Zikhulupiriro zimapitirizabe ndi kumasulira kuwonjezeka kwa kachilombo ka HIV
Ngakhale kuti kachilombo koyambitsa kachilombo ka HIV sikungokhala chinthu chatsopano, poyambira kumbuyo kwa AIDS omwe amatsutsa zakumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1980, zotsatira za zikhulupilirozi zikupitirizabe kusokoneza anthu ambiri.
Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa 2013 omwe afukufuku a ku UCLA anapeza, pafupifupi mmodzi mwa anthu atatu a ku America omwe ali ndi zaka 50 kapena kuposerapo anakhala ndi kachikhulupiriro ka HIV, chiwerengero chomwe chimagwirizana kwambiri ndi phunziro lapitalo limene mmodzi mwa anthu atatu a ku America amakhulupirira kuti kachilombo ka HIV kanalengedwa mu labata .
Zambirizi, ziwerengerozi sizosadabwitsa chifukwa kusakhulupirika kwa boma kawirikawiri kumakhala m'madera omwe amalekanitsidwa. Zolephera zodziwika ndi / kapena zenizeni za ogwira ntchito zaumoyo za anthu, zikuphatikizidwa ndi kusakhulupirika kwakukulu kwa anthu onse (momwe tsankhu ndi kusagwirizana pakati pa anthu nthawi zambiri zimawoneka ngati zikufala) zingakhale ngati zivomerezo za zikhulupiliro zomwe zimagwirizana.
Ena nthawi zonse ankanena zikhulupiriro monga:
- Kuletsedwa kwa mankhwala kapena katemera ndi boma.
- HIV ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kulamulira kapena kupha anthu osafunidwa ndi anthu.
- Anthu akugwiritsidwa ntchito monga nkhumba za ngodya ndi makampani osokoneza bongo.
Ngakhale kuti zikhulupiriro izi sizimagwirizana ndi kuchepetsa kachirombo ka HIV kapena kugwiritsira ntchito kondomu , siziwoneka kuti zimakhudza kwambiri mankhwala omatira mankhwala. Kafukufuku wochokera ku Sukulu ya Zamankhwala ya Harvard anasonyeza kuti omwe anali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a kachirombo ka HIV sakanatha kukhala omvera bwino kuposa omwe sanatero.
Mu lipoti lawo, ofufuzawo anamaliza kuti:
"Kufalikira kwa (kachilombo ka HIV) kumapezeka mu maphunzirowa ndi ena ... sitingathe kuwatsutsa kuti ndi osowa kapena oopsa. Zikhulupiriro zoterezi zimatha kuchepetsa nthawi yopulumuka.
Kupezeka kwa mauthenga a kachilombo ka HIV kumapangitsa kuti anthu asamayesetsere poyesa kukayikira anthu omwe akukayikira kale. Zambiri mwazigawozi zimagwira anthu omwe ali pachiopsezo, omwe ali pachiopsezo. (Zifukwa khumi ndi zifukwa zomwe anthu akuda sayenera kuyesa kuyesa HIV) ndi Curtis Cost), pamene ena (monga Bryan Fischer wa American Family Association) amagwiritsa ntchito mauthenga amphamvu kuti apitirize zikhulupiliro zotsutsana zakale.
Zomwe Zimayambitsa Zokhulupirira za HIV
Zikhulupiriro zonyenga sizili zogwirizana ndi mantha ndi kukayikira za HIV koma nthawi zambiri zimasonyeza kusakhulupirika ambiri kumbali ya boma ndi akuluakulu azachipatala.
Malinga ndi kafukufuku wofalitsidwa mu Journal of the American Medical Association Internal Medicine , anthu 49 mwa anthu 100 alionse a ku America okwana 1,351 omwe adafunsidwa akuganiza kuti kachilombo ka HIV kanali kodzipereka mwachangu ku United Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Phunziroli, lomwe linayang'ana zachipatala zokhudzana ndi kachilombo ka HIV ndi matenda ena, linali gawo la kafukufuku wa pa Intaneti kuyambira August mpaka September 2013.
Kusankhidwa kwa ophunzira kunayesedwa kuti ziyimirire anthu ambiri a US mwa zaka, mtundu, ndalama, ndi chiwerewere, pomwe zotsatirazo zinagwirizanitsidwa ndikudziwa momwe zikhulupiliro zina zimakhudzira khalidwe labwino la munthu.
Zomwe mwapeza:
- 49 peresenti amakhulupirira kwambiri kapena amakayikira ngati CIA mwadala mwadzidzidzi chiwerengero chachikulu cha Afirika Achimereka mwachidule cha katemera wa hepatitis.
- 60 peresenti amakhulupirira kwambiri kapena amakayikira kaya boma likudziŵa bwino kuti mafoni a m'manja amachititsa khansara, koma samachita kanthu za izo.
- 56 peresenti amakhulupirira kwambiri kapena amafunsa ngati boma ndi madokotala akubisala kuti katemera wa ana amachititsa autism ndi mavuto ena a maganizo.
- 58 peresenti amakhulupirira mwamphamvu kapena amakayikira ngati kugawidwa kwa dziko lonse kwa zakudya zowonongeka ndi mbali ya chiwonetsero cha mayiko kuti chiwononge chiwerengero cha anthu padziko lapansi.
- 68 peresenti amakhulupirira kwambiri kapena amakayikira ngati US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) akuletsa mwachangu mankhwala achilengedwe a HIV , khansa ndi matenda ena chifukwa cha kukakamizidwa ndi makampani osokoneza bongo.
- 53 peresenti amakhulupirira kwambiri kapena amakayikira ngati kutuluka kwa madzi ndi njira yothetsera zinthu zina za phosphate migodi ku chilengedwe.
Ngakhale ena atha kulengeza kuti ziwembuzi zimakhudza, zotsatira za zikhulupiliro za munthu payekha zimakhala zoopsa kapena zoopsa.
Malinga ndi kafukufuku, anthu omwe amathandizira malingaliro opanga ziwembu nthawi zisanu ndi ziwiri amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a zitsamba kusiyana ndi anthu ambiri. Mofananamo, amodzi okha mwa atatu omwe amadziyesa okha amapeza zochitika za pachaka poyerekezera ndi theka la akulu akulu a ku America. Amakhalanso osagwiritsa ntchito masentimita a dzuwa ndipo nthawi zambiri amapewa matenda a chimfine (zomwe zimawoneka kuti ndi zofunika kwa anthu omwe ali ndi HIV).
Ngakhale kuti lipotili silinagwirizanitse chikhulupiliro cha kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a kachilombo koyambitsa kachilombo ka HIV, kafukufuku wina adanena kuti zikhulupilirozi zikhoza kukhala zifukwa zomwe 20 peresenti ya amayi omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV adakalipobe ndipo ndi 25% amatha kukwaniritsa zowonongeka za tizilombo toyambitsa matenda , amaona ngati njira yabwino yothandizira mankhwala ndi yothandiza.
HIV ndi "Chilango cha Mulungu"
Pambuyo pa nkhani ya kuyezetsa ndi kulandira chithandizo, ambiri m'bungwe la thanzi la anthu akudandaula kuti zikhulupiliro zowonjezereka zidzathandiza kuti kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a Edzi kamangokhala kale m'madera ambiri. Kafukufuku wopangidwa ndi Public Religion Research Institute (PRRI) akusonyeza kuti anthu ena omwe amapita kutchalitchi angakhale otetezeka kwambiri.
Malinga ndi lipotili, anthu 17 pa 100 alionse a ku America amakhulupirirabe kuti kachilombo ka HIV ndi "chilango cha Mulungu" chifukwa cha khalidwe lochita chiwerewere, pofotokozera, pakati pazinthu zina, kuchuluka kwa kachilombo ka HIV pakati pa amuna omwe amagonana ndi amuna (MSM) .
Phunziroli linawonetsa kuti anthu ogwirizana ndi mabungwe ena a tchalitchi anali okhulupirira kwambiri kuposa ena. Ndipotu, pafupifupi 25 peresenti ya Apolotesitanti oyera oyera ndi 20 peresenti ya Apulotesitanti akuda akugwirizana ndi izi, pamodzi ndi 21 peresenti ya anthu a ku Puerto Rico. Mosiyana ndi izi, asilamu asanu ndi awiri okha a Akatolika oyera ndi 10 peresenti ya Apulotesitanti apamwamba akugawana nawo malingaliro awa, poyerekeza ndi asanu ndi atatu mwa anthu osakhulupirira omwe ali ndi chipembedzo chilichonse.
Ngakhale zili choncho, ndizofunikira kuzindikira kuti zikhulupiriro zamtundu uwu ndizochepa kwambiri kuposa momwe zinaliri mmbuyo mu 1992 pamene anthu 36 peresenti ya anthu a ku America adakhulupirira kuti kachilombo ka HIV kanali kokha kuperekedwa kwa chilango chaumulungu.
Koma, zikuoneka kuti chipembedzo ndi gawo chabe la chithunzichi. Malingana ndi kafukufukuwo, kuchotsedwa kwa zikhulupiriro zovuta zachipembedzo zakhala zochepa kuti zisawononge chisokonezo cha anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV. Ndipotu, 65 peresenti yodabwitsa ya anthu a ku America akukhulupirirabe kuti kachilombo ka HIV ndi chifukwa chodziletsa, pomwe 25 peresenti sangalekerere kachilombo ka HIV.
Chimene chikhoza kukhala chodabwitsa kwambiri kwa ena ndi chakuti m'mayiko osauka, komwe ma ARV amakhala ochulukitsa nthawi 1000 kuposa America, zikhulupiliro zoterezi ndizochepa kwambiri. Ndipotu, 41 peresenti ya anthu omwe anafunsidwa amakhulupirira kuti kachilombo ka HIV ndi chifukwa cha khalidwe losayenerera, pamene 48% amakhulupirira kuti palibe amene ali ndi mlandu wokhala ndi kachirombo ka HIV.
Zotsatira:
Ford, C .; Wallace, S .; Newman, P .; et al. "Zikhulupiriro zokhudzana ndi zokhudzana ndi matenda a Edzi komanso kusakhulupirira boma: ubale ndi kachirombo ka HIV pakati pa okalamba omwe ali pachiopsezo." Golologist. December 2013; 53 (6): 973-984.
Bogart, L .; Galvan, F .; Wagner, G; et al. "Kampani Yambiri ya Kachilombo ka HIV Yopanga Zikhulupiriro Zogonana Pakati pa Amuna Achimuna Okhala ndi HIV." AIDS khalidwe. August 2011; 15 (6): 1180-1186.
Bogart, L .; Galvan, F .; Wagner, G; et al. "Zikhulupiriro Zotsutsa Zachilombo ka HIV Zimayenderana ndi Antiretroviral Treatment Kusagwirizana pakati pa Amuna a ku Africa Amayi omwe ali ndi HIV." Journal of Deficiency Immune Deficiency Syndromes. April 2010; 53 (5): 648-655.
Oliver, J. ndi Wood, T. "Zopangira zachipatala ndi zowona zaumoyo ku United States." JAMA Internal Medicine. May 2014; 174 (5): 817-818.
Public Public Research Institute (PRRI). "Survey | A Shifting Landscape: Zaka khumi za Kusintha kwa Maganizo a America pa Ukwati Wokwatirana Naye ndi Matenda a LGBT." Washington, DC; February 26, 2014.