Kuchita opaleshoni monga Chithandizo cha Mankhwala Ochepetsa Khansa
Opaleshoni ya khansara yamapapu ikhoza kukhala yathanzi ikagwidwa pamayambiriro oyambirira. Kumvetsetsa pamene opaleshoni ikugwira bwino ntchito, ndi njira zotani zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo zomwe zimaphatikizapo zingakuthandizeni kukambirana ndi gulu lanu la chisamaliro cha khansa kaya izi ndi zabwino kwambiri kwa inu.
Mwachidule
Pakukambirana za njira za chithandizo cha kansa ya m'mapapo, ndibwino kuti poyamba mulekanitse mankhwalawa m'magulu awiri: mankhwala am'deralo komanso mankhwala ochizira.
Mankhwala am'deralo amatenga maselo a khansa (zotupa) kumene amachokera koma samachiza maselo omwe afalikira ku chotupa choyambirira. Mankhwala onse opaleshoni ndi ma radiation ndi mankhwala am'deralo. Mankhwala othandiza , mosiyana, amachititsa maselo a khansa kulikonse kumene iwo amakhalapo m'thupi osati pa malo pomwe chotupacho chinayamba. Chemotherapy, mankhwala ochiritsira, ndi immunotherapy amaonedwa kuti ndi ochiritsira.
Kusankha Ngati Opaleshoni Ndi Yoyenera kwa Inu
Zinthu zambiri zimaganiziridwa ngati mukuganiza ngati opaleshoni ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yothandizira khansa ya m'mapapo. Izi zikuphatikizapo:
- Mtundu wa khansara yamapapu - Opaleshoni imachitika kawirikawiri ngati chithandizo cha khansa ya m'mapapo yopanda maselo . Popeza khansara yaing'ono yamapapu ya m'mapapo imafalikira mofulumira, opaleshoni nthawi zambiri siigwira ntchito kupatulapo zikopa zochepa kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri zimachiritsidwa bwino ndi chemotherapy ndi / kapena mankhwala. (Nkhani yotsatira ikulongosola zotsatila ndi kulongosola kwa opaleshoni ya khansa yaing'ono ya m'mapapo ya maselo .)
- Gawo la khansa ya m'mapapo - Gawo la kansa ya m'mapapo ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri kuziganizira pakuganizira za opaleshoni. Kuchita opaleshoni kumapindulitsa kwambiri kwa omwe ali ndi siteji 1 , siteji yachiwiri , ndi siteji ya 3A yopanda khansa ya m'mapapo. Khwerero 3B ndi khansa yachinayi nthawi zambiri imathandizidwa ndi kuphatikiza ma radiation ndi chemotherapy . Ndi magawo 1B mpaka 3A khansa, opaleshoni nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi chemotherapy ndi / kapena radiation (adjuvant chemotherapy.)
- Malo a khansara - Ngati chotupa chiri pafupi ndi chiwalo chofunika, monga mtima, mankhwala ena osati opaleshoni angaoneke ngati otetezeka mosasamala kanthu pa siteji. Nthawi zina chemotherapy ndi / kapena ma radiation amaperekedwa asanachitidwe opaleshoni kuti athe kuchepetsa kukula kwake kwa chotupa ndi kuchititsanso kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito. Izi zimatchedwa neoadjuvantrapy.
- Ntchito Yathanzi / Mapapo Ambiri - Mkhalidwe wanu wathanzi, matenda ena, ndi mapapo amatha kuzindikira ngati opaleshoniyo ndi yotetezeka kwa inu. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, mtundu wina wa mankhwala a radiation (stereotactic body radiotherapy, wodziwika ndi dzina lakuti cyber mpeni) wapezeka wothandiza pakuchiza ziwalo zochepa zomwe zimavuta kuchita opaleshoni chifukwa cha malo awo.
Chimene Chimachitika Zisanachitike Opaleshoni
Asanatere opaleshoni amaonedwa kuti wanu wa oncologist adzafunika kutsimikizira kuti matenda a khansa ya m'mapapo ndi yotani, kuyeza mayesero kuti mudziwe siteji ya khansa yanu, ndikuyesa ngati opaleshoni ingatheke malinga ndi malo a chotupacho. Mudzapatsidwa mayeso a thupi kuti muwone za thanzi lanu lonse, ndi mayeso a mapapo adzachitidwa kuti mutsimikizire kuti muli ndi thanzi labwino kuti mupite opaleshoni ndikupuma bwino.
Mitundu Yosiyanasiyana ya Opaleshoni
Mitundu itatu yaikulu ya opaleshoni yachitidwa ikuchotsa khansa yamapapo.
Izi zimasiyana ndi kuchotsa minofu ya khansa ndi minofu yomwe ili pafupi, kuthetsa kuchotsa mapapo, malingana ndi kukula ndi malo a chotupacho. Izi ndi:
- Kugulitsa resection (gawo limodzi) - Mphepeteti wothandizira khansa ya m'mapapo imaphatikizapo kuchotsa mbali imodzi yamapapo yomwe imaphatikizapo chotupa ndi ziwalo zina zozungulira. Opaleshoniyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamene chotupa chikugwidwa mofulumira kwambiri.
- Lobectomy - Mankhwala otchedwa lobectomy ndi opaleshoni ambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira khansa ya m'mapapo, ndipo amaphatikizapo kuchotsa mpweya wa mapapo. (Mapapu abwino ali ndi maola okwana 3 ndipo mapapo a kumanzere ali ndi ma lobes 2.)
- Pneumonectomy - Pneumonectomy imaphatikizapo kuchotsedwa kwa mapapo onse.
Opaleshoniyi ikhoza kuchitidwa kudzera mu khoma lachifuwa (thoracotomy) kapena kudzera mu mavidiyo omwe amathandizidwa ndi mavidiyo a VATS (VATS), njira yomwe chiwerengerocho chimayikidwa kudzera muzithunzi zing'onozing'ono m'khoma la chifuwa komanso momwe chotupacho chimachotsedwa . Ngakhale anthu omwe ali ndi njira zowonjezera VATS akuchira mofulumira, njirayi siigwira ntchito m'mimba yonse yamapapu ndipo siinayambe pazipatala zonse.
Zoopsa
Kuopsa kwa opaleshoni ya khansa yamapapo kumaphatikizapo kuwonongeka kwa mapangidwe a mapaipi kapena pafupi ndi mapapo, ngozi zambiri zokhudzana ndi opaleshoni, ndi zoopsa za anesthesia. Dokotala wanu ndi wodwalayo amayamba kukambirana za ngozizi ndi inu musanachite opaleshoni. Zowopsa kwambiri zimaphatikizapo:
- Kusuta
- Kutenga
- Kutaya kwa mapapo ( pneumothorax )
- Kuwonongeka kwa zigawo zakufupi monga mtima
- Ngozi za anesthesia ambiri
- Magazi a Magazi (Mitsempha ya Magazi - Mitsempha yambiri ya mitsempha ya mitsempha yowonjezereka ndi yowonjezereka yophatikizana ndi mapapu ammimba amapezeka ndi khansa ya m'mapapo, ndipo chiopsezo chikuwonjezeka kwambiri ndi mankhwala monga opaleshoni ndi chemotherapy.)
Kubwezeretsa
- Ululu wotsatira opaleshoni ndi wamba ndipo ukhoza kupitirira kwa milungu ingapo. Gulu lanu lochita opaleshoni liwonetsetsa kuti muli ndi mankhwala oti muteteze izi kuchipatala komanso mutabwerera kwanu. Nthawi zina ululu umachitika patapita miyezi patatha opaleshoni ngati mitsempha ikuyamba kukula. Ndikofunika kuti gulu lanu la thanzi lidziwe ngati mukuwona izi kuti athe kukupatsani njira zothetsera izi.
- Chifuwa cha chifuwa . Pambuyo pa opaleshoni, chifuwa cha chifuwa chidzasiyidwa pambali, ndi mapeto amodzi mkati mwa chifuwa chanu pamene opaleshoniyo inachitika ndipo ina yotsatiridwa ndi botolo kunja kwa thupi lanu. Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthandiza mapapu anu kuti azidzaza ndi mpweya, ndi kukhetsa magazi kapena madzi omwe amamapanga m'mapapu anu. Izi zikhoza kumasiyidwa m'malo masiku angapo.
- Zochita zopuma. Pambuyo pa opaleshoni, mudzafunsidwa kuchita zozizira kupititsa patsogolo mapapu ndikupewa chibayo.
Zovuta Zilipo
Zovuta zochepa za opaleshoni ya khansa yamapapo zimaphatikizapo vuto lochotsa chubu cha mpweya wabwino ndi chifuwa cha chifuwa pambuyo pa opaleshoni, zomwe zingatenge nthawi. Anthu ena amadandaula chifukwa chovutika kupweteka pamtima pakutsata opaleshoni - chinachake chomwe chimatchedwa postpneumonectomy syndrome kapena matenda a post-thoracic syndrome. Pakhala pali kafukufuku wochuluka akuyang'ana matendawa opwetekedwa m'zaka zaposachedwapa, kuyesa njira zothandizira anthu kuthana ndi mavuto pambuyo pa opaleshoni ya khansa ya m'mapapo, ndi njira zothandizira kuti izi zisadzachitike poyamba.
Mafunso Ofunsa Dokotala Wanu
- Kodi opaleshoni ndiyo njira yabwino yochizira khansa yanga?
- Ndi njira zina ziti zomwe zingakhale zothandiza ngati opaleshoni?
- Kodi mukupangira opaleshoni yotani?
- Kodi mankhwala ena monga radiation kapena chemotherapy adzaphatikizidwa ndi opaleshoni?
- Ndidzakhala ndi nthawi yayitali bwanji kuchipatala?
- Kodi nditatha opaleshoni yaitali ndingathe kubwereranso kuntchito zanga?
- Ndikumva kupweteka kotani, kwa nthawi yaitali bwanji, ndi chiyani chomwe chingachitike kuti ndisamve ululu wanga?
- Ndi mavuto ati omwe angachitike?
- Kodi kupuma kwanga kudzakhala bwanji atatha opaleshoni?
- Kodi chingachitike n'chiyani kuti opaleshoni izichiritsa khansa yanga?
Zotsatira:
National Cancer Institute. Mankhwala Osaphatikizapo Mankhwala Osakaniza Amtundu Wambiri. Health Professional Version. https://www.cancer.gov/types/lung/hp/non-small-cell-lung-treatment-pdq#section/all.