Indiana Kuphulika kwa HIV kumayambitsa zoopsa za kusagwirizana
Pa March 27, 2015, ndiye boma la Indiana Pulezidenti Mike Pence adalengeza kuti adzidzidzidzidwa ndi akuluakulu a zaumoyo. Ambiri mwa milanduyi adakhala kutali ndi tawuni ya Austin (popita 4,295), kumene matendawa amayamba chifukwa chogawaniza singano pamene akubaya opioid painkiller, Opana (oxymorphone).
Pofika kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa April, chiwerengero cha milandu yotsimikiziridwa inakwera kufika 190.
Atatulutsidwa uthenga, Pence adayambitsa zochitika zachangu, kuphatikizapo pulogalamu ya kusinthanitsa ndi singano omwe apolisi odziletsa m'boma anali atakana kale. Pulogalamu ya chaka chonse inapereka ogwiritsira ntchito ku County County ndi uphungu wochepetsa kuchepetsa kuipa komanso sabata yopereka mankhwala. Kuonjezera apo, ndondomeko yowatumizira ku malo atsopano a zaumoyo ku Indiana ( HIP) amathandiza anthu omwe ali ndi ndalama zochepa kuti athandizidwe.
Indiana ili pakati pa maiko khumi ndi awiri a US omwe amachititsa kuti chigawenga chigawidwe komanso kukhala ndi ma syringe popanda mankhwala, chifukwa chakuti akuganiza kuti imalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Pambuyo pa kuphulika kwa Indiana, olemba malamulo a boma amavomereza kalata yomwe imalola mapulogalamu osinthana ndi singano kuti azigwira ntchito m'maboma ena koma ngati apolisi am'deralo "akulengeza mliri wa HIV wa chiwindi cha matenda a chiwindi pakati pa oyambitsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo" ndipo boma Health Commissioner amavomereza ndi pempho.
Kuyesa kupititsa lamulo losasintha la singano la dziko lonse lakhala likulephereka, ndipo Pence mwiniwakeyo akulengeza kutsutsana kwake ndi chiyeso chochokera pa "zifukwa zabwino."
Sizinali zochitika zokha pamene Pence anatenga chilango cholimbana ndi kachirombo koyambitsa matenda a HIV. Pogonjetsa Congress mu 2000, Pence adafuna kuti ndalama za boma za HIV zopezeka pa Ryan White Care Act zichotsedwe ku mabungwe omwe "amakondwerera ndi kulimbikitsa" kugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ku "mabungwe omwe amathandiza anthu ofuna kusintha khalidwe lawo."
Pamene kuphulika kumeneku kwachititsa kuti dziko lonse lapansi lizindikire ku Indiana ndi tauni yaing'ono, yosauka yomwe ili kumalire kumpoto kwa Kentucky-ndipo ambiri akulengeza kuti chochitikacho "chosadalirika" -chimodzi chimachenjeza kuti sikuyenera kuwonedwa ngati chokhachokha.
Momwe Mliri wa Indiana Ukusonyezera Zotsatira za Russia ndi Central Europe
Ngakhale kuti kugonana nthawi zambiri kumatengedwa kukhala njira yoyamba yofalitsira kachilombo ka HIV padziko lapansi, kufufuza kwa matenda a matenda akuwonetsa kuti izi sizili choncho nthawi zonse. Zaka zaposachedwapa, akuluakulu a zaumoyo padziko lonse adawona zoopsa zowononga kachilombo ka HIV ku Central Asia, Eastern Europe, ndi Russia, ndipo chiwerengero cha oposa 250 chiwonjezeka kuyambira 2001.
M'madera ambiriwa, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo lero ndilo njira yoyamba yofalitsira kachilombo ka HIV-kuphatikizapo Estonia komwe 50 peresenti ya matenda atsopano ali pakati pa IDUs ndi St. Petersburg, Russia kumene ma IDU amaimira 59 peresenti ya matenda onse a HIV. Zonse zanenedwa, 40 peresenti ya zochitika zatsopano zatsopano m'maderawa zikuyenera, mwachindunji kapena molakwika, kugawidwa kwa singano zokhudzana ndi HIV.
Ngakhale kuti kufanana pakati pa Austin, Indiana, ndi Central Asia sizingakhale zooneka poyamba, madalaivala a matendawa ali pafupi ndi zolemba zawo.
Umphaŵi wozikika kwambiri, kusowa kwa ntchito zothandizira, komanso njira yodziwika bwino yogulitsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo ingabwere pamodzi, monga momwe anachitira ku Austin, kuti apange "mphepo yamkuntho" chifukwa cha kuphulika.
Ku Indiana, mwachitsanzo, Highway 65, yomwe imadutsa molunjika kupyolera mu Austin, imadziwika bwino ngati njira yaikulu ya mankhwala pakati pa mizinda ya Indianapolis ndi Louisville, Kentucky. Akuluakulu a umphawi ku Austin (37%) amadziwika kuti akugwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa mankhwala ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ndi malo ochezera a anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo monga opana (omwe amawerengedwa ngati mankhwala osokoneza bongo katatu ku US masiku ano ).
Ndi dokotala mmodzi yekha m'tawuni ndipo kukana kosalekeza kwa mapulogalamu a singano kumayendetsa nkhanza ngakhale mowirikiza pansi, ambiri amavomereza kuti panalibe zochepa kutilepheretsa kuphulika kuchitika.
Poyerekeza, kuwonjezeka kwa matenda a IDU ku Central Asia, Eastern Europe, ndi Russia kungachoke kumapeto kwa zaka za 1990 pambuyo pa kutha kwa Soviet Union. Kuwonongeka kwa chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe cha anthu chinapangitsa kuti ogulitsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo apatsidwe mpata woonjezera malonda a heroin ku Afghanistan, omwe ndi opanga opium wamkulu padziko lonse lapansi, kudera lonseli. Ndilibe kanthu kachitidwe ka boma ndi pafupi ndi njira zopewera ndi / kapena mankhwala osokoneza bongo, mliri pakati pa IDU unaloledwa kukula kufikira momwe uliri lero: oposa milioni odwala kachirombo ka HIV m'madera atatuwa okha.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo Gwiritsani Ntchito Zotsatira za US
Zinthu zofananazi zikuwonetsedwa osati kumpoto kwa Africa komanso ku Middle East, koma m'matumba ku North America. Ndipotu, mu 2007, kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kunayesedwa kuti ndilochitatu lomwe limayambitsa chiopsezo ku US, pambuyo pa kugonana kwa amuna ndi akazi komanso kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha .
Kuchokera kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1990, zoyesayesa zapangitsa kuti pakhale ndondomeko zowonjezera zachitsulo zachinsinsi, zothandizira kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha HIV ndi matenda ena opatsirana pakati pa IDUs. Masiku ano, pali mapulogalamu oposa 200 ku US, akugawira miyeso yoposa 36 miliyoni pachaka.
Ku New York State, akuluakulu a zachipatala adanena kuti chiwerengero cha HIV pakati pa IDU chinachoka pa 52 peresenti mu 1992, pamene pulogalamu ya kusintha kwa singano idakhazikitsidwa, mpaka 3 peresenti pofika mu 2012. Kuwonjezeka kwa ntchito ya antiretroviral mankhwala pakati pa IDU zimathandizira kumsika wotsika.
Zotsatira:
Dipatimenti ya Zaumoyo ku Indiana. "Boma, Akuluakulu a Boma ndi Atafika ku Federal Agonjera Kuphulika kwa HIV." Indiana, Indianapolis; Kusindikizidwa kumene kunatulutsidwa pa March 27, 2015.
> Nichols, C. "Peni akuthandizira kutembenuza mankhwala si nkhani yokhazikika." Kupanga mankhwala. December 2, 2016; lofalitsidwa pa intaneti.
Strathdee, S. ndi Stockman, J. "Epidemiology ya HIV Pakati pa Kujectza ndi Osagwiritsa Ntchito Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo: Machitidwe Amakono ndi Zotsatila Zowonjezera." Lipoti la HIV / AIDS. May 2010; 7 (2): 99-106.
Chobiriwira, T .; Martin, E .; Bowman, S .; et al. "Moyo Pambuyo Kuletsedwa: Kuyesedwa kwa Simbole ya US Kusintha." Buku Lopatulika la Umoyo Wathanzi. May 2012; 102 (5): e9-e16.
Dipatimenti ya Zaumoyo ya Edzi ku New York. " Kuchepetsa Kuopsa Kowonongeka Kuwongolera Mchitidwe Watsopano Wachilombo ka HIV. " Albany, New York; inatulutsidwa pa March 4, 2014.