Kugunda ndi chizindikiro chofala koma chowopsya chimene chimapangitsa anthu kuti aone dokotala wawo. Zimatanthauzidwa ngati mawu oimba mofuula omwe amapezeka ndi kupuma.
Mwachidule
Kugunda kungatheke palimodzi ndi kupuma mu (kudzoza kuthamanga) komanso kupuma (kuthamanga kwa moto), ngakhale kumakhala kofala ndi kupuma. Ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri-komanso madokotala amaganiza za mphumu pamene amva kupuma, ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti "zonse zomwe sizimakhala ndi mphumu."
Kuphatikiza pa zina zomwe zimayambitsa kupuma, nthawizina anthu amakhala ndi chikhalidwe chimodzi chokha chomwe chimayambitsa kuwomba. Imeneyi ndi njira yotalika kwambiri yonena kuti aliyense amene akuyendayenda ayenera kufufuza mosamala kwambiri za zizindikiro zake.
Kuthamanga
Musanalankhule za kuthamanga, ndikofunika kudziwa ngati mawu omwe mumamva m'mapapu anu akuwombera. Chifukwa chiyani? Chifukwa pali zowonjezereka zina zomwe zingaganizidwe chifukwa cha kuyendayenda ndikupanga zolondola zolondola zingakhale zovuta pofufuza zomwe zimayambitsa.
Madokotala amagwiritsira ntchito mawuwa pofotokoza momwe amamvera mapapu kuti akhalepo kapena kuti asakhalepo pamaphokoso a "mapulogalamu" komanso phokoso lililonse lomwe silimveka.
Kugunda pamsana ndi Stridor
Stridor ndi chizindikiro chomwe nthawi zambiri chimangokhalira kuphulika. Izi ndizofunika chifukwa pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe zimayambira pazitsulo zomwe zimakhala zoopsa kwambiri.
Stridor ili ndi phokoso limene nthawi zambiri limagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi amodzi okha m'malo molemba nyimbo zosiyanasiyana.
Zimakhala zapamwamba kwambiri kusiyana ndi phokoso loti limapuma ndipo zimachitika makamaka panthawi ya kudzoza. Mzerewu umakhala wofuula kwambiri pa khosi lamkati, pamene kutuluka kumakhala kofuula m'madera osiyanasiyana malinga ndi njira zomwe zimawombera mpweya.
Mosiyana ndi kayendetsedwe ka phokoso, kuwombera nthawi zambiri kumakhala phokoso lamakono lomwe limamveka mokweza.
Lili ndi phokoso lopitirira la nyimbo kuphatikizapo zolemba zambiri.
Zimayambitsa
Zomwe zimayambitsa kupuma ndi mphumu ndi COPD. Phokoso la kuwomba limapangidwa ndi kupyapyala kwa ndege. Izi zikhoza kukhala chifukwa cha kutupa kapena kutseka kwina paliponse kuchokera pammero mpaka kuzing'ono kwambiri. Zina mwazifukwa zingakhale monga:
- Chifuwa - Chomwe chimayambitsa kupuma.
- Anaphylaxis -Ichi ndi choopsa kwambiri (nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha njuchi kapena kudya mtedza kapena nkhono) zomwe zimayambitsa kutupa pammero ndipo ndizochitika mwamsanga.
- Bronchitis -Izi zikhoza kukhala zovuta (zokhazikika masiku okha) kapena zosatha (masabata opitirira miyezi mpaka zaka).
- Bronchiolitis -Ichi ndi matenda omwe amachititsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ( bronchioles ) ndi omwe amapezeka mwa ana.
- Kuchetsa (aspirating) thupi lachilendo -Kufuna nthawi zina kumayambitsa magetsi ngati chinthu chimene chimapachikidwa sichitetezera kwathunthu. Kawirikawiri anthu amakumbukira kugwedeza, monga pa steak kapena kwa ana, pazinthu zina. Koma nthawi zina, makamaka ngati chinthu sichiteteza mpweya (monga karoti), anthu sangakumbukire choking.
- Chibayo
- COPD- Matenda osokoneza bongo, monga emphysema, akhoza kuyambitsa magetsi.
- Bronchiectasis - Kuwonjezeka kwa maulendo a ndege nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha matenda a ubwana kapena cystic fibrosis nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kufotokoza ndipo mwina poyamba zimakhala ndi chifukwa china chowombera.
- Epiglottitis -Achidziwitso chachipatala chomwe chimakhala ndi zizindikiro monga fever, drooling, ndi kukhala pa malo owongoka pofuna kupuma, epiglottitis imayambitsidwa ndi matenda a epiglottis, kagawo kakang'ono kamene kali pamapeto a lilime.
- Matenda a chiwindi monga mpweya wotchedwa syncytial virus ( RSV ) - Matenda ambiri amtunduwu akhoza kuyambitsa magetsi, makamaka kwa ana.
- Khansara Yam'mimba - Chizindikiro choyamba cha khansara yamapapo chimakhala chikuphulika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zizindikiritse zomwe zimayambitsa kupuma ngakhale ngati chifukwa chikuwonekera.
- Kulephera kwa mtima
- Chimake chodzidzimutsa-Miyendo imatha kuchoka ndikupita kumapapu (mapulitsimake).
- Acidx-Zingakhale zosaoneka bwino, koma reflux ya asidi ndi chifukwa chodziwika bwino cha kuphulika.
- Mankhwala oopsa a pneumonitis-Kutupa kwambiri kwa mapapu chifukwa cha udzu woumba ndi madontho a mbalame akhoza kukhala ngati chizindikiro choyamba.
- Mankhwala (makamaka aspirin)
- Kutsekeka kwachingwe kwachitsulo -Kachitidwa ndi ndodo imodzi kapena zonse ziwiri zomwe zimatseka mosadziwa mwa kupuma. Izi zimatchedwanso "mphuno ya mphuno".
Kudziwa
Ngati mwakhala mukuwombera, ndi bwino kuti muwone dokotala wanu-ngakhale mutamva kuti mumadziwa chifukwa chake kapena mwakhala mukukumana ndi mavuto. Ngakhale ngati mwapezeka kuti muli ndi mphumu, onetsetsani kuti mukumane ndi dokotala wanu ndi kusintha kulikonse kwa zizindikiro zanu.
Itanani dokotala wanu (kapena 911) mwamsanga ngati mukukumva ululu wamphongo, kumutu kosauka, mukukumana ndi zovuta kuti mupeze mpweya wanu, kapena muzindikire chovala cha bluish pamilomo yanu ndi khungu lanu. Kutupa kwa nkhope yanu, khosi, ndi milomo kungakhale chizindikiro cha kuopsa kwa moyo wanu.
Kufufuza
Chinthu choyamba chimene dokotala wanu angachite (atatsimikiza kuti muli omasuka ndi osasunthika) amatenga mbiri yakale ya zachipatala ndikuyesera thupi. Mafunso ena omwe angakufunseni ndi awa:
- Kodi zizindikiro zanu zinayamba liti?
- Kodi munayamba mwakhalapo ndi zizindikiro monga izi?
- Kodi mumayenda kwambiri usiku kapena masana?
- Kodi mwakhala mukugwedezeka ndi njuchi kapena mudya zakudya zimene zingayambitse mavuto, monga shellfish kapena mtedza?
- Kodi muli ndi zizindikiro zina, monga chifuwa, kupuma pang'ono , kupweteka pachifuwa , ming'oma , kutupa kwa nkhope yanu kapena khosi, kapena kukakamira magazi ?
- Kodi muli ndi mbiri yaumwini kapena banja la mphumu, chizungu, matenda a mapapo, kapena khansara yamapapo?
- Kodi inuyo, kapena munayamba mwasuta?
- Kodi mwasokoneza pamene mukudya?
Kuyesedwa
Mayesero kuti awonetse kuthamanga kwanu ndi kudziwa chomwe chidzasinthidwe malinga ndi mbiri yanu. Muzidzidzidzi, anthu omwe akudzidzidzidwa ndi zachangu amayamba ndi "ABD." Izi zikuyimira mphepo, kupuma, kenako kufalikira. Ndikofunika kufufuza izi musanayambe kudziwa zomwe zikuyambitsa kuwomba. Kuyesera kungaphatikizepo:
- Oximetry kuti muwone mlingo wa oksijeni m'magazi anu
- Chifuwa cha X-ray
- Spirometry
- Mayeso a magazi, monga selo loyera la magazi amafunika kuyang'ana zizindikiro za matenda
- Kuyesera kochita ntchito
- CT scan ya chifuwa chanu
- Bronchoscopy ngati dokotala akukhudzidwa kuti mutha kukhala ndi chilakolako china (kapena kupumira) chinthu china chachilendo kapena kuti mukhale ndi chotupa kapena pafupi ndi mpweya wanu
- Laryngoscopy kuti muyang'ane zingwe zanu zamakono ndi mawu
- Kuyezetsa magazi ngati dokotala wanu akuwona kuti muli ndi chifuwa chachikulu chomwe chikuchititsa kuti mpweya wanu ukhale wambiri
Chithandizo
Malingana ndi momwe zizindikiro zanu zimayendera, dokotala wanu ayamba kuchita zoyenera kuti mukhale omasuka komanso oletsa zizindikiro zanu. Popeza pali zifukwa zambiri zomwe zimayambitsa kupuma, mankhwala ena amatha kudalira chifukwa cha kuphulika kwanu.
Njira yoyamba ndikuonetsetsa kuti mukupeza mpweya wokwanira m'mapapu anu komanso kuti mpweya umene mumapuma umapangitsa maselo onse a thupi lanu. Mankhwala oxygen amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Ngati vutoli ndilo chifukwa, jekeseni epinephrine nthawi zambiri amaperekedwa.
Mankhwala ena amadalira zifukwa zomwe zimayambitsa magetsi. Mwachitsanzo, mankhwala a mphumu adzagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthetsa kuchepa kwa mpweya chifukwa cha mphumu, pamene njira ngati bronchoscopy ikhoza kuyamikiridwa ngati kuganiza kuti thupi lachilendo ku airways lingayambitse zizindikiro zanu.
Zotsatira:
Kasper, Dennis L., et al. Mfundo za Harrison za Mankhwala a M'kati. New York: McGraw Hill Maphunziro, 2015. Print.
Irwin, R. Kufufuza za matenda opatulapo mphumu mwa akuluakulu. Kupititsa patsogolo . 8/13/15.
Oo, S., ndi P. Le Souef. Mwana wolumala: algorithm. Physician Family Australia . 2015. 44 (6): 360-4.
Sarkar, M., Madabhavi, I., Niranjan, N., ndi M. Dogra. Kuthamanga kwa dongosolo la kupuma. Annals wa Thoracic Medicine . 2015. 10 (3): 158-68.