Ngakhale kuti mapulogalamu akuluakulu azachipatala padziko lonse lapansi, matenda akuluakulu amakula
Palibe ponseponse m'dzikoli mliri wa Edzi wakula kwambiri kuposa dziko la Africa. Kwa South Africa, kusokonezeka kwa ndale komanso mbiri yakale ya kukana boma kunabweretsa mliri umene unasokonezeka kwambiri chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1990 ndi kumayambiriro kwa zaka za 2000.
Ngakhale lerolino, ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri amafa chifukwa cha imfa, komanso kulimbikitsidwa kwambiri pa nkhondo ya AIDS, mlingo wa kachilombo ka HIV ukupitirira kukula chaka ndi chaka.
Zotsatira zake, South Africa ndi dziko lomwe liri ndi anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV padziko lonse.
Anthu a ku South African Demographics
Mzinda wa South Africa uli kum'mwera kwenikweni kwa dziko lonse lapansi, South Africa ili ndi anthu pafupifupi 48 miliyoni (pafupifupi theka lachisanu ndi chimodzi kuposa US).
Dzikoli liri ndi zinenero khumi ndi ziwiri, kuphatikizapo Chingerezi, ndi anthu okwana 79% akuda ndi 10% oyera.
Ziwerengero za HIV ku South Africa
Akuti anthu okwana 5,7 miliyoni a ku South Africa amakhala ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a Edzi, omwe amaimira pafupifupi 12% mwa anthu (kapena pafupifupi mmodzi mwa anthu asanu ndi atatu). Ziwerengero zina ndi izi.
- Vuto la HIV pakati pa anthu akuluakulu lero likuposa 18% (kapena pafupifupi mmodzi mwa asanu).
- Mmodzi mwa anthu anayi a zaka zapakati pa 15 ndi 49 amakhulupirira kuti ali ndi HIV.
- Anthu 45 mwa anthu 100 aliwonse omwe amafa m'dzikomo amatha kukhala ndi HIV.
- 13% a anthu akuda a ku South Africa ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV pakati pa azungu a ku South Africa ndi 0.3%.
- Akuti pali ana amasiye okwana 600,000 chifukwa cha AIDS.
Mbiri ya HIV ku South Africa
Mliri wa HIV unayambira ku South Africa chakumapeto kwa 1982. Komabe, popeza dzikoli linali pakati pa kuthetseratu uchigawenga, vuto la kachirombo ka HIV ndilo makamaka lomwe linanyalanyazidwa.
Mwachinsinsi, pamene chisokonezo cha ndale chidalamulira pa TV, kachirombo ka HIV kanayamba kugwira ntchito, kumudzi wachigawenga komanso anthu osasunthika.
Pofika zaka za m'ma 1990, ngakhale momwe kachilombo ka HIV kanakwera ndi 60 peresenti, boma linakhala lochedwa poyankha zomwe zinasanduka tsoka lachilengedwe. Pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1990, Pulezidenti Nelson Mandela adavomereza kuti boma likuyankhira mavuto awo, ndipo nthawi yomwe South Africa idakhala kale ndi anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi HIV padziko lapansi.
Pofika chaka cha 2000, Dipatimenti ya zaumoyo ku South Africa inalongosola ndondomeko ya zaka zisanu zapachilombo ka HIV / AIDS koma idalandira thandizo lochepa kuchokera kwa Purezidenti waku South Africa Thabo Mbeki. Pambuyo pokambirana ndi gulu la anthu odwala Edzi omwe amatsogoleredwa ndi Dr. Peter Duesberg, Mbeki adakana kachilombo ka HIV komweko ndipo m'malo mwake anadzudzula mliriwu wa AIDS pa umphawi, chikhalidwe, ndi umbombo.
Popanda thandizo la boma, ndondomeko ya zaka zisanu siidatulukire mwamsanga monga momwe inalinganizidwira, ndipo ndi zochepa zomwe zimasonyeza kuti zimalandira mankhwala ochepetsa ma ARV . Padakali pano, HIV pakati pa amayi akuyembekezera a ku South Africa inakwera kuchoka pa 8 mpaka 10 pa 1% mu 1990 kufika pa 30% pofika 2000.
Zinangokhala kuchotsa Mbeki kuntchito mu 2008 kuti boma linatenga njira zowonjezera pangoziyi, ndikuyesa kuyesetsa kuti ikhale yovuta kwambiri pulogalamu ya mankhwala a HIV padziko lapansi lero.
Komabe, kuwonjezereka kwa kuwonjezeka kwazomwe kulimbikitsidwa ndi kuchepa kwa chithandizo cha zaumoyo cha boma komanso kufooka kwa ndalama za South Africa Pulezidenti Jacob Zuma. Pakadali pano, anthu osachepera 30 omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV ali ndi mankhwala, pamene achinyamata omwe akudwala matendawa akupitirizabe kuwuka, osazindikira.
Ndi chisankho chaposachedwapa cha Cyril Ramaphosa monga mtsogoleri wa African National Congress (ANC), akuyembekeza kuti chuma cha South Africa chidzasintha ndi kuyesetsa kulimbitsa chiopsezo cha HIV ndi dziko.
Kukula kwa HIV ndi Edzi ku South Africa
Kwa zaka zambiri, anthu a ku South Africa amaganiza kuti HIV / AIDS ndi matenda a anthu osauka.
Ndipo izo zatsala mochuluka zowona, zopanda pang'ono kuletsa kufalikira kwa matenda m'midzi yomwe ili ndi umphawi.
Pakati pa omwe akukhudzidwa kwambiri;
- Achinyamata a zaka zapakati pa 15 ndi 24 amapanga anthu ochuluka kwambiri omwe ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV ku South Africa, pafupifupi 50%.
- Akazi amaika 55% mwa matenda onse atsopano. Kusiyana kwa anthu ndi zachuma, kusowa mphamvu kwa amayi , komanso kugwiriridwa kwakukulu ku South Africa ndi zina mwa zifukwa za manambalawa.
- Amuna omwe amagonana ndi amuna (MSM) ali pachiopsezo chachikulu chotenga HIV ku South Africa, ndipo chiwerengero cha 33% chikupezeka. Njala ya mauthenga omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV kwa amuna okhaokha ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, komanso chisokonezo cha chikhalidwe m'madera ena akuyendetsa galimoto.
- Ogwira ntchito ochokera ku migodi ali pachiopsezo chachikulu cha HIV, ndipo m'madera ena omwe amachitira migodi akuwonetsa matenda opitirira 60%. Anthu amodzi okhawo amadziwika ndi ntchito zamalonda zamalonda zogulitsa malonda pofuna kupanga mvula yabwino ya matenda.
Kupambana ku South Africa HIV Battle
Zingakhale zosalungama kunena kuti chithunzichi chakhala chiwonongeko ndi mdima kwa South Africa. Chimodzi mwa zotsatira zake zazikulu ndi kuchepetsa kufala kwa HIV kuchokera kwa mayi kupita kwa mwana . Pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opatsirana odwala matenda opatsirana pogonana komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opatsirana pogonana a HIV, mlingo wa MTCT wataya 8% mu 2008 kufika pa 2,7% mwa 2012.
Chotsatira chake, chiwerengero cha imfa ya HIV chagwera pakati pa ana chigwera ndi 20%. Ngakhale izi, kuyambitsidwa kwa mankhwala ochepetsa kachilombo ka HIV kumayendetsa bwino kwambiri kwa akuluakulu, ndipo oposa 70% mwa amayi onse akufa ku South Africa amapezeka ndi HIV.
Zotsatira
Human Sciences Resource Council (HSRC). "Kuchuluka kwa HIV / AIDS, Kuchuluka kwa Anthu ndi Kuchita Kanthu, 2012." Pretoria, South Africa; December 2014; yafika pa February 17, 2016.
Natrass, N. "Edzi ndi Scientific Governance of Medicine Pambuyo Pachikhalidwe cha Anthu ku South Africa." Oxford Journals: African Affairs. February 2008; 107 (427): 157-176.
Zachigawo za US za Kuletsa ndi Kupewa Matenda (CDC). "CDC's HIV / AIDS Care and Programs Programs ku South Africa: TB ndi HIV." Atlanta, Georgia; December 5, 2011.
Heywood, M. "Mtengo Wotsutsa." Ndondomeko Yowonjezera Bwino. December 2004; 5 (3).