Mitundu, Zizindikiro, Kuzindikira, ndi Kuchiza
Ife tikukumva kuti COPD ndi imodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe zimayambitsa imfa ku United States, koma kodi izi zikutanthawuza chiyani, zizindikiro zake ndi ziti?
Tanthauzo: Matenda a COPD - Matenda Ovuta Kuletsa Matenda Opatsirana
COPD imakhala ndi matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amachititsa kuti matendawa asapitirire. COPD ndikutanthawuzira kusatembenuzidwanso kwathunthu (mosiyana ndi mphumu) ndipo nthawi zambiri imapita patsogolo.
Mitundu ya COPD
Matenda omwe ali pansi pa mutu wa COPD ndi awa:
- Emphysema - Emphysema ndi matenda omwe amabwera chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa alveoli - njira yaying'ono kwambiri m'mapapu kumene kusintha kwa mpweya ndi carbon dioxide kumachitika, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimayambitsidwa ndi kusuta. Pali alveoli ochepa omwe amapezeka chifukwa cha kutupa ndi kupweteka, ndipo zotsalazo zimawopsya, zimataya mtima komanso zimawombera mpweya. Mutha kujambula izi ngati buluni yomwe yatha kutuluka ndipo mpweya umatsalira ngakhale pamene buluni ikugwa (monga kutuluka kunja.)
- Matenda a bronchitis - Odwala matendawa amatha kutentha kwambiri, ndipo amachititsa kuti anthu azivutika kwambiri. Njirayi imapangitsanso kuti pakhale kuchuluka kwa mazira. Mphungu imeneyi imadzaza mlengalenga, ndipo izi zimaletsa kupuma.
- Bronchiectasis - Bronchiectasis imadziwika ndi kufalikira ndi kuyendetsa mlengalenga, kawirikawiri imayambitsidwa ndi matenda opatsirana opuma nthawi yomwe ali mwana. Kutupa kumathandizanso kupanga mphalama zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphepo zisamayende bwino.
Mawu akuti COPD amagwiritsidwa ntchito mochuluka, monga momwe anthu ambiri alili ndi kuphatikiza kwa emphysema ndi bronchitis.
Kufunika ndi Kupezeka kwa COPD
COPD panopa ikuwoneka kuti ndiyo yachitatu yomwe imayambitsa imfa ku United States . Panthaŵi ina COPD inkaonedwa kuti ndi matenda a munthu, koma izi zasintha. Pakalipano, pali amayi ambiri kuposa amuna omwe amafa ndi COPD chaka chilichonse.
Kuwonjezera pakukhudza kwambiri miyoyo ya anthu mthupi ndi m'maganizo, COPD imachulukitsa chiopsezo cha matenda ena monga khansa ya m'mapapo ndi matenda a mtima.
Zizindikiro za COPD
COPD nthawi zambiri imakhala yopanda mphamvu (popanda zizindikilo) mpaka kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa mapapo kwachitika kale. COPD ndi matenda opitirirabe omwe anthu ambiri amakhala ndi nthawi yomwe imakhala yosasuntha, kuphatikizapo zovuta zina zomwe zimakhala zoopsa. Zizindikiro zofala zimaphatikizapo:
- Kupuma pang'ono, makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito masewera olimbitsa thupi, ndi chizindikiro chofala kwambiri.
- Kulimbikira, chifuwa cha tsiku ndi tsiku.
- Kupanga mankhwala opopera (kutsekemera mmphuno) yomwe ingakhale yoyera, yoyera, yachikasu, kapena yobiriwira.
- Kupuma.
- Chimake cha chifuwa
- Cyanosis (kutuluka kwa bluis kwa milomo ndi mabedi osungiramo misomali)
- Kuchepetsa kutaya thupi (nthawi zambiri kumapeto kwa matendawa).
Zifukwa ndi Zoopsa
Zina mwa zifukwa za COPD ndizo:
- Kusuta ndiko chiwerengero chimodzi cha COPD. Pafupifupi 25 peresenti ya osuta amatha kukhala ndi COPD. Izi siziphatikizapo osuta fodya okha, koma omwe amasuta fodya, mapaipi, ndi chamba. Ngakhale chiopsezo chimasiyanasiyana kwa anthu osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza kwa nambala ya ndudu kusuta patsiku kumawonjezeka ndi zaka za kusuta (zaka-paketi) zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi chiopsezo.
- Ntchito zapamwamba zimayendera mankhwala ndi zinthu monga phulusa la malasha amtengo wapatali ndi silica.
- Kuwonongeka kwa mpweya wa m'kati, makamaka kuwonetsa mpweya wochokera kuphika ndi kutenthetsa m'madera osawuka bwino.
- Kutuluka kwa mpweya kunja.
- Matenda a Alpha-1-antitrypsin ndi matenda obadwa nawo. Kulephera kwa Alpha-1-antitrypsin ndiyomwe amachititsa 1 peresenti 100 za COPD ndipo kawirikawiri zimapezeka ali wamng'ono kuposa zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kusuta.
- Matenda akuluakulu a mapapu ali mwana.
- Kuphatikiza kwa mphumu kuphatikizapo kusuta.
Kodi COPD Yadziwika Bwanji?
Kupanga matenda a COPD kumadalira mbiri yakale, kuunika kwa thupi, ndi kuyesedwa kwa mayesero ndi masomphenya.
Spirometry nthawi zambiri imayesedwa ngati "golide" muyeso kuti ndipeze matendawa ( ndingatanthauzire motani mayeso anga a spirometry ?) Zoyezetsa zina zingaphatikizepo mayesero ena a pulmonary, measurement blood gas, ndi chifuwa x-pokosi CT.
Mavuto
Zovuta zina zomwe zingachitike mwa anthu omwe ali ndi COPD ndi awa:
- Matenda opatsirana (omwe nthawi zambiri amayambitsa kuchuluka kwa COPD).
- Matenda a mtima, monga mpweya wochepa wa mpweya umayambitsa mavuto pamtima.
- Khansa ya m'magazi - COPD ndizoopsa payekha pa khansa ya m'mapapo, kutanthauza kuti osuta fodya omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'mapapo kapena emphysema amakhala ndi khansa ya m'mapapo kusiyana ndi osuta fodya omwe ali ndi matenda a khansa kapena emphysema.
- Kutaya thupi.
- Kupweteka kwambiri kwa magazi.
- Kusokonezeka maganizo.
Kuchiza kwa COPD
Malangizo a chithandizo cha COPD amadalira pa siteji ndi mitundu ina. Mankhwala ena ndi awa:
- Kusiya kusuta ndi chinthu chimodzi chofunikira kwambiri pakuchiza matenda. Ngakhale kuti sichidzasintha chiwonongeko chammbuyo, chikhoza kuchepetsa kukula kwa matendawa.
- Mafupa ndi chibayo pofuna kuteteza matenda.
- Mankhwala - Mankhwala Omwe Amagwiritsidwa Ntchito Amodzi Amaphatikizapo mankhwala omwe amachititsa nthawi yayitali, omwe amachititsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Chithandizo nthawi zambiri chimagwera mu magawo awiri. Mankhwala osamalira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku komanso ngati alibe zizindikiro. Kupulumutsa mankhwala ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zizindikiro zikuipiraipira, monga zovuta.
- Thandizo la okosijeni - Pamene zizindikiro zikuluzikulu, mankhwala owonjezera okosijeni angafunike. Mwamwayi pali zowonongeka zowonjezera ma oxygen zomwe zimalola anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi COPD kuti akhale moyo wathanzi.
- Kukonzekera kwazowonongeka n - Monga kubwezeretsa matenda ena, kukonzanso mapulitsi kungathandize kusiyana kwa anthu ena okhala ndi COPD.
- Kusamalira Ukhondo wa Indoor Air and Exposures - Kupewa utsi wothandizira ndi zina zowopsa ndi gawo lofunikira la kuyang'anira COPD.
- Opaleshoni Yamakono - Njira ziwiri za opaleshoni zingaganizidwe kuti ndi COPD. Kuchita opaleshoni yochepetsa opaleshoni kungagwiritsidwe ntchito kuchotsa minofu yowonongeka. Mu COPD kwambiri, kusintha kwa mapapo kungapangidwe .
> Zotsatira:
> American College of Chifu Physicians. COPD. Kusinthidwa 12/16.