Zimene Taphunzira ndi Momwe Iwo Anayendera Patsogolo
Kuyambira m'masiku oyambirira a mliri wa HIV, asayansi akhala akuwona anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV omwe sanapite ku Edzi ndipo adatha kukhala ndi ma CD4 olimbitsa thupi komanso mavitamini ochepa omwe sapezeka , nthawi zambiri.
M'zaka zaposachedwapa, momwe sayansi ya kachilombo ka HIV yayamba kupititsa patsogolo, njira zina zamankhwala zikuwonekera kuti zakhala ndi zotsatira zofanana (kapena zofanana) kwa anthu omwe amadziwika ndi kachilombo ka HIV-ngakhale ngakhale " kuchokera ku matupi awo.
Zomwe taphunzira ndikupitiriza kuphunzira kuchokera kwa anthuwa tsiku limodzi zimapereka asayansi ndi zidziwitso zofunikira kuti zitha kusinthira kachilombo ka HIV kapena kuthetseratu kachilombo ka HIV.
Pano pali kufotokoza mwachidule kwa magulu kapena anthu omwe "adanyenga" kachilombo ka HIV ndipo anathandiza kuti sayansi ya HIV ipite patsogolo:
Stephen Crohn, "Munthu Yemwe Sangathe Kudwala Edzi"
Stephen Crohn, yemwe amatchedwa "Munthu yemwe sangathe kutenga AIDS" ndi nyuzipepala ya Independent ya UK, anapezeka kuti anali ndi vuto loti "delta 32" kusinthika kwa CCR5 pamapepala ake a CD4, kusintha kumene kumalepheretsa HIV imalowetsa maselo omwe amateteza mthupi. Crohn choyamba adayamba kukumbukira Dr. Bill Paxton wa bungwe lofufuza za AIDS ku Aaron Diamond mu 1996 pambuyo poyesedwa kuti asapereke zizindikiro za matenda ngakhale atakhala ndi zibwenzi zambiri, omwe anafa ndi AIDS. Kusintha kumeneku kwakhala kukudziwika ndi anthu osachepera 1%.
Kupezeka kwa chomwe chimatchedwa "CCR5-delta-32" kusinthika kunayambitsa kupanga CCR5-inhibitor-class drug mankhwala a Maraviroc (Maraviroc) , komanso njira yowunikiramo maselo ogwiritsira ntchito maselo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito "kugwira ntchito mwakhama" Timoteo Ray Brown mu 2009 ( onani m'munsimu ).
Atabadwa mu 1946, Crohn anadzipha pa August 23, 2013, ali ndi zaka 66.
Timothy Ray Brown, "Woleza Mtima wa Berlin"
Timothy Ray Brown, yemwe amadziwikanso kuti "Woleza Mtima wa Berlin," ndi munthu woyamba amene amakhulupirira kuti "adachiritsidwa" ndi HIV.
Atabadwira ku US, Brown anapatsidwa mafuta opangira mafupa m'chaka cha 2009 kuti athetse matenda ake a m'magazi. Madokotala ku Charité Hospital ku Berlin, Germany adasankha zopereka zothandizira maselo awiri ndi kusintha kwa CCR5-delta-32, omwe amadziwika kuti ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV. Kuyesedwa kawirikawiri kamene kamangotengedwa kumene kunawonetsa kuti ma antibodies a HIV adachepetsedwa kuti atsimikizireni kuthetseratu kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa.
Pamene Brown akupitirizabe kusonyeza kuti ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a Edzi, zidutswa ziwiri zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi madokotala ku Brigham ndi Women's Hospital sizinathe kupeza zotsatira zofanana, ndipo odwala onse omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV kamatha miyezi khumi ndi isanu ndi itatu yosawerengeka. Odwala awa sanafalike ndi kusintha kwa Delta 32, komabe.
"Wopereka 45"
Mu 2010, bambo wina wa ku Africa ndi Amayi, yemwe amadziwika kuti "Donor 45," adapezeka kuti ali ndi HIV yowononga kachilombo ka HIV yotchedwa VRC01 ndi ofufuza a Vaccine Research Center a National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID).
Chomwe chinali chovuta kwambiri kuti adziwe chinali chakuti VRC01 imatha kumangirira 90% mwa mavuto onse a HIV, kuteteza kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa ngakhale kachilomboka kamasintha.
Chifukwa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kachilombo ka HIV , ma antibodies ambiri otetezeka sangathe kukwaniritsa ntchitoyi.
Kupeza kumeneku kunathandizira kufufuza zambiri pa zomwe zimachititsa kuti thupi lisatetezedwe kwambiri , lomwe tsiku lina likhoza kupewa kapena kuchepetsa matenda popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opatsirana pogonana.
Kafukufuku wotsatira mu 2011 adatulukira anthu awiri omwe ali ndi HIV omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a VRC01.
Visconti Cohort
Mu April 2013, nkhani ya mwana wa Mississippi "inachiritsidwa" ndi kachilombo koyambitsa kachilombo ka HIV. Mwanayo, atapatsidwa chithandizo cha antiretroviral pa nthawi yoberekera, adanenedwa kuti anali atachotsedwa kachilombo ndipo "adachiritsidwa" ndi kachirombo ka HIV .
Pamene mwanayo adzalandira kachilombo ka HIV m'chaka cha 2014 , akutsutsa zotsutsa za mankhwala oterowo, adakalipo ndondomeko kuti kuyambitsidwa kwa mankhwala mofulumira kungakhale ndi phindu lake popewera kachilombo ka HIV kubisala m'mabwalo ambiri a m'thupi.
Pambuyo pa vuto la mwana wa Mississippi linali lipoti lochokera ku France kumene odwala 14 mwa 70 pa phunziro la Visconti omwe adakalipo adanenedwa kuti akhoza kuteteza mavitamini osatulutsidwa popanda mankhwala pambuyo poti atumizidwa ma antiretroviral mkati mwa milungu khumi ya matenda.
Pa milandu yonseyi, chithandizo chinaimitsidwa msanga ndi wodwalayo. Pa khumi ndi asanu (14) omwe amatha kupitirizabe kuteteza ma ARV (ena kwa zaka zopitirira zisanu ndi ziwiri), ziwerengero za CD4 zawonjezeka kuchoka pa 500 mpaka 900 maselo / mL pamene matenda a tizilombo amachoka kuchoka ku 500,000 mpaka osachepera 50 maselo / mL. Kafukufuku wina akuchitidwa kuti adziwe ngati zina, chibadwa kapena virological, zathandizira zotsatira.
Phunziroli linathandiza kulimbitsa mkangano wa "kuyesa ndi kuchiza" njira yomwe mankhwala oyambirira angagwirizanitse ndi mphamvu yowonjezera. Ngakhale atangoyamba kuchitapo kanthu angathe kubwezeretsa matenda-monga momwe ena adayankhulira ndi vuto la mwana wa Mississippi-amakhalabe kukayikira. Ambiri mwa maulamuliro tsopano akusonyeza kuti "kukhululukidwa koyenera" ndilo mawu oyenerera kwambiri, chifukwa cha zolepheretsedweratu m'makalata oyambirira "ochiritsira ntchito".
Mtsikana wa ku France Wopambana HIV
Mu Julayi 2015, asayansi a ku France adalengezanso kachilombo ka HIV, komabe nthawiyi ali ndi msungwana wazaka 18 yemwe adatha kuteteza matendawa kwa zaka 12 popanda mankhwala opatsirana pogonana. Monga mwana wa Mississippi asanamwalire, mnyamatayo anapatsidwa mankhwala othandizira pa nthawi yoberekera, zomwe adauzidwa zaka zisanu ndi zisanu-nthawi zambiri ndi zochitika za chiwopsezo cha tizilombo chifukwa chosowa mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
M'chaka chachisanu, makolo ake adamuchotsa pa pulogalamu ya kafukufuku ndipo amasiya mankhwala onsewo. Atabwerera chaka chimodzi, iwo ndi ochita kafukufuku adadabwa kuona kuti mwanayo ali ndi nthendayi yosaoneka yomwe ali nayo.
Kafukufuku wamtsogolo adzawunikira njira, ma genetic kapena zina, kuti azitha kulamulira achinyamata onse a ku France komanso anzake akuluakulu a gulu la Visconti.
Zotsatira:
Hütter, G ;; Nowak, D .; Mossner, M .; et al. "Kulamulira Kwambiri Kwambiri kwa HIV ndi CCR5 Delta32 / Delta32 Tsinde-Kusuntha kwa Cell." New England Journal of Medicine. February 12, 2009; 360: 692-698.
Zhang, Z ;; Wu, X .; Longo, N .; et al. "Zozama Zomwe zikugwirizana ndi kafukufuku wa nthawi yaitali wa VRC01-ngati anti -body response in munthu wodwala matenda." Kutembenukira kwazako. September 13, 2012; 9 (2): O36.
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID). "'Mississippi Baby' tsopano akuwoneka kuti ali ndi HIV, ofufuza amapeza." SayansiDaily. July 10, 2014.
Sáez-Cirión, A .; Bacchus, C .; Momwemo, L .; et al. "Otsogolera Odwala HIV-1 Otsatira Okhululukidwa Kwachilendo Kwanthaŵi yaitali Pambuyo Kusokonezeka kwa Njira Yoyamba Yachilombo ka HIV Yoyamba Yoyamba." PLoS Pathology. March 14, 2013; 0 (3): e1003211.
Frange, P .; Faye, A .; Avettand-Fenoëll, et al. "Kutulutsa kachilombo ka HIV kwa zaka zoposa 11 mutatha kusokonezeka kwa mankhwala oyambitsidwa ndi kachilombo ka HIV m'thupi mwa mwana yemwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV." Msonkhano wa 8 wa IAS pa HIV Pathogenesis, Treatment and Prevention; July 20, 2015; Vancouver, British Columbia; zolemba pamlomo MOAA0105LB.