Kodi Kupita Patsogolo pa Chithandizo ndi Kupewa Kunayambitsa Ndalama Zonse?
Mawu akuti HIV / Edzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito potanthauzira mgwirizano ndi zotsatira zake pakati pa kachilombo ka HIV (matenda a HIV) ndi matenda omwe alipo chifukwa cha matenda aakulu (AIDS, kapena matenda omwe amatenga matenda a chitetezo cha mthupi).
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokozera momveka bwino omwe sakudziwa kuti kachilombo sikutanthauza matenda-kapena, makamaka, matenda otsiriza-ndipo ndi ofunika.
Ndipotu, ndi aphunzitsi ati a zaumoyo omwe sanena kuti "HIV ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a Edzi" kapena kukumbutsani anthu kuti "HIV ndi Edzi sizinthu zomwezo"? Yakhala mantra ya maphunziro a kachilombo ka HIV.
Koma kodi Edzi kwenikweni ikutanthauzanji lerolino, kupatulapo zochitika zachipatala? Ndipo nchifukwa ninji ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zokha zomwe siteji ya matenda imapatsidwa dzina losiyana?
Ndithudi, sitichita izi ndi khansa kapena matenda opatsirana pogonana monga syphilis. Sitikuchita izi ndi matenda opatsirana omwe amachititsa kuti matenda a chiwindi a mtundu wa C kapena matenda omwe amabwera monga Parkinson 's kapena Alzheimer 's . Zonsezi zimangosindikizidwa ndi pasitepe kuti apereke odwala chipatala cholondola chochizira.
Kusintha Nthawi, Kusintha Maganizo
Chowonadi ndi chakuti kachilombo ka HIV ndi matenda osiyana kwambiri ndi zaka 35 zapitazo komanso kuti AIDS imatanthawuza mosiyana kwambiri ndi momwe inachitikira mu 1982 pamene gululi linakhazikitsidwa.
Lero, anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV angathe kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi, wathanzi ngati atapatsidwa mankhwala nthawi yake. Ndipo ngakhale munthu apita ku tanthauzo lachipatala cha Edzi, zotsatira zake zimakhala zabwino kwambiri kwa zomwe anali zaka khumi zapitazo.
Mfundo ndi iyi: mawu akuti "AIDS" ali ndi mphamvu yokoka. Amanyamula kulemera kwa odwala onse komanso anthu omwe nthawi zambiri amatha kuwatchula.
Ndi chinthu chimodzi, mwachitsanzo, kunena kuti "John ali ndi HIV" ndipo wina akuti "John ali ndi AIDS."
Ndipo sizithungo zokha zomwe tikulankhula. Ngakhale pakuwona zochitika zachipatala, mawuwa sakhala pambali pa zokambirana, anachronism sichitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kunja kwa maphunziro a zaumoyo kapena zapamwamba.
Kodi ndi nthawi yomaliza kuchotsa mawu akuti "AIDS" ndikungotchula kuti matendawa ngati HIV? Anthu ambiri amakhulupirira kuti ndi.
Chiyambi cha HIV / AIDS
Pali anthu omwe adzakumbukire nthawi yomwe "Edzi" siinali nthawi zonse "Edzi," komatu pamodzi mwa mau ambiri omwe amachitikirapo m'dera lachipatala.
M'masiku oyambirira a masautso , ambiri m'masewerawa ankaona kuti ndi "khansa ya chiwerewere" pambuyo poyambitsa matenda opatsirana omwe adalangizidwa kuti ali amuna achiwerewere ku Southern California ndi New York City. Poyamba anagwiritsira ntchito GRID (kapena kusowa kwa chitetezo cha mthupi), mawuwo anathamangitsidwa mwamsanga pamene anthu ena anayamba kusonyeza zinthu zofanana, zosawerengeka.
Panthawi ina, CDC inanena kuti "matenda a chitetezo cha mthupi" komanso "matenda a 4-H" (mosiyana ndi amuna omwe amagonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, odwala matenda osokoneza bongo, ogwiritsa ntchito heroin, ndi a Haiti omwe akuzunzidwa ndi matenda osadziwikabe).
Mu September 1982, CDC inagwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti "Edzi" pofuna kufotokozera matenda "popanda chifukwa chodziwika chifukwa chotsutsa."
Sipadzakhalanso chaka chathunthu kuti asayansi ku US ndi France adziwone yekha chifukwa cha matendawa, retrovirus yapamapeto pake inati "kachilombo ka HIV" mu 1986. Panthawiyo, AIDS inalumikizidwa kwambiri ndi anthu. adasankha kuti "HIV / Edzi" idzamveketsa bwino lomwe chifukwa cha "chiwopsezo" cha HIV.
Mawuwo akhala ndi ife mpaka lero.
Pambuyo pa Mankhwala: Kufunika kwa Kachilombo ka AIDS
Pambuyo pa chithandizo chamankhwala ndi kuwonetsetsa kwa matenda, chiwerengero cha AIDS chinagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mliri woyambirira monga njira yowonjezeretsera phindu la boma la odwala omwe, panthawi ya matendawa, anali ndi moyo wokwanira miyezi 18 yokha.
Iwo ankawoneka kuti ndi ofunika kwambiri kuchokera ku chiwerengero chimenecho pamene chiwerengero cha anthu omwe anafa ku US anali atakwezeka kufika pamwambamwamba mwa 1992 (kufa 234,255 kuchokera pa 360,909 AIDS matenda) ndipo mwakhala mtsogoleri wachisanu ndi chimodzi omwe amachititsa imfa pamasiku khumi okha zaka.
Koma zonsezi zinasintha mu 1996 ndi kukhazikitsa ma ARV (Active) omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a antiretroviral (ARV). Malinga ndi ziyembekezo za moyo zomwe zikuwonjezeka zaka zinayi pazaka 10 zikubwerazi, matenda a Edzi sangathe kukhala umboni weniweni waumalempha.
Nthawi ndi kumvetsetsa kwa matendawa zinali kusintha kale msanga.
Kulimbana ndi Kutaya: HIV / AIDS monga Zida Zandale
Ngakhale kuti mayiko ambiri anali ndi ubwino wa mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opatsirana pogonana kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1990, mayiko omwe akutukuka-ambiri mwa iwo a ku sub-Saharan Africa-anali atangoyamba kugonjetsa matenda awo oopsa.
Pakati pa iwo, South Africa inalekanirana ndi ndale pansi pa utsogoleri wa Pulezidenti Thabo Mbeki pofunsa ngati kachilombo ka HIV kanali chifukwa cha AIDS, kaŵirikaŵiri kumasonyeza kuti chinali chabe kupanga "sayansi" ya sayansi.
Ndipotu, kumayambiriro kwa msonkhano wa 13 wa AIDS padziko lonse ku Durban, South Africa, Mbeki adafika poti adzalankhule kwa omvera asayansi ndi nthumwi kuti: "Zikuwoneka kuti sitingathe kuimbidwa mlandu pa kachilombo kamodzi kokha. "
Pambuyo pake, patapita tsiku, wofufuza wina wa ku America, dzina lake David Ho, atapereka mauthenga kwa nthumwi za msonkhanowo, adalongosola chithunzi choyambirira cha kachilombo ka HIV ndipo adayankha kuti, "Amayi ndi abambo, ndicho chifukwa cha AIDS."
Ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri amatsutsidwa padziko lonse, Mbeki yosagonjetsedwayo imangotanthauza kuti "HIV ndi Edzi," zikusonyeza kuti iwo sagwirizana. Poyankha, madokotala a ku South Africa adatsindika kwambiri za kugwiritsa ntchito "HIV / Edzi" m'mabuku onse ndi ndemanga monga njira yotsutsa zomwe boma lakhala likulephera kuchita.
Kuchokera pa udindo wochotsa boma wa Mbeki kuntchito mu 2008, kusintha kwa ndondomeko ya boma kwakhala kwakukulu, ndipo dziko lino likudzitamandira pulojekiti yaikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi.
Komabe ngakhale phindu limeneli, zotsatira za zaka zotsutsana zikudakalipo, ndikumvetsetsa kwakukulu komanso kukayikira za HIV-kuphatikizapo mwayi wa matenda ndi imfa-makamaka kumangiriza HIV ndi Edzi chinthu chimodzi.
Cholingalira Chochotseratu Mawu "Edzi"
Ngakhale kungakhale kolakwika kunena kuti kuchotsedwa kwa "Edzi" kuchokera pa zokambirana za anthu okha kudzasintha malingaliro awa, sikuti amabwera popanda kutsogolo. Kusintha kwakhala chinthu chimodzi chomwe chafotokozera mliriwu, kuti tisonyeze mosalekeza momwe timachitira ndi kuwona matendawa m'njira yomwe imapereka chidziwitso chokwanira komanso kulandira chikhalidwe.
Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa "AIDS" chifukwa chazaka za m'ma 1980, pomaliza, kunapereka mwayi kwa "odwala Edzi" m'zaka za m'ma 1990, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV (omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV), omwe timagwirizana nawo lero. Ndipo sizithungo zokha zomwe zinayendetsa kusinthika uku; chinali kuvomereza kuti simunapulumutsidwe ndi matenda koma kuti mutha kukhala ndi moyo, bwino komanso wathanzi, kwa zaka zambiri komanso zaka zambiri.
Sikuti ndi chitsanzo chokhacho. Taganizirani izi:
- Mu sayansi ya kachilombo ka HIV, mawu akuti HAART adatsimikiziridwa kuti athandizidwa ndi kachilombo (kuphatikizapo mankhwala opatsirana pogonana) pamene anaganiza kuti mankhwalawa sanali "okhudzidwa kwambiri." Masiku ano, ART yosavuta (antiretroviral mankhwala) imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zambiri zachipatala.
- Pa matenda opatsirana pogonana, sitigwiritsanso ntchito "amuna kapena akazi okhaokha" ponena za chiwerengero cha amuna omwe ali pangozi. M'malo mwake, timagwiritsa ntchito "amuna omwe amagonana ndi amuna" (MSM) kuti afotokoze molondola njira ya matenda kusiyana ndi momwe munthu angathere kapena ayi. Chimodzimodzinso ndi mawu akuti "mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso" hule, "omwe tsopano asinthidwa ndi" wogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo "komanso" ogwira ntchito kugonana. "
- Kuteteza kachilombo ka HIV, mawu oti "kugonana kosatetezeka" potsirizira pake anathandiza "kugonana kosatetezeka" komwe kunaloledwa ndi "kugonana kosakondwera," mawu omwe avomerezedwa ndi CDC mu 2014 kuti awonetsedwe patsogolo pa pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) ndi zina njira zothandizira zachilengedwe.
Ndi kusintha kulikonse m'mawu amodzi kunabwera zambiri osati kungowonjezera matanthauzo; iwo amatumikira kuchotsa malemba a chiweruzo ndi zofuna zina zomwe zingapangitse manyazi kapena manyazi .
Ambiri ayamba kunena kuti timachitanso chimodzimodzi ndi "Edzi" -kuti timapitiriza kuonetsetsa kuti matendawa ndiwachidziwikiratu pokhapokha ngati ali ndi matenda aakulu, omwe amachiritsidwa kwathunthu ndipo, ngati matenda ena omwe sungatheke, akhoza kupita pang'onopang'ono ngati anasiya kusatulutsidwa. Kuchotsa mawu akuti "Edzi" ndilo gawo loyamba lokhazikitsa izi.
Kaya kusintha kumeneku kukuvomerezedwa ndi akuluakulu azaumoyo a anthu ndi osatsimikizika. Ena anganene kuti kusintha zokambirana tsopano, pambuyo poika maganizo kwa anthu kwa zaka zopitirira 30, kungangowonjezera njira zothandizira kuti zisamayende-ndipo panthawi yomwe matenda opitirirabe akupitirirabe ku US
Chomwe chiri chotsimikizirika ndi chakuti takhala tikudutsa masiku omwe tikuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito "HIV si chilango cha imfa" ngati uthenga wathanzi, kaya mwachindunji kapena mwachindunji. Ndipo ndi pamene masantics ali ofunikira. Mwa kulephera kuvomereza kutsutsana kwa mawu monga HIV / AIDS-kumene kunachokera, chifukwa chake amagwiritsiridwa ntchito-timayisungira chisanu mkati mwake. Ndipo izo ndizovuta.
Ngati mukukaikira, dzifunseni funso losavuta: Kodi Edzi imatanthauza chiyani kwa inu?
Zotsatira:
Maofesi a Kuletsa ndi Kuteteza Matenda (CDC). "Zochitika Zamakono Zamakono Zowonjezeredwa pa Kupezeka Kwachangu Kwambiri Kwachilendo - United States." Kuipa ndi Kufa Sabata Lamlungu (MMWR). September 24, 1982; 31 (37): 507-508,513-514.
CDC. "1993 Revised Classification System ya HIV Infectio n ndi Nkhani Yowonjezera Yowunika Kufotokozera za Edzi Pakati pa Achinyamata ndi Achikulire." MMWR. December 18, 1992; 1 (RR-17).
AMFAR, Foundation for AIDS Research. "Zaka makumi atatu za HIV / Edzi: Zowonongeka za Mliri." Washington, DC
Kaiser Family Foundation. "Chilankhulo cha CDC Kusintha kuchokera ku ' Kugonana Osatetezedwe ' ku ' Kugonana Mosadziletsa. ' " Washington, DC; inafalitsidwa pa February 25, 2014.