Mankhwala Osakaniza M'kuyesedwa kwa Nthendayi
Madokotala omwe si achikhalidwe akhala akugwiritsa ntchito njira zambiri pazaka zomwe akuyesera kuti azindikire (ndipo nthawi zina amachiritsira). Mayeserowa angadzinenenso kuti amadziwika kuti ndi poizoni m'thupi, kapena zakudya zomwe zimayambitsa munthu kudwala kapena kutopa. Zambiri mwa mayeserowa sizinayambike mu sayansi, ndipo chitsimikizo ndi chakuti makampani a inshuwalansi samayesa mayesero, ndipo / kapena samachita ma laboratories omwe amatha kuchitidwa (angathe kuchitidwa mu ma laboratories apadera).
Musanagwiritse ntchito ndalama zambiri pa mayesero opanda pake, werengani nkhaniyi, ndipo kambiranani ndi dokotala (kapena gulu lovomerezeka), musanayambe mayesero angapo omwe angakupatseni inu zopanda phindu, ndikupanga wina kukhala wolemera. Pezani njira zoyesera zoyezetsa magazi zomwe zili zoyenera kuti muyese kufufuza matenda oopsa.
Mayesero osayenerera a chifuwa amatha kupatulidwa m'magulu atatu:
- Mayesero omwe ali osayenera chifukwa china chilichonse, osati motsatira mfundo za sayansi
- Mayesero omwe ali oyenerera pazochitika zina zachipatala, koma osati pofufuza mayendedwe achilendo
- Mayesero omwe angathe kukhala oyenerera pofufuza zowonongeka, koma okwera mtengo kapena osamvetsetseka chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito nthawi zonse
Mayesero Osayenera
Mayeso a Cytotoxic. Mayesowa amamveka sayansi, ndipo kwenikweni amagwiritsira ntchito mawu (cytotoxic) omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'munda wa immunology. Chiyesocho chimaphatikizapo kuika magazi a munthu pa galasi lamakono ya magalasi yomwe ili ndi chakudya chowidwa chomwe chili kale pa galasi.
Wogwira ntchito amawoneka pansi pa microscope pamaselo a magazi, ndipo amati amatha kudziwa ngati munthu ali ndi vuto la zakudya zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa galasilo. Palibe maziko a sayansi a mayeso awa.
Kutsutsa-Neutralization. Ndondomekoyi ingamveke mofanana ndi lingaliro la zowononga , koma palibe umboni wa sayansi umene umasonyeza kuti ukugwira ntchito.
Zimaphatikizapo kulandira (kapena kudyetsa) mankhwala osiyanasiyana, pollens, nyama ya dander, zakudya, mahomoni kapena poizoni mu khungu la munthu. Ngati jekeseniyo imakhala ndi chizindikiro chilichonse (kawirikawiri zimakhala zozizwitsa), izi zimatchedwa mlingo wokhumudwitsa. Ndiye mlingo wochepa ndi kuchuluka kwa mankhwala omwewo ndi jekeseni (kapena amadya), mpaka palibe zizindikiro zomwe zimachitika - izi zimatchedwa kuti neutralization mlingo. Kusokoneza-kutengeka kungadzinenera kuti kuchiza kupsinjika mtima kapena kusintha kwa pafupifupi chirichonse.
Kusakaniza kwa Electrodermal. Mayesowa amati akupeza chakudya kapena matenda ena chifukwa cha kusintha kwa khungu poyerekeza ndi magetsi. Munthuyo adzagwira chigamba chamagalasi chomwe chili ndi chakudya (kapena chinthu china) chomwe chili mu dzanja limodzi, komanso chitsimikizo cha magetsi. Galvanometer ikhoza kuikidwa mu galasi yamoto kapena pamalo ena pa thupi la munthu, ndi kuwerengedwa. Kuwonjezeka kwotsutsa magetsi omwe amati akuwoneka kuti akudwala mankhwalawa mwa munthuyo.
Kugwiritsa ntchito Kinesiology. Kusintha kwa mphamvu ya minofu ya munthu kumadziwika ndi katswiri wina akamagwiritsa ntchito chinthu china (monga kugwira chigamba chamagalasi chomwe chiri ndi chakudya china), chomwe chimati chidziwitso cha zowopsya mwa munthuyo.
Reaginic Pulse. Mayesowa, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa zakudya zowonongeka, amachititsa kuti munthu ayambe kugunda (kudya mlingo wa mtima) atadya chakudya chake. Ngati pali kusintha kwa mapulaneti, kaya mmwamba kapena pansi, ndiye kuti chidziwitso chimapangidwira kuti munthuyo sagwirizana ndi chakudyacho. Palibe umboni wotsimikizira mayesero amenewa.
Thupi Chemical Analysis. Ndi chitukuko chamakono, kufufuza mankhwala ena amatha kuyerekezedwa ndi madzi, thupi, ndi minofu ya thupi. Mayeserowa amanena kuti kumanga kwa poizoni ena m'thupi kumabweretsa zizindikiro zowononga ndi matenda. Palibe umboni wa sayansi kuti iliyonse mwa mankhwalawa kapena mankhwala omwe amawunikira amachititsa kuti matendawa asagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Mayesero Ovomerezeka omwe Ali Osavomerezeka a Matenda Othawa
Kuyeza kwa Matenda a IgG. Immunologlobulin G (IgG), ndi wodwala wodwalayo wopangidwa ndi chitetezo cha munthu, nthawi zambiri pofuna kumenyana ndi matenda. Ma antibodies amenewa angafunikire kuyeza pofufuza momwe chitetezo cha munthu chimatetezera. Komabe, madokotala ena (komanso madokotala ambiri omwe sali odwala) adzayesa mayesero awa a ma laboratori poyesa kupweteka kwa chifuwa. IgG mu zakudya zosiyanasiyana komanso zowonjezera zachilengedwe (pollens, pet dander, fumbi mite), sizothandiza kwambiri pofufuza matenda opatsirana. Kuyeza kwa zigawo zina zamthupi, kupatula kuyesa immunoglobulin E (IgE) pogwiritsa ntchito RAST , kawirikawiri siyeso yeniyeni poyesa chifuwa chachikulu.
Mayesero Oyenera Okhudza Zowopsa, Ngakhale Osagwiritsidwa Ntchito Nthawi Zonse
Histamine Release Release Assays. Mayeserowa amayeza kutulutsidwa kwa histamine kuchokera ku basophil , selo loyera la magazi lomwe limathandizira kuchititsa zizindikiro zowopsa. Ndizovuta kwambiri kuti munthu ayambe kudziŵa kuti ali ndi matenda otani.
Serial End-Point Skin Test Titration. Ichi ndi mawonekedwe a kuyesera khungu kumagwiritsa ntchito kuchuluka kwa zozizwitsa zowonongeka kuti zikhale bwino kumvetsa chisamaliro cha munthu pa zovuta zina. Zingakhale zothandiza kwambiri kuti mudziwe kuti ndondomeko yoyambitsa matenda imayamba bwanji, makamaka ngati pakhala kusintha kwa kusakanikirana, ngakhale kuti sikofunikira kuti muzindikire kuti mukudwala matendawa.
Chitsime:
Gwiritsani ntchito Parameters za Kuyezetsa Mankhwala Opatsirana. Ann Zozizira Nthenda Immunol. 1995; 75 (6): 543-625.