi moyo wabwino wathanzi.
Mankhwalawa amavomerezedwa bwino, omwe ndi ofunika kwambiri kwa matenda opitirira popanda chithandizo; chizindikiro chofala kwambiri kuposa kutsekula m'mimba.
N-Acetylcysteine
M'mbuyomu n-acetylcysteine nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza IPF, koma kafukufuku waposachedwa sanapeze kuti izi zikugwira ntchito. Pamene zowonongeka zikuwoneka kuti anthu omwe ali ndi mitundu ina ya jini angapindule pa mankhwala, pamene iwo omwe ali ndi mtundu wina wa jini (wina wotsala) akuvulazidwa ndi mankhwala.
Proton Pump Inhibitors
Chochititsa chidwi ndi kafukufuku wina wopangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito esomeprazole, proton pump inhibitor , pa maselo amapapu mu labu ndi makoswe. Mankhwalawa, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza matenda a reflux a gastroesophageal, amachititsa kuwonjezeka kupulumuka m'maselo a m'mapapo ndi makoswe. Popeza GERD ndi yowonjezereka kwa IPF, zimaganizidwa kuti asidi ochokera m'mimba omwe amafuna kukhala m'mapapo angakhale mbali ya mapulogalamu a IPF.
Ngakhale izi siziyenera kuyesedwa kwa anthu, ndithudi chithandizo cha GERD chosatha kwa anthu omwe ali ndi IPF chiyenera kuganiziridwa.
Opaleshoni Yokonza Mapira
Kugwiritsa ntchito mapiritsi awiri kapena osakwatira m'mapapo monga mankhwala kwa IPF wakhala akuwonjezeka mofulumira pazaka 15 zapitazo ndipo akuimira gulu lalikulu la anthu akudikirira mapapu a ku mapapu ku United States. Icho chimakhala ndi chiopsezo chachikulu koma ndi chithandizo chokha chomwe chimadziwika pa nthawi ino kuti chikulitse chiyembekezo cha moyo.
Pakali pano, kupulumuka kwapakatikati (nthawi yomwe theka la anthu anamwalira ndi theka liripobe) ndi zaka 4.5 zokhala ndi kusuntha, ngakhale kuti kupulumuka kwabwino kwakhala bwino panthawi imeneyo pamene mankhwala akukula kwambiri.
Zomwe zimapulumuka ndizowonjezereka kusiyana ndi kukweza mapapu, komabe amaganiza kuti izi zikugwirizana ndi zinthu zina osati kuziyika, monga momwe anthu omwe anali ndi mapapu amodzi kapena awiri.
Thandizo Lothandizira
Popeza IPF ndi matenda opitirira, chithandizo chothandizira kutsimikizira kuti moyo wabwino ndi wotheka ndi wofunika kwambiri. Zina mwa izi ndi izi:
- Kusamalira mavuto amodzimodzi.
- Kuchiza kwa zizindikiro.
- Kuwombera ndi chibayo kukuwombera kuti muteteze matenda.
- Kukonzekera kwaulendo .
- Mankhwala oxygen - Anthu ena amakayikira kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya chifukwa cha manyazi, koma zingakhale zothandiza kwa anthu ena omwe ali ndi IPF. Ndithudi, zimapangitsa kupuma kukhala kosavuta komanso kumathandiza anthu omwe ali ndi matenda kukhala ndi moyo wabwino, komanso amachepetsa mavuto okhudzana ndi mpweya wabwino m'magazi komanso amachepetsa kupatsirana kwa magazi (kuthamanga kwa magazi m'mitsempha yomwe imayenda pakati pa dzanja lamanja la mtima ndi mapapo).
Zochitika Zomwe Zimakhalapo Ndi Mavuto
Zovuta zambiri ndizofala kwa anthu okhala ndi IPF. Izi zikuphatikizapo:
- Kugonana ndi mpweya
- Matenda a reflux a Gastroesophageal (GERD)
- Kuchepetsa matenda oopsa - Kuthamanga kwa magazi m'mitsempha ya mapapo kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kukankhira mwazi mitsempha ya m'magazi yomwe imadutsa m'mapapo, choncho mbali yowongoka ya mtima (kumanja ndi kumanzere kwa ventricle) iyenera kugwira ntchito mwakhama.
- Kusokonezeka maganizo
- Khansara Yam'mimba - Pafupifupi 10 peresenti ya anthu omwe ali ndi IPF amakhala khansara yamapapo
Mukapeza kuti muli ndi IPF , muyenera kukambirana za mavutowa ndi dokotala wanu ndikukonzekera momwe mungathetsere kapena kuwateteza.
Magulu Othandizira pa Intaneti ndi Madera
Palibe chinthu chofanana ndi kuyankhula ndi munthu wina yemwe akulimbana ndi matenda ngati inu. Komabe, popeza IPF ndi yachilendo, mwina palibe gulu lothandizira m'deralo. Ngati mukulandira chithandizo kuchipatala chomwe chimagwirizana kwambiri ndi IPF, pakhoza kukhala magulu othandizira omwe akupezekapo kudzera kuchipatala chanu.
Kwa iwo omwe alibe gulu lothandizira monga izi-zomwe zikutanthauza kuti anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi magulu othandizira pa IPF ndi midzi ndi njira yabwino. Kuwonjezera apo, awa ndi ammudzi omwe mungathe kupeza masiku asanu ndi awiri pa sabata, maola 24 pa tsiku pamene mukufunika kumakhudza ndi munthu wina.
Magulu othandizira ali othandizira kubwereketsa chithandizo chamaganizo kwa anthu ambiri komanso ndi njira yowonjezeretsa zomwe zapeza posachedwapa ndi mankhwala a matendawa. Zitsanzo za zomwe mungathe kujowina ndizo:
- Fulrosary Fibrosis Foundation
- Momwe Mungakhalire Omwe Amagwira Pulmonary Fibrosis Community
- OdwalaMudzi wa Pulmonary Fibrosis
Mawu Ochokera
Mafupa a idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis amasiyana kwambiri, ndi anthu ena omwe ali ndi matenda ofulumira kwambiri, ndi ena omwe amakhalabe olimba kwa zaka zambiri. N'zovuta kufotokoza zomwe zidzakhale ndi wodwala aliyense. Kuchuluka kwa moyo wapakati kunali zaka 3.3 mu 2007 poyerekeza ndi zaka 3.8 mu 2011. Kafukufuku wina anapeza kuti anthu a zaka 65 ndi apakati anakhala ndi nthawi yaitali ndi IPF mu 2011 kuposa momwe analili mu 2001.
Ngakhalenso popanda mankhwala omwe angobvomerezedwa, chisamaliro chikuwoneka chikukula. Musadalire pazomwe mungaphunzire kale, zomwe zingakhale zosakhalitsa. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za zomwe mwasankha apa ndipo zomwe zili zabwino kwa inu.
Zotsatira:
Antoniou, K., Tomassetti, S., Tsitoura, E., ndi C. Vancheri. Khansara ya Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis ndi mapapo: kachipatala ndi ma pathogenesis. Malingaliro enieni mu Pulmonary Medicine . 2015 Sep 18. (Epub patsogolo pa kusindikiza).
de Boer, K., ndi J. Lee. Zomwe zimadziwika kuti zimakhala zovuta kwambiri m'maganizo a pulmonary fibrosis: ndemanga. Respirology . 2015 Sep 13. (Epub patsogolo pa kusindikiza).
O'Riordan, T., Smith, V., ndi G. Raghu. Kukula kwa Novel Agents kwa Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Kupititsa patsogolo pakufuna kusankha ndi kuyerekezera mayeso. Chifuwa . 2015 May 8. (Epub patsogolo pa kusindikiza).
Raghu, G. et al. Kuzindikira matenda a mpweya woipa wa mankhwala odwala matenda oopsa ndi odwala omwe ali ndi kachilombo kochepa kapena kosatsimikiziridwa kowonjezereka kowonongeka: kuyesedwa kwachiwiri kwa mayesero osasinthika ndi olamulidwa. Lancet Respiratory Medicine . 2014. 2 (4): 277-84.
Spagnolo, P., Maher, T., ndi L. Richeldi. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Zotsatira zamakono za mankhwala opatsirana mankhwala. Pharmacology & Therapeutics . 2015. 152: 18-27.