Ambiri amavomereza kuti kachilombo ka HIV kanayambira chifukwa cha kusakaniza (kapena kusakaniza) kwa mitundu iwiri ya simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) -yina yochokera ku red-capped macabey ndi inayo kuchokera kumphongo kwambiri. SIV yosakanizidwayo ndiye ankakhulupirira kuti yatenga kachilombo ka mtundu wa chimpanzeko ku Central Africa, yomwe idaperekedwa kwa anthu pogwiritsa ntchito magazi komanso magazi.
Zoonotic Matenda
Matenda a zoonotic-omwe amadumpha kuchokera ku zinyama kupita kwa anthu-ndizochitika zosazolowereka, ndi kuwonjezeka kwazinthu zomwe zimasonyeza kuti ngakhale shuga, nthomba ndi diphtheria zingakhale chifukwa cha matenda opatsirana. Salmonellosis , matenda a bakiteriya omwe angapitirire kukhala ndi matenda a Edzi , ndiye chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri, chifukwa nthawi zambiri amayamba kudya nyama, mazira kapena mkaka wodetsedwa.
Kafukufuku watsopano kuchokera kwa ofufuza pa yunivesite ya Oxford adanena kuti "kulumpha" kungakhale kochitika ku Kinshasa, likulu la Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), kwinakwake m'ma 1920 ndipo anali magwero a kachilombo koyambitsa matenda omwe timawadziwa lero.
Kuchepetsa Mafupa Kumatsimikiziranso Chigawo cha Geographical Center
Pofuna kudziwa izi, asayansi anayerekezera mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mavairasi opezeka ku Congo Basin, kuphatikizapo DRC ndi Cameroon. Kodi iwo adatha kuzindikira chiyani, pogwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro za chibadwa ndi mbiri yakale, kuphulika sikuyambike ku Cameroon monga momwe tinkalingalira kale, koma chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa HIV pakati pa Kinshasa ndi Cameroon chifukwa cha malonda a mtsinje.
Ofufuzawo adatsimikizira kuti kachilombo ka HIV komwe kanapezeka ku Kinshasa kakuwonetseratu mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kachilombo ka HIV kusiyana ndi kwina kulikonse-chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuchokera kwa munthu kupita kwa munthu -komanso njira zodziwika kwambiri za HIV.
Kuyambira m'ma 1920 mpaka m'ma 1950, kuthamanga kwa mizinda ndi kuphulika kwa sitimayi kunapangitsa Kinshasa kukhala ofunika kwambiri, kotero kuti pakhale kufalitsa kachilombo ka HIV mu dziko lonse ndipo posakhalitsa ku East ndi Southern Africa.
Zomwe zinachititsa kuti chiwerengero cha ma ARV chidziwike m'madera onse a dziko la DRC (dziko lomwe lili pafupi kwambiri ndi Western Europe) pamene anthu ankayenda pa sitimayi komanso m'misewu ya Mbuji-Mayi ndi Lubumbashi kum'mwera ndi Kisangani kumpoto. .
Pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1950 ndi 1960, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa singano zosagwiritsidwa ntchito mosagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito malonda opatsirana pogonana ndi kukula kwa malonda ogulitsa malonda ndi zina mwazifukwa zomwe zimayambira kufalikira kwa mavairasi, makamaka m'midzi ya migodi komwe kunalipo (ndipo ikupitirirabe ) ogwira ntchito akuluakulu othawira kwawo.
Pazaka 20 zapitazo, njira zowonetsera ma ARV zimafalitsa, koma sizinali zofunikira. Pofika kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1970, mbewu za mliriwu zidabzalidwa bwino ndipo zimapita ku North America ndi Europe chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mpweya ndi nyanja.
Kuyambira mu 1981, mliri woyamba wa Edzi unadziwika ku US, ndikutsatiridwa ndi HIV / 1 mu 1983. Masiku ano, chifukwa cha mliri wa padziko lonse, matenda opitirira 75 miliyoni achitika, miliyoni zakufa. Pofika mu 2016, bungwe la United Nations Joint Program on HIV / AIDS likuti anthu oposa 36 miliyoni akudwala matendawa padziko lonse lapansi.
Zotsatira
Gao, F .; Bailes, E .; Chen, Y .; et al. "Chiyambi cha HIV-1 mu chimpanzi Pan troglodytes troglodytes." Chilengedwe . February 4, 1999; 397 (6718): 385-386.
Bedford, M ;; Ward, A .; Tatem, J .; Sousa, et al. "Poyamba kufalikira ndi mliri wotsalira wa HIV-1 mwa anthu." Sayansi . October 3, 2014; 346 (6205): 56-61.
United Nations Joint Program on HIV / AIDS (UNAIDS). "Global Reports - UNAIDS ikufotokoza za mliri wa AIDS padziko lonse 2013." 2013; Geneva, Switzerland.
Maofesi a Kuletsa ndi Kuteteza Matenda (CDC). Pneumocystis chibayo - Los Angeles. " Kuwonetsa ndi Kufa Sabata Sabata (MMWR) 1981; Atlanta, Georgia.
Barré-Sinoussi, F .; Chermann, J ;; Rey, F .; et al. "Kupatulidwa kwa T-lymphotropic retroviru s kuchokera kwa wodwala amene ali pachiopsezo cha matenda omwe amapezeka kuti ali ndi chitetezo cha mthupi (AIDS)." Sayansi. May 20, 1983, 220 (4599): 868-871.