Mayesero a Nthendayi
Kuyezetsa magazi momwe munthu amachitira ndi matenda enaake, monga mungu, pet dander , zakudya, mankhwala kapena nkhungu. Zomwe "zowona" zowonetsa kuti munthu ali ndi vutoli zimatanthauza kuti munthu ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda. Izi kawirikawiri zimatanthauza kuti munthuyo ali ndi vuto la mankhwala, kutanthauza kuti munthuyo adzalandira zizindikiro pamene adzalandira mankhwalawa.
Komabe, kuyezetsa magazi kwabwino sikutanthauza kuti munthuyo ali ndi vuto la mankhwalawa. Munthu akhoza kukhala ndi mayeso olimbitsa thupi kwa agalu, mwachitsanzo, koma samakhala ndi zizindikiro zowonekera kwa agalu. Kuonjezerapo, munthu akhoza kukhala ndi zakudya zambiri zowononga , koma akhoza kudya zakudya izi popanda kuchita zoipa.
Choncho, munthu wotsutsa zowonongeka amafunika kuchita ndi kutanthauzira zoyezetsa zowonongeka malinga ndi zizindikiro za munthuyo.
Pali mitundu iwiri yokha ya kuyezetsa magazi yomwe imayesedwa kuti ndi yoyenera: Kuyeza khungu (prick / puncture ndi intradermal) ndi RAST (radioallergosorbent test). Mayesero ena a chifuwa amatha kuchitidwa mu kafukufuku (monga kuika pang'ono mankhwala onse m'maso, mphuno kapena mapapu kuti ayese yankho lake), koma sali othandiza pa tsiku ndi tsiku. Kuyezetsa mkaka sikugwiritsidwe ntchito kuyesa zowononga, koma kwa dermatitis kwa mankhwala osiyanasiyana, omwe amayamba ndi gawo lina la chitetezo cha mthupi.
Zoyezetsa zina zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi odokotala omwe sali odwala matenda enaake kapena anthu omwe amadzitcha okha "allergists" koma alibe maphunziro abwino komanso bungwe ladziko lachidziwitso pankhani ya zowononga ndi kuteteza thupi. Phunzirani zambiri za mayesero omwe mungapewe kuti mupewe matendawa . Nthawi zonse onani ophunzitsidwa bwino, bungwe lovomerezeka kapena bungwe loyenera kulandira vuto lililonse pakalandira mankhwala opatsirana.
Kodi Kuyeza Khungu N'kutani?
Kuyesa khungu ndi njira yakale komanso yodalirika yoyezetsa magazi. Mtundu uwu wa kuyesa wakhala ukuchitidwa kwa zaka 100 ndipo ukupitiriza kukhala kuyesedwa kwa chisankho kuti mudziwe matenda othetsera matendawa. Kuyezetsa kumayambira ndi njira yoyamba, yopuma kapena yopuma, yomwe imaphatikizapo kuika dontho la mtundu wonsewo (omwe nthawi zambiri amachokera pamalonda, nkhungu, zakudya, pet dander, etc.) pakhungu ndi kupukuta khungu ndi singano . Kuyesera sikuli kowawa, ndipo kawirikawiri, palibe magazi omwe amachokerapo kuyambira pamene singano imangoyambira pamwamba pa khungu.
Pambuyo pa khungu, mayesero amatenga pafupifupi mphindi 15 kuti akule. Pakhoza kukhala mayeso ambiri a khungu omwe amachitika, malingana ndi msinkhu wa munthu, zizindikiro ndi zina. Mayeso abwino a khungu amaoneka ngati otukuka, ofiira, omwe amafanana ndi kuluma kwa udzudzu . Chiyesochi chimafaniziridwa ndi machitidwe abwino ndi oipa, omwe ndi mayesero ena awiri a khungu omwe amaperekedwa pamodzi ndi zomwe zimayesedwa kuti ziyesedwe.
Chinthu chodziwika bwino ndicho mbiri ya histamine, yomwe idzachititsa kuti munthu aliyense asatenge antihistamine mankhwala monga Benadryl. Sizingatheke kukhala ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo kwa histamine, ngati mankhwalawa alipo m'thupi.
Mayeso abwino a khungu la histamine amatanthawuza kuti mayesero aliwonse a khungu omwe amachitidwa panthaŵi imodzimodziyo ndi zotsatira zolakwika ndi zowonongeka (ndikuti zotsatira zoipa sizinangokhala chifukwa cha munthu amene akutsutsa antihistamine , mwachitsanzo).
Kuipa koyipa kawirikawiri ndi madzi amchere, kapena saline, mankhwala. Cholinga cha mayeserowa ndikutsimikizira kuti munthu alibe zotsatira zowopsya chifukwa chosowa singano. Chotsatira choyambitsa khungu chosawonongera kuti chitsimikizo cha khungu sichipezeka chifukwa cha kukhumudwa kwa munthu yemwe ali ndi khungu lenileni.
Ngati zotsatira zoyesayesa za khungu zimakhala zovuta kwa zozizira zosiyanasiyana , koma mbiri ya munthu ya chifuwa imasonyeza kuti zotsatirazi ziyenera kukhala zabwino, ndiye mayesero ena, omwe amatchedwa kuyesera khungu, angathe kuchitidwa.
Kuyeza khungu, komwe kumaphatikizapo jekeseni wa chotsitsa chakumtunda kwa khungu kansalu ndi singano, amatha kuzindikira kuti anthu ambiri ali ndi matenda oopsa kuposa momwe amachitira poyesedwa okha. Mwamwayi, kuyesera kwa khungu kungayambitse zotsatira zabwino zabodza, ndipo mayeserowa sangagwiritsidwe ntchito poyesera chifuwa cha zakudya.
Kuyezetsa khungu kumaimira matenda osokoneza. Ndi chida chothandiza kuti anthu aone (ndikudzimva) kuyesa khungu lawo kwa katsamba, mwachitsanzo, kumvetsetsa kuti ndizovuta kwa amphaka. Zomwe amaphunzira zimakhala zochititsa chidwi kwambiri kuposa kupereka munthu chidziwitso cha mayeso okhudza matenda omwe amapezeka pogwiritsa ntchito magazi.
Kodi Kuyezetsa magazi kumayendera bwanji magazi?
Kuyezetsa magazi (RAST) ndi njira yowonongeka yomwe imaphatikizapo kuyerekezera zowonjezera ma antibodies kuchokera ku magazi. Ngakhale kuti RAST ikadalipo, mitundu yatsopano ya kuyezetsa magazi kwa chifuwa imaphatikizapo kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mayesero a immunosorbent (ELISA), omwe amachititsa kuti munthu asatengere mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuti magazi asamayende bwino. yawonjezedwa. Mdima wa kusintha kwa mtunduwu ukhoza kuyesedwa ndi kutanthauziridwa mu ndondomeko kapena kuchuluka kwa wodwalayo wothandizidwa muzitsanzo za magazi. Ngakhale kuti kuyesa kwa magazi kwabwino kwa zaka zaposachedwapa, kumakhalabe kochepa pa mayesero omwe alipo, komanso zochepa zochepa zomwe zimayambitsa mayeso (monga mungu kapena phala).
Kuyezetsa magazi kwaposachedwapa kwakhala kothandiza kwambiri pakupeza ndi kuyang'anira zakudya zowonjezera, komabe. Ngakhale kuyesedwa kwa khungu ku zakudya kungapangitse kulingalira, malingana ndi kukula kwa zomwe akuchitapo, kaya munthu ali ndi mphamvu yowonongeka ndi chakudya, kuyezetsa magazi poyezetsa magazi kumayesa kuchulukitsa kwa wodwala wodwalayo ku chakudya. Mtengo umenewu ukhoza kuthandizira kudziwa kuti mwana angathenso kudya zakudya zolimbitsa thupi, mwachitsanzo.
Mtengo wapamwamba wa kuyezetsa magazi, kusiyana ndi kuchepa kwa khungu, komanso kuchedwa kwa zotsatira za masiku mpaka masabata, zimapangitsanso kuchepa kusiyana ndi kuyesedwa khungu. Kuyesa khungu kumapitirizabe kukhala mayeso abwino, ndi zotsatira zochepa zabodza komanso zabodza.
Kodi Kuyezetsa Kachilombo Kumatetezedwa?
Kuyezetsa khungu ndi kotetezeka kwambiri, makamaka ngati munthu wodwala matendawa akudwala matendawa . Thupi lathunthu, lomwe limatchedwa anaphylaxis, ndilosazolowereka kwambiri kuyezetsa khungu. Komabe, atapatsidwa mwayi woti anaphylaxis ichitike chifukwa chake, kuyezetsa khungu kuyenera kuchitidwa ku ofesi ya dokotala ndi zipangizo zomwe zingathe kuchitapo kanthu.
Ana aang'ono angakhalenso kuyesedwa bwino khungu, kuphatikizapo makanda. Kawirikawiri, makanda amatenga mayeso chifukwa cha zakudya zowonjezera zakudya, ngakhale kuti akhoza kukhala ndi chifuwa cha mbuzi kapena fumbi. Ana omwe ali osakwana zaka ziwiri akhoza kukhala ndi zikopa zochepa pakhungu poyesera khungu.
Kuyesa kuyezetsa magazi kumaphatikizapo kuyezetsa kudwala pamagazi a munthu, palibe mwayi kuti munthuyo ayambe kuchitapo kanthu chifukwa cha kuyesedwa. Komabe, mwayi woti munthu akhale ndi zotsatira zoyenera kuchotsa magazi, monga kupopera, kutaya mwazi kwambiri, kapena matenda, ndizopambana kwambiri kuposa zomwe zimachokera kumayesero a zovuta.
Magulu ena a anthu sangathe kuyesedwa khungu, choncho kuyesera magazi kuyesa bwino. Maguluwa ndi awa omwe sangathe kuletsa mankhwala awo antihistamine; Anthu omwe ali ndi khungu lodziwika bwino (ndi "kuchita" kwa chinyengo), omwe amadwala magazi (monga beta-blockers ), komanso omwe ali ndi mtima ndi mapapo omwe amawopsa kwambiri ngati anaphylaxis iyenera kuchitika.
Kodi Munthu Ali Ndi Liti Pamene Ali ndi Vuto Lotchedwa Allergen?
Kulimbana ndi munthu kupita ku allergen kumatanthauza kuti munthuyo amadziwika mwadala ndi chinthucho, monga kuti munthuyo adye chakudya chimene chikuwoneka kuti akudwala. Zovuta za zakudya zimayesedwa kawirikawiri kuti awone ngati mwana wayamba kudya zakudya zowonjezera, kapena ngati kuyezetsa khungu bwino kumayimira zovuta. Mavuto a zakudya angathe kukhala owopsa ndipo ayenera kuchitidwa ndi madokotala omwe amawagwiritsa ntchito.
Kulimbana ndi munthu wosakwanira chakudya, monga mungu kapena pet dander, sichimachitika ku ofesi; Komabe, mayeserowa akhoza kuchitika mu maphunziro kapena kafukufuku.
Mukufuna kupitiriza kuphunzira? Yang'anirani momwe mayeso a khungu amachitira .
> Chitsime:
> Yesetsani Kugwiritsa Ntchito Pulojekiti Yoyesa Kuyezetsa Mankhwala. Ann Zozizira Nthenda Immunol. 1995; 75 (6): 543-625.