Zaka 20 Zoyambirira: 1984-2003
Mbiri yakale ya chitukuko cha katemera wa HIV ndi imodzi mwa chiyembekezo ndi malonjezo. Panthawiyi kachilombo ka HIV kanapezeka, asayansi, ndale, ndi ovomerezeka onse amakhulupirira kuti katemera wa Edzi unali pafupi pomwepo. Panali otsutsa, koma makamaka panali malonjezo. Zinatengera zaka zambiri kuti chiyembekezo chisawonongeke. Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomekoyi kuti mudziwe mbiri ya zaka 20 zoyambirira za chitukuko cha HIV.
1984
HIV-1 imapezeka. AIDS sichikudziŵikiranso matenda. Asayansi akuyamba kuyembekezera kuti akhoza kukhala ndi katemera woteteza ku matenda omwe amadziwika kuti, mwa zina, "Mliri wa Gay."
Pamsonkhano wofalitsa wa April, Mlembi wa Zaumoyo wa ku United States Margaret Heckler adanena kuti katemera wa kachilombo ka HIV ayenera kuyembekezera kuyesedwa mkati mwa zaka ziwiri.
1985
Katemera wa kachilombo ka HIV umayamba mwakhama. Mwatsoka, asayansi akuvutika ndi mavuto. Zikupezeka kuti kachilombo ka HIV kamasinthidwa bwino kuti asamayende bwino kwambiri pa chitukuko cha katemera.
1986
Choyamba katemera wa HIV amavomerezedwa ku mayesero a zamankhwala.
1987
Nkhani ina mu nyuzipepala ya Nature inanena kuti onse a chimpanzi omwe amayesedwa katemera wa kachilomboka adatengapo kachilombo ka HIV ngakhale atapanga katemera wa chitetezo choteteza kachilombo ka HIV. Pokumbukira, izi ndi kulephereka.
Gulu la Edzi loyambitsa Edzi (ACTG) limapangidwira kuti likhale ndi malo ogwiritsira ntchito zipatala zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pophunzira za HIV.
Chiyeso choyambitsa matenda opatsirana pogonana chimayamba ku United States. Gawoli ine ndondomeko yoteteza chitetezo imalembetsa 138 odzipereka omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino, osatetezeka ndipo amapeza kuti katemera woterewa alibe zotsatira zoopsa.
1988
Gulu loyesa matenda a Edzi (AVEG) limayamba kulemba odzipereka.
1989
Asayansi amalengeza kuti chitukuko cha SIV (simian immunodeficiency virus) chomwe chimateteza gulu lazing'ono kuti likhale ndi matenda.
1990
Nkhani ina m'magazini ya Fortune imati pali njira zowononga katemera wa HIV pasanafike 1993.
1991
Pulogalamu ya vaccine ya Pasteur-Merieux Connaught imayamba.
Chithandizo choyamba cha AIDS choyesedwa ku US chimatetezedwa.
Pofika kumapeto kwa chaka, apatsidwa mavoti 26 a chithandizo cha katemera wa HIV.
1992
Nkhope yoyamba ya NIH yothandizira gawo lachiwiri la katemera wa HIV wayamba. Amalembetsa anthu omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu ndipo amawalangiza kuti azipewa makhalidwe oopsa.
AVEG imayambitsa kuyesedwa koyambitsa katemera koyambitsa matenda - yokonzedwa kuchepetsa kupatsirana kwa matenda mmalo mwa kuteteza kachilombo ka HIV koyamba. Amalembetsa amuna ndi akazi 55 omwe ali ndi HIV.
1993
Chiyeso choyambitsa katemera choyamba chophatikizapo ana omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV ndi amayi omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV amayamba.
NIAID yoyamba yoyezetsa katemera wa kachilombo ka HIV kulembetsa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda opatsirana kwambiri a HIV akuyamba.
Bungwe la World Health Organization ndi Boma la Thailand likuphatikizana kuti apange ndondomeko ya dziko loyezetsa katemera wa HIV.
Massachusetts imalengeza kuti dziko loyamba likuyesa kulandira katemera wa HIV.
1994
NIH imakhazikitsa mfundo zokhudzana ndi zochepa zomwe zimachitika m'mayesero a zachipatala.
Chiwopsezo choyamba cha katemera wa HIV ku Asia chikuchitika.
1995
Gulu la alangizi amavotera kutumiza chithandizo cha katemera wa Salk mu mayesero a phase III.
1996
Mayeso a Phase III a katemera wa Salk, omwe tsopano amatchedwa Remune, ayamba kulembetsa ku US ndi Thailand.
International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI) imapangidwa.
Gwero la katemera wa gp160 limathera bwino, koma limalephera kupewa HIV kapena kuchepetsa njira ya matenda.
1997
Pulezidenti Bill Clinton akukhazikitsa cholinga chokhala ndi katemera wa HIV mkati mwa zaka 10. Poyankhula ndi gulu la ophunzira ku Morgan State University, adalengeza kuti "Sichikufunsanso kuti tikhoza kulandira katemera wa Edzi, ndi funso loti ndi liti.
Ndipo sizingabwere tsiku mofulumira, "ndipo akulonjeza kukhazikitsa malo odziwitsa za katemera wa HIV ku National Institutes of Health.
Mayesero opatsirana katemera opitirira 95 atha.
Amuna ndi akazi oposa 2,000 athandizidwa pa matenda opatsirana pogonana a HIV pa malo oyezetsa magazi a Edzi
UNAIDS imagwirizanitsa msonkhano kuti akambirane za makhalidwe abwino okhudzana ndi katemera wa kachilombo ka HIV m'mayiko osauka.
1998
Vaxgen akuyambitsa mayesero atatu omwe ali odwala HIVVAX AIDS.
1999
Deta Safety Monitoring Board imatha mayesero a Phase III Remune pamene palibe kusiyana pakati pa katemera ndi magulu a placebo.
Uganda imakhala malo a kuyesedwa koyambitsa kachirombo ka HIV koyamba.
Vaxgen akuyamba kulemba ntchito ya AIDSVAX ku Thailand.
2000
Pulogalamu ya HIV Vaccine Trial imakhazikitsidwa. HVTN ndi mgwirizano wapagulu ndi wapadera wa ofufuza katemera. Ndilo malo apadera ku Fred Hutchinson Research Center ku Seattle, ndipo amathandizidwa ndi NIH.
UNAIDS imapereka chidziwitso chovomerezeka cha boma pa kafukufuku wa kafukufuku wa katemera ku HIV m'mayiko osauka.
Kuteteza katemera wa HIV kumateteza ku Kenya.
Gawo I lomwe ndikuyesera katemera wa DNA wamaliseche limayambika.
2001
Ofufuza a NIH amakumana ndi magulu ammudzi pofuna kufufuza achinyamata omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV.
A May athandizidwe kuchokera ku HVTN adzalengeza kuti ali ndi mayesero anayi opatsirana pogonana a HIV, omwe amalinganiza kuyamba m'chaka.
Chiyeso cha ndondomeko ya Prime-Boost chikupezeka powonetsa malonjezano kwa abulu.
2002
AIDSInfo amapita moyo.
GlaxoSmithKline adalengeza kuti izo ziyambitsa mayesero a katemera wa HIV pa NefTat ndi gp120.
Merck ayamba kuyesedwa kwa chitetezo cha katemera wa gag.
2003
Zimalengezedwa kuti mayeso a AIDSVAX ku Thailand alephera.
Katemera wa epimmune HIV-1090 amapita ku mayesero a gawo. Katemerayu ali ndi 21 zokha zomwe zinayambitsa HIV DNA zofanana ndi zigawo zosiyanasiyana za HIV zomwe zasungidwa bwino. Cholinga chake ndi kulimbikitsa magulu a cytotoxic T. Ndiyo yoyamba odwala katemera wa AIDS kuti aphunzire panthaŵi imodzi ku US ndi kunja.
- Kumvetsa Lymphocytes T
Mgwirizano wa Merck ndi Aventis kuti achite mayeso a katemera wawo wa gag pa malo 18.
Zotsatira:Coulter AH "Mkhalidwe Watsopano wa Kukula kwa Katemera: Kodi Ndife Okwanira?" Kusamalira Odwala Odwala. June 1992, 6 (3): 123-125.
Deeks SG ndi Walker BD "Olamulira a Virus a Immunodeficiency Virus: Njira zothetsera Ma ARV Zosatha chifukwa chosakhala ndi kachilombo ka HIV. 2007; 27: 406-16.
Dolgin E. "Zolinga zatsopano zimapereka chiyembekezo cha katemera wa HIV" Nature News. September 3. 2009. (Kupezeka pa intaneti 10/1/09)
Miedema F. "Mbiri yakale ya kafukufuku wa katemera wa HIV: kubwerera ku zojambulajambula?" AIDS. 2008 Sep 12; 22 (14): 1699-703.
Murphey-Corb M et al. "Katemera wotere wa SIV wosatetezedwe amapereka chitetezo ku macaques" Sayansi. 1989 Dec 8; 246 (4935): 1293-7.
Walker BD, Burton DR. "Kulimbana ndi katemera wa Edzi." Sayansi. 2008 May 9; 320 (5877): 760-4.
Zochitika Zachilombo ka HIV Katemera - NIAID Fact Sheet. http://www.niaid.nih.gov/factsheets/clinrsch.htm (Kufikira 10/1/09)
Tsamba loona za HVTN. http://www.hvtn.org/media/FactSheet.pdf (Kufikira 10/1/09)
WHO: Msonkhano wachitatu wa African AIDS Vaccine Program http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2005/pr53/en/index.html (Kupezeka 10/1/09)
Mndandanda wa Mayankho a Edzi a Katemera. http://aidsinfo.nih.gov/Vaccines/MainSearch.aspx?strPreventive=on&strTherapeutic=on&strSponsor=All&strRecruiting=on&status=1&strNoRecruiting=on&NRstatus=1 (Kufikira 10/1/09)
AIDS Info Press Release: Katemera wa HIV / AIDS http://www.aidsinfo.nih.gov/aprs/release.aspx?an=A00070 (Kupezeka 10/1/09)
Zolemba Zolemba za AEGIS - Zamakono Ofufuza Zokhudza HIV / AIDS Vachopa: http://www.aegis.org/factshts/NIAID/1997/niaid97_fact_sheet_clinrsch.html (Kufikira 10/1/09)
KUTHANDIZA KATSOPANO KATSOPANO PA AIDS Pali chiyembekezo chenicheni pambuyo pake: Katemera wothandizira angakhale pano mwa 1993. Mankhwala ena omwe alipo posachedwa ayenera kuchepetsa kapena kuimitsa matenda popanda zotsatira za AZT. February 26, 1990 Magazine ya Fortune. http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/1990/02/26/73115/index.htm (Opezeka pa Intaneti 10/1/09)
AIDS Vaccine Bulletin Special Issue - Kubwereza Chaka cha 2005. January 2006 • Vol.4 • No.1 http://www.iavi.org/lists/iavipublications/attachments/11b8f27a-4f78-4a9f-9e52-167f3f522901/iavi_vax_table_jan_2006_eng.pdf (Kupezeka 10/1/09)