Kulephera kwa AAT, kapena kufooka kwa Alpha-1-antitrypsin, ndi matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kusowa kwa mapuloteni oteteza, Alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT), kawirikawiri yopangidwa ndi chiwindi. Kwa ambiri a ife omwe tili ndi AAT, puloteni yaying'ono imathandiza kwambiri kukhala ndi mapapu abwino. Koma kwa iwo omwe ali ndi vuto la AAT, nkhaniyi imatenga zosiyana.
Anthu omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino, mapapu ali ndi neutrophil elastase, imadzimadzi a chilengedwe omwe - panthawi yomwe zimakhala bwino - amathandiza mapapu kukumba zowonongeka, maselo okalamba ndi mabakiteriya. Njira imeneyi imalimbikitsa machiritso a mapapo. Mwatsoka, mavitaminiwa sadziwa nthawi yoti ayime, ndipo pamapeto pake amenyana ndi minofu yamapapu mmalo mowathandiza kuchiza. Ndiko komwe AAT akulowera. Mwa kuwononga serayi isanayambe kuwononga minofu yamapapu yathanzi, mapapo amapitiriza kugwira ntchito mwachizolowezi. Ngati palibe AAT yokwanira, minofu ya mapapo idzapitiriza kuwonongedwa nthawi zina imatsogolera ku emphysema.
Kodi Ndingatani Kuti Ndikhale ndi Cholowa cha AAT?
Pamene mwana wabadwa, amachokera ku magawo awiri a majeremusi a AAT, mmodzi kuchokera kwa kholo lililonse. Mwanayo adzakhala ndi vuto la AAT ngati magulu onse a majeremusi a AAT ali osalimba. Ngati mliri umodzi wa AAT uli wodabwitsa ndipo winayo ndi wabwinobwino, ndiye kuti mwanayo adzakhala "wonyamulira" wa matenda, koma sangakhale ndi matenda omwewo.
Ngati zonsezi zimakhala zachilendo, ndiye kuti mwanayo sangazunzidwe ndi matendawa, ngakhalenso kuti sangatengeke.
Ngati mwapezeka kuti muli ndi vuto la AAT, ndi bwino kuti muyankhule ndi dokotala wanu kuti mukhale ndi anthu ena omwe akuyesera matendawa, kuphatikizapo ana anu onse.
Ngati mulibe ana, dokotala wanu angakulimbikitseni kuti mupeze uphungu wambirimbiri musanapange chisankho.
Kuti mudziwe zambiri funsani Alpha-1 Foundation Website kapena muitaneni apailesi yawo: 1-800-245-6809.
Ziwerengero
Kulephera kwa AAT kwapezeka pakati pa anthu onse, chikhalidwe ndi mtundu. American Lung Association akulingalira kuti pali anthu pafupifupi 100,000 ku United States omwe anabadwa ndi kusowa kwa AAT. Pakati pa anthu ambiri, matendawa a AAT angakhale ofala. Komanso, popeza kufooka kwa AAT kawirikawiri kumakhala kosadziŵika bwino kapena kusadziŵika bwino, pafupifupi 3% mwa milandu yonse ya emphysema yokhudzana ndi kusowa kwa AAT siinapezeke konse.
Padziko lonse lapansi, anthu 116 miliyoni amanyamula kusowa kwa AAT. Mwa awa, pafupifupi 25 miliyoni amakhala ku United States. Ngakhale ogwira ntchito sakhala ndi matenda omwewo, amatha kupatsira ana awo matendawo. Poganizira izi, bungwe la World Health Organization (WHO) limalimbikitsa kuti anthu onse omwe ali ndi COPD , komanso achikulire ndi achinyamata omwe ali ndi mphumu , ayesedwe kufooka kwa AAT.
Kuopsa kokhala ndi mimba yotchedwa AAT yowonjezera kwambiri kumawonjezera anthu omwe amasuta. Bungwe la American Lung Association linati kusuta sikungowonjezera chiwopsezo cha emphysema ngati muli ndi kusowa kwa AAT, koma kungachepetsenso moyo wanu zaka khumi.
Zizindikiro ndi zizindikiro za kuchepa kwa AAT
Chifukwa chakuti amtundu wotchedwa AAT wokhudzana ndi emphysema nthawi zina amabwera kumbuyo kwa mitundu yovomerezeka ya COPD, kuyesetsa kwapangidwe kwazaka zambiri kuti apeze njira zozisiyanitsa. Malingana ndi Chifuwa , ziwalo ziwiri zazikulu za emphysema zokhudzana ndi vuto lalikulu la AAT ziyenera kuchititsa kuti anthu azikayikira za matenda a AAT.
Choyamba, zizindikiro za emphysema mwa anthu osalephera a AAT nthawi zambiri samachitika mpaka zaka khumi kapena zisanu ndi ziwiri za moyo. Malingana ndi American Lung Association, izi siziri zoona kwa anthu omwe ali ndi emphysema ya AAT. Kwa anthu awa, kuyamba kwa zizindikiro kumachitika kale kwambiri, kawirikawiri pakati pa zaka 32 ndi 41.
Chinthu china chofunika chomwe chimasiyanitsa AAT yokhudzana ndi emphysema kuchokera kwa mnzake yemwe si AAT omwe sali wotsutsana ndi malo omwe amapezeka m'mapapo omwe matendawa amawonekera. Kwa iwo amene ali ndi emphysema omwe ali ndi vuto la AAT, matendawa amapezeka m'mapapu, koma mu matenda osagwirizana ndi AAT, matendawa amakhudza chigawo chakumapapu. Zonsezi zingathandize wothandizira zaumoyo kuti adziwe bwinobwino.
Zizindikiro zowoneka bwino za AAT zolephera emphysema ndi izi:
- Dyspnea
- Kupuma
- Chifuwa chosakanikirana ndi kuchuluka kwa mankhwala osuta
- Kubwereza chifuwa chimfine
- Jaundice
- Kutupa kwa mimba kapena miyendo
- Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kulekerera
- Matenda osamva kapena osamva omwe amatha chaka chonse
- Matenda osadziwika omwe ali ndi chiwindi kapena michere yambiri ya chiwindi
- Bronchiectasis
Kuzindikira ndi Kuyesedwa
Kuyezetsa magazi mosavuta kungauze dokotala ngati muli ndi vuto la AAT. Chifukwa cha kufunika koyambitsa matenda, University of South Carolina yakhazikitsa pulogalamu, mothandizidwa ndi Alpha-1 Foundation, yomwe imalola kuti anthu omwe ali pachiopsezo adziyesedwe kwaulere, kwachinsinsi.
Kutenga matenda oyambirira ndi kofunika chifukwa kusuta fodya ndi kuchiza msanga kungathandize kuchepetsa kukula kwa matenda a AAT.
Kuti mudziwe zambiri za kuyesedwa, chonde tumizani Alfa-1 Wolemba Zofufuza pa Medical University of South Carolina pa 1-877-886-2383 kapena pitani ku Alpha-1 Foundation.
Werengani zambiri za momwe matenda a AAT amatha kukhalira ndipo ayenera kuyesedwa.
Chithandizo cha kuchepa kwa AAT
Kwa anthu amene ayamba kusonyeza zizindikiro za emphatic AAT, mankhwalawa angakhale njira yopatsira chithandizo chomwe chingathandize kuteteza mapapo kuti asatengere mbali yowonongeka, neutrophil elastase.
Njira yowonjezereka ndi yopereka mawonekedwe a AAT omwe amachokera ku plasma ya munthu. Amadzutsa chiwerengero cha AAT m'magazi. Mukangoyamba kulandira mankhwala, muyenera kudwala mankhwala. Izi ndi chifukwa ngati mutayima, mapapu anu abwerera kuntchito yawo yam'mbuyomu yowonongeka ndipo neutrophil elastase idzayamba kuwononga mapepala anu a mapapo.
Sikuti kokha mankhwala othandizira amachepetsa kuchepa kwa mapapu kwa anthu omwe ali ndi emphysema yokhudzana ndi AAT, koma angathandizenso kuchepetsa mafupipafupi a matenda a mapapu. Mu kafukufuku wofalitsidwa mu Chifuwa , mankhwala ochiritsira amawonetsedwa kuti ali ndi ubale wolimba ndi kuchepetsa kwakukulu mufupipafupi ndi kuopsa kwa matenda a mapapu ogwirizanitsidwa ndi emphysema ya AAT. Phunziroli linatsimikizira kuti ngakhale kuti emphysema imakhalabe yosasinthika, matenda opatsirana kwambiri a m'mapapo angachepetse, amatha kuchepetsa kukula kwa matenda a AAT omwe amachititsa kuti munthu akhale ndi moyo wapamwamba.
Kuti mumve zambiri zokhudza kusowa kwa AAT kapena mankhwala othandizira, kambiranani ndi wothandizira zaumoyo wanu kapena pitani ku Alpha-1 Foundation.
Zotsatira:
Association of Lung America. Alpha-1 Yogwirizana ndi Emphysema http://www.lungusa.org. November, 2006.
American Thoracic Society. Chikhalidwe cha American Thoracic Society / European Respiratory Society Chidule: Miyezo ya Kusanthula ndi Kulamulira kwa Anthu Omwe Ali ndi Alfa-1 Antitrypsin Asowa " ATS: December 2002. ERS: February, 2003.
Chigawo cha Alpha-1. https://www.alpha1.org/
Lieberman, J. "Kupatsirana Kwambiri Kwambiri Kumachepetsa Mliri Wambiri wa Matenda a M'mapapo mu Kutayika kwa Antitrypsin: New Hypothesis With Support Data". Chifuwa cha 2000; 118; 1480-1485.
Stoller, J., MD, FCCP. "Zochitika M'zipatala ndi Mbiri Yachilengedwe ya Kulephera Kwambiri kwa Alpha-1 Antitrypsin". Chifuwa 1997; 111: 123S-128S.