Zizindikiro, Kuchiza, ndi Kugonjetsa kwa Small Cell Lung Cancer
Mwachidule
Nthenda ya khansa ya m'mapapo yaing'ono ya 15% ya khansa ya m'mapapo. Mosiyana ndi khansa yapafupi yowonongeka ya selo , kansa yaing'ono ya m'mapapo ya m'mapapo ikukula mofulumira koma nthawi zambiri imachita bwino ku chemotherapy poyamba. Mwamwayi, amayamba kubwerera pambuyo pochiritsidwa ndikuyamba kukana mankhwala ochizira mankhwala.
Mankhwala a khansa yaing'ono yamapapo amayamba kumayambira m'mapiritsi akuluakulu ( bronchi ) m'mapapu, koma kufalikira mofulumira, nthawi zambiri ku ubongo.
Iwo amathyoledwa mu magawo awiri okha, ochepa komanso ochepa kwambiri. Anthu 70 mpaka 70 mwa anthu 100 aliwonse ali ndi matenda aakulu pa nthawi ya matenda.
Khansara ya m'mapapo ya m'mapapo imakhala yogwirizana kwambiri ndi kusuta fodya, ngakhale kuti zinthu zina monga radon ndi asibesitoti zimagwirizananso ndi khansa yaing'ono ya m'mapapo. Khansara yamapapu imeneyi imapezeka kwambiri mwa amuna kuposa akazi, ndipo ndi khansa ya m'mapapo yowopsa kwambiri yomwe imakhala ndi zizindikiro zotchedwa paraneoplastic syndrome - ndiko, zizindikiro za mahomoni obisika ndi chotupa kapena ndi chitetezo cha mthupi ku chotupa.
Zizindikiro
Zizindikiro za khansa yaing'ono yamapapo ya m'magazi ingaphatikizepo izi:
- Chifuwa chopitirira
- Kudula magazi ( hemoptysis )
- Kutupa nkhope ndi khosi
- Kupuma pang'ono
- Kupuma
- Magulu obwerezabwereza a chibayo kapena bronchitis
- Kusokonezeka
- Kutopa
- Kutaya kosawerengeka kosadziwika
Zizindikiro chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa khansa ya m'mapapo kumadera ena a thupi.
Malo ofala kwambiri omwe kansa ya kansa ya m'mapapo ikufalikira ndi monga:
- Ubongo - Matenda a ubongo kuchokera ku khansa ya m'mapapo ikhoza kuchitika msanga, ndipo ikhoza kukhala chizindikiro choyamba cha khansa iyi. Izi zikuphatikizapo kupweteka mutu, masomphenya kusintha, kufooka, kapena kugwa.
- Mphuno - Matenda a metastases amatha kupweteka kumbuyo, m'chiuno, m'chifuwa, paphewa, kapena nthiti.
- Chiwindi - Matenda a chiwindi amatha kupweteka m'mimba, kupweteka, ndi kutuluka kwa chikasu khungu lotchedwa jaundice.
- Matenda a adrenal - Adrenal metastases amapezeka pamatenda a CT kusiyana ndi zizindikiro, koma amachititsa ululu m'mimba.
Kansera yaing'ono ya m'mapapo ya m'mapapo ingayambitsenso zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana chifukwa cha syndromes . Ena mwa awa ndi awa:
- Kufooka kwa minofu kumapazi apamwamba, masomphenya amasintha, ndi kuvutika kukumeza ( Matenda a Lambert-Eaton myasthenic )
- Kufooka, kutopa, ndi mlingo wochepa wa sodium m'magazi ( matenda osayenera a antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) )
- Kutaya kugwirizanitsa ndi kuvutika kulankhula (kuperewera kwa cerebellar degeneration)
- Kuphimba (kuzungulira) za zikhomo
Miyendo
Pali magawo awiri a khansa ya m'mapapo ya m'mapapo:
- Khansara ya Lungwe Yochepa - Kamodzi kansana ya kansa ya m'mapapo imakhala ngati khansa yaing'ono ya selo imene ilipo m'mapapu amodzi okha ndipo ikhoza kufalikira ku maselo am'mbali kapena pafupi pakati pa mapapu ( mediastinum ), koma kufalitsa ( kuchepetsedwa ) kumadera ena a thupi.
- Khansara Yambiri Yopsa Khansa - Mu khansa yaing'ono ya m'mapapo ya khansa yamapiko, khansara yayamba kufalikira (kudetsedwa) ku dera lina la thupi, monga lobe m'mapapo kapena ubongo.
Kuchiza
Chithandizo cha khansa yaing'ono yamapapo ya m'mapapo imasiyanasiyana malinga ndi siteji ya khansa komanso zinthu zina.
Opaleshoni - Opaleshoni imachitika kawirikawiri pa khansa yaing'ono yamapapu ya m'mapapo (nthawi zambiri imawoneka kuti imatha kugwira ntchito,) koma opaleshoni nthawi zina amaganiziridwa ngati kachilombo kakang'ono kamapezeka pang'onopang'ono X-ray kapena CT scan (kwa khansa yoyambirira yochepa). chemotherapy (chemotherapy pambuyo pa opaleshoni) kawirikawiri amalimbikitsidwa ngati opaleshoni yachitidwa kwa khansa yaing'ono ya m'mapapo ya m'mapapo.
Chemotherapy - Chithandizo cha matenda ochepa komanso ochepa kwambiri kawirikawiri chimaphatikizapo kuphatikiza mankhwala a chemotherapy ndi mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala.
Kansera yaing'ono ya m'mapapo ya m'mapapo nthawi zambiri imachita bwino kwambiri ku chemotherapy poyamba, koma kukana kumakula. Zapezeka kuti kuthana ndi khansa yaying'ono ya kansa ya m'mapapo ndi mankhwala a chemotherapy amachititsa kuti munthu akhale ndi moyo wapakati pa 4 kapena 5 potsata mankhwala. Mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito amagwiritsidwa ntchito monga kuphatikizapo cisplatin (Platinol) kapena carboplatin (Paraplatin) ndi etoposide (VePesid.)
Thandizo la ma ARV - Kwa khansa yokhazikika komanso yowonjezera, mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala . nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi chemotherapy.
Kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa (PCI) - Odwala omwe amavomereza bwino mankhwala ndi kukwaniritsa yankho lathunthu, mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuti ubongo uwonongeke. malo wamba a khansa kubwereza.
Zilonda zam'chipatala - Zovuta zambiri zachipatala zili m'malo kufunafuna chithandizo chabwino cha khansa ya m'mapapo ya khungu. Makamaka mankhwala awiri a immunotherapy Opdivo (nivolumab) ndi Keytruda (pembrolizumab), omwe adavomerezedwa mu 2015 kwa anthu omwe alibe khansa ya m'mapapo ya m'mapapo, tsopano akuphunzira kuti adziwe ngati akhoza kuthana ndi khansa yaying'ono ya m'mapapo. . Nyuzipepala ya National Cancer Institute imalimbikitsa kuti anthu omwe ali ndi khansara yamapapu amalingalire kutenga nawo mbali m'mayesero a zamatenda.Kodi, mabungwe ambiri a khansa yamapapo apanga kuyesa kwaulere kwachipatala omwe akufanana ndi odwala khansa ya m'mapapo , momwe woyendetsa ndege angakuthandizeni kudziwa ngati Mayesero a zachipatala akupitirira angagwirizane ndi chotupa chanu ndi zokhumba zanu.
Mankhwala opatsirana - Kuphatikizapo kuchiza khansara, njira monga mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthandizira kuthetsa zizindikiro za khansa yaing'ono ya m'mapapo. Mafunde angathandize kuthana ndi zizindikiro monga kupweteka kwa mafupa chifukwa cha mitsempha ya mitsempha, kupweteka kwa mutu ndi kufooka komwe zimayambitsa ubongo wa m'mitsempha, kutuluka magazi m'mapapo, ndi kupuma kwapang'ono chifukwa cha kutsekedwa kwa airways.
Kuthamangitsani
Kachilombo ka kansalu kakang'ono ka maselo a m'mapapo ndi osiyana kwambiri malingana ndi siteji. Pakali pano, kuchuluka kwa zaka zisanu zapakati pa kansalu yaing'onoting'ono ya khansa ya m'mapapo (magawo onse) ndi 5 mpaka 10 peresenti
Zinthu zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kupulumuka kwabwino zimaphatikizapo amuna, akazi komanso machitidwe abwino - omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino panthaŵi yomwe akudziŵa. Kupitiriza kusuta kungapangitse kukhalabe moyo. Popeza khansara yaing'ono yamapapu ya m'mapapo ikukula mofulumira, ndipo popeza tayenda kutali ndi khansa ina yomwe ikukula mofulumira monga khansa ya m'magazi, zikuyembekezeredwa kuti mankhwala abwino amapezeka mtsogolo.
Kulimbana
Kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti kuphunzira zomwe mungathe pa khansara yanu yamapapu kungakuthandizeni kukhala ndi moyo wabwino, ndipo mwinamwake ngakhale zotsatira zanu. Funsani mafunso. Phunzirani za mayesero a zachipatala zomwe zingakhale zoyenerera kwa inu, komanso momwe mungakhalire anu othandizira pa chisamaliro chanu cha khansa.
Anthu ambiri amapeza kuti zimathandiza kukhala nawo pagulu kapena gulu lothandizira. Funsani ndi kulola okondedwa anu kuthandizira. Ndipo khalani ndi chiyembekezo. Chithandizo cha kansa ya m'mapapo-ndi kupulumuka-akukula pambuyo pa zaka zambiri zomwe zimawoneka ngati kusintha pang'ono. Pali chiyembekezo chochuluka.
Zotsatira:.
National Cancer Institute. Mankhwala Ochepetsa Kachilombo ka Cell Cell (PDQ) - Health Professional Version. Kusinthidwa 02/18/16. https://www.cancer.gov/types/lung/hp/small-cell-lung-treatment-pdq
Sher, T. et al. Khansara ya m'mapapo ya maselo. Mayo Clinic Proceedings . 2008. 83 (3): 355-67.