Matenda osokoneza bongo (COPD) ndi matenda opweteka, omwe sungatheke m'mapapu anu omwe amawapangitsa kukhala ovuta kupuma. Zizindikiro zambiri zimaphatikizapo chifuwa chachikulu, kupuma, kupanga mpweya, kupuma pang'ono, ndi kumverera kolimba mu chifuwa chanu, ngakhale kuti zizindikirozi sizingatheke kufikira mutakhala mliri wa matendawa.
COPD ndi yosachiritsika, koma ndi matenda osatetezeka komanso ochiritsidwa ndipo poyamba mutayamba kuchipatala, zimakhala bwino kwambiri.
COPD ndiyo imfa yaikulu yachitatu ku United States, yoyamba ndi matenda a mtima ndi khansa yokha. Amapezeka makamaka kwa anthu oposa zaka 40 ndipo amakhudza anthu oposa 11 miliyoni a ku America. Komabe, mamiliyoni ambiri achikulire ali ndi umboni wa kupweteka kwa mapapo, kutanthauza kuti pali mwayi waukulu wa kusadziŵika bwino.
Momwe COPD imakhudzira Mapula
COPD imadziwika ndi kuchepetsa mpweya wa mpweya-mpaka mkati ndi kunja kwa mapapo-omwe sungatheke kusinthika. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mpweya wotsika umatuluka mkati ndi m'mapapo anu chifukwa cha chimodzi kapena zingapo izi:
- Mpweya wamapiko ndi alveoli (mapaipi a mpweya kumene kusinthika kwa gasi kumachitika) amatha kutaya ndipo samatha kutambasula pamene mupuma.
- Makoma omwe ali pakati pa alveoli amawonongeka.
- Chipinda cha mlengalenga chimakhala chowopsa ndipo chikuyaka.
- Mipope ya mpweya imayika kwambiri ntchentche kuposa momwe iyenera kuchitira, kuwapangitsa kuti aziphimba.
Kuperewera kwa kayendedwe ka ndege ku COPD kukupita patsogolo, kutanthauza kuti kumawononga nthawi. Zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi mapulogalamu anu osakanikirana otentha m'mapapu anu mpaka kukhumudwitsa, monga utsi wa ndudu, kuipitsa mpweya, kapena mankhwala owopsa.
Mitundu ya COPD
COPD ndilo mawu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza matenda a m'mapapo kuphatikizapo:
- Emphysema: Matenda omwe amabwera chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa alveoli , kamtunda kakang'ono kwambiri m'mapapu kumene mpweya wamapweya ndi carbon dioxide umachitika, mpweya umayamba chifukwa cha kusuta. Pali alveoli ochepa omwe amapezeka chifukwa cha kutupa ndi kupweteka, ndipo zotsalazo zimawopsya, zimataya mtima komanso zimawombera mpweya. Mutha kujambula izi ngati buluni yomwe yasokonezeka koma mpweya umatsala ngakhale pamene buluni ikugwa (monga kutuluka kunja).
- Chithokomiro cha matenda a bronchitis: Chifukwa cha matenda a bronchitis , matenda anu amatha kutentha kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mukhale wochepa kwambiri. Izi zimachititsanso kuti kuwonjezeka kwa ntchentche, komwe kumadzaza mlengalenga, kukulepheretse kupuma.
- Bronchiectasis: Mu bronchiectasis , mpweya wanu umasungunuka, womwe nthawi zambiri umayambitsidwa ndi matenda opatsirana opatsirana nthawi yomwe mudali mwana. Kutupa kumathandizanso kupanga ntchentche, zomwe zimalepheretsanso kuyendetsa ndege.
Kawirikawiri, anthu omwe ali ndi COPD amakhala ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana panthawi yomweyo. N'zotheka kukhala ndi chigawo cha mphumu ndi matenda, chinthu chofunikira pamene mukuwerengera chithandizo.
Zizindikiro
COPD nthawi zambiri imakhala yopanda mphamvu (popanda zizindikilo) mpaka kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa mapapo kwachitika kale. Ndi matenda opitirirabe omwe anthu ambiri amakhala nawo nthawi yomwe amakhala osasinthasintha, kuphatikizapo zovuta zowonjezereka (kuwonjezereka) kwa matendawa. Zizindikiro zofala zimaphatikizapo:
- Kupuma pang'ono (dyspnea), makamaka pambuyo poyesera
- Kulimbikira, chifuwa cha tsiku ndi tsiku
- Kupanga mankhwala opopera (kutsekemera mmphuno) yomwe ingakhale yoyera, yoyera, yachikasu, kapena yobiriwira
- Kupuma
- Kutopa
- Matenda opatsirana kawirikawiri
- Chimake cha chifuwa
- Cyanosis (kutuluka kwa bluis kwa milomo ndi mabedi osungiramo misomali)
Zizindikiro zowonjezereka zomwe zingayende limodzi ndi magawo akuluakulu a matendawa zimaphatikizapo kulemera kwa thupi, kusowa kwa njala (kuthamanga kwa anorexia ), ndi kutopa .
Nyerere, phazi, kapena kutupa kwa mwendo kungabwere chifukwa cha zotsatira za mankhwala kapena mavuto a mtima omwe alipo. Nkhawa ndi kupsinjika maganizo ndizochidziwikiratu zizindikiro za COPD zomwe chithandizo choonjezera chingakhale chofunikira kuti chitukuko cha moyo ndi kuchepetsa ngozi ya kuchuluka kwa COPD .
Zimayambitsa
Zina mwa zifukwa za COPD zikuphatikizapo kusuta fodya, kaya mumasuta nokha kapena muli ndi utsi wambiri, ntchito ya mankhwala, kutuluka kwa mpweya ndi kunja kwa mpweya, ndipo nthawi zambiri, matenda a chibadwa omwe amatchedwa alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) . Anthu omwe ali ndi mphumu nthawi zina amakhala ndi COPD.
Kudziwa
Kuti mudziwe bwinobwino matenda omwe amachititsa kuti matendawa asapitirire, mbiri yakale komanso kuunika kwa thupi lanu ziyenera kutengedwa zomwe ziyenera kuyambira ndi wothandizira zaumoyo wanu akufunseni mafunso okhudza mbiri ya banja lanu, komanso mbiri yanu yokhudza kusuta fodya ndi mitundu ina ya chilengedwe ndi / kapena kuwonetsa ntchito. Zowonjezera mayesero oyeza matenda angaphatikizepo:
- Mayeso a magazi (kuphatikizapo magetsi opha magazi ndi kuchuluka kwa magazi , makamaka magulu a hemoglobin ndi hematocrit )
- Chifuwa cha X-ray (chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pothandizira matenda a COPD, osati kupereka chitsimikizo chotsimikizira)
- Ntchito yamapulogalamuyi imayesedwa ngati spirometry, mayesero a kufalikira kwa mapapo, kapena thupi la plethysmography
- Sungani ma oximetry
- Kuwunika kwa kuchepa kwa AAT
Pali magawo anai a COPD: ofatsa, ochepa, owopsa, ndi oopsa kwambiri. Kafukufuku wamagetsi amapezeka ku ofesi ya dokotala ndi mayeso a spirometry.
Chithandizo
COPD si chilango cha imfa; ndi chithandizo choyenera, chikhoza kulamulidwa. Izi zinati, pali zifukwa zomwe zimakhudza moyo wa COPD, makamaka thupi lanu (BMI), mlingo wa kukanika kwa ndege, madigiri a dyspnea, ndi kupirira kwanu.
Chithandizo chabwino cha COPD ngati mumasuta ndiko kusiya mwamsanga. Ngakhale kuti izi sizidzasintha zowonongeka zomwe muli nazo, zingathandize kuchepetsa kukula kwa COPD yanu. Njira zina zothandizira mankhwala ndi izi:
- Mankhwala: Mankhwala amodzi a COPD amachititsa kuti mankhwalawa asamalidwe , amachititsa kuti corticosteroids isamveke , mankhwala opatsirana am'thupi, expectorants , phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors , ndi maantibayotiki . Chithandizo nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magulu awiri: mankhwala opangira, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku komanso ngati palibe zizindikiro, komanso mankhwala opulumutsa, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zizindikiro zowonjezereka, monga zovuta.
- Kuchiza kwa okosijeni: Pamene zizindikiro zikukhala zovuta kwambiri, mankhwala owonjezera okosijeni angapangidwe. Mwamwayi pali zowonongeka zowonjezera ma oxygen zomwe zimalola anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi COPD kuti akhale moyo wathanzi.
- Kukonzekera kwa kayendetsedwe ka zida: Monga ngati kukonzanso matenda ena, kukonzanso mapulitsi kumatha kupanga kusiyana kwakukulu kwa anthu ena okhala ndi COPD.
- Kuthamanga kwa mfuti ndi katemera wa chibayo: Izi zimathandiza kupewa matenda.
- Kuchita opaleshoni yokha: Kuchita opaleshoni zitatu kungaganizidwe kuti ndi COPD yoopsa: Kuchita opaleshoni yochepetsetsa buku kungagwiritsidwe ntchito kuchotsa minofu yowonongeka. Dokotala wanu angakulimbikitseni bullectomy , yomwe imachotsa bullae m'mapapu anu. Mu COPD kwambiri, kusintha kwa mapapo kungapangidwe. Ochepa chabe a odwala COPD amatha kuchitidwa opaleshoni pamene madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito njira zoyenera kuti asankhe opaleshoni. Kupewera opaleshoni sikukuwonjezera kupulumuka kwanu, koma kumapangitsa kuti mukhale ndi moyo wabwino.
- Njira zoyendetsera ndege: Izi ndi njira zowonongera ntchentche kuchokera kumtunda wanu , kuphatikizapo kukhwima, chifuwa physiotherapy, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito expectorants.
Kulimbana
Kukhala ndi COPD kumaphatikizapo zakuthupi, zamaganizo, zachikhalidwe, ndi zothandiza. Muyenera kuyang'ana kudandaula ndi nkhawa, kuyamba kapena kusunga masewera olimbitsa thupi, kuyesetsa kusiya kusuta, kupeza chithandizo, onetsetsani kuti muli ndi zakudya zopatsa thanzi, kuyankhulana ndi anthu m'moyo wanu, ndi kuchepetsa nkhawa yanu.
Kusamalira
Ngati mukusamalira wokondedwa ndi COPD , mukhoza kumuthandiza kuthetsa zizindikiro, kusiya kusuta, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kusamalira zakudya zabwino, kusunga mphamvu, komanso kuthana ndi kutha kwa moyo monga kupweteka, kukhumudwa, ndi chisokonezo .
Kupewa
Ngakhale kuti matendawa amachiritsidwa, ziyenera kutsindika kuti mutakhala ndi COPD, kuwonongeka sikungasinthike ndipo palibe mankhwala omwe amadziwika. Komabe, nkofunika kuti mutenge njira iliyonse yomwe mungathere kuti muwononge kuwonongeka.
Ngati mulibe COPD koma mukuganiza kuti muli pachiopsezo, zotsatirazi zingakuthandizenso kuti zisadzachitike:
- Ngati mumasuta, muyenera kuyesetsa kusiya ASAP .
- Ngati mumakhala ndi munthu yemwe amasuta, onetsetsani kuti sasuta fodya. Komanso, palibe amene ayenera kusuta mwana alipo.
- Ngati mumagwira ntchito mozungulira mankhwala oopsa, fumbi, kapena mitundu ina ya ngozi zomwe zingawononge mapapu anu, onetsetsani kuti muli ndi zipangizo zoteteza kuphatikizapo maski ndi magolovesi.
- Ngati muli pa chiopsezo chotenga nthendayi monga momwe adokotala amatsimikizira, pitirizani kutuluka mliriwu.
- Phunzirani momwe mungakulitsire khalidwe la mpweya m'nyumba mwanu .
- Tengani mayeso a spirometry kuti mukhale ndi mwayi wozindikira mwamsanga.
Mawu Ochokera
Ngati muli ndi zifukwa zoopsa za COPD kapena mukuganiza kuti mungakhale nazo, onani dokotala mwamsanga. Poyambira mukuyamba mankhwala, zikhoza kukhala bwino. Pali zinthu zomwe mungachite kuti muzitha kuchepetsa zizindikiro za COPD. Chofunika kwambiri komanso chogwira ntchito kwambiri ndicho kusiya kusuta . Kusiya kusuta kumawongolera nthawi zonse komanso moyo wa anthu omwe amakhala ndi COPD. Zakudya zabwino ndi zochita masewera olimbitsa thupi tsiku ndi tsiku ndizofunika kwambiri kuti mukhale ndi moyo wabwino. Ndi chithandizo ndi kasamalidwe ka zizindikiro zanu, mukhoza kukhala ndi moyo wabwino kwambiri.
> Zotsatira:
> Association of Lung America. Kodi COPD imakhudza bwanji thupi lanu? Idasinthidwa pa November 1, 2016.
> Association of Lung America. Chimene chimayambitsa COPD. Idasinthidwa pa December 23, 2017.
> Njira Yoyamba Yopeweratu Matenda Opatsirana. Mchitidwe Wadziko Lonse Wofufuza, Kuteteza , ndi Kuteteza Matenda Osawononga Zachilombo: Zizindikiro za 2018 . Lofalitsidwa November 20, 2017.
> National Heart, Lung, ndi Blood Institute. COPD. National Institute of Health. Undondomeko wa Umoyo wa Anthu ku US.