Nthawi Yofunika Kwambiri Kulimbana ndi Mliri Waukulu Kwambiri Padziko Lonse
Mbiri ya HIV yodzala ndi kupambana ndi kulephera pamene dziko linayang'anizana ndi zomwe zingakhale mliri wadziko lonse wa masiku ano. Chomwe chinayambira ndi matenda ochepa omwe adayambitsa matendawa adayambitsa mliri umene lero ukukhudza anthu oposa 36 miliyoni padziko lonse lapansi.
Mtsinje wa HIV unayambika kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 1981 pamene New York Times inanena kuti kuphulika kwa khansa yosawerengeka pakati pa amuna achiwerewere ku New York ndi California.
"Khansara ya gay" yomwe idatchulidwa kuti Kaposi sarcoma , matenda omwe adayambanso matendawa m'ma 1980 ndi 1990.
M'chaka chomwecho, zipatala zowonongeka ku New York City zinayamba kuwona anyamata achikulire omwe ali ndi nthenda, malingaliro ofanana ndi chimfine, ndi chibayo chosazoloŵera chotchedwa Pneumocystis . Palibe amene angaganize kuti milandu yodabwitsayi, yodzipatula ikanaimira chiwonongeko cha padziko lonse, ndikupha mamiliyoni a anthu m'zaka zingapo.
1981
1981 anawona kuphulika kwa Kaposi sarcoma ndi pneumocystis chibayo pakati pa amuna achiwerewere ku New York ndi California. Pamene Centers for Disease Control inanena kuti chiwopsezo chatsopanochi, iwo anachiritsa GRID (kapena kusowa kwa chitetezo cha mthupi), kudetsa gulu lachigawenga ngati odwala matenda oopsa. Komabe, posakhalitsa milandu inayamba kuonekera pakati pa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ndi mahemophiliacs, kutsimikizira kuti matendawa sadziwa malire.
1983
Ochita kafukufuku pa Pasteur Institute ku France anatulukira kachilombo ka HIV komwe amakhulupirira kuti ndi ofanana ndi kuphulika kwa HIV. Panthawiyo, mayiko 35 padziko lonse adatsimikizira kuti matendawa, omwe adafika poyera mpaka pano, adawoneka kuti akukhudzanso Mtsutso wa US atangomva kuti boma la United States linalengeza kuti mmodzi mwa asayansi awo, Dr. retrovirus yotchedwa HTLV-III, yomwe idati idali ndi AIDS.
Zaka ziwiri pambuyo pake, potsirizira pake zatsimikiziridwa kuti HTLV-III ndi ma retroviruses a Pasteur ali ofanana, kutsogolera komiti yapadziko lonse kutchula kachilombo kachilombo ka HIV (kachilombo ka immunodeficiency virus).
1984
Mtumiki wina wa ku Canada, wotchedwa " Zero Wodwala ," amafa ndi mavuto a Edzi. Chifukwa cha kugonana kwake ndi angapo oyamba omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a Edzi, amanenedwa molakwa kuti ali ndi udindo wopeza kachilombo ku North America. Panthawiyi panali maiko 8,000 omwe amatsutsidwa ku US, zomwe zimachititsa kuti anthu 3,500 afa.
1985
Mtsutso wokhudzana ndi HIV ukupitirizabe pamene labu la Gallo likuvomereza kuti kachilombo ka HIV kamayesedwa kamene kamasankhidwa ndi US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Pasteur Institute imayankha ndipo kenako imapatsidwa ufulu kwa theka la zopereka kuchokera ku mayeso atsopano. Mu chaka chomwecho, HIV imalowa muzomwe anthu amadziwa ndi imfa ya Rock Hudson ndi uthenga wakuti Ryan White wazaka 14 waletsedwa ku sukulu ya pulayimale ku Indiana chifukwa chokhala ndi HIV.
1987
Njira yoyamba ya HIV, yotchedwa Retrovir (AZT) , imavomerezedwa ndi FDA. Pambuyo pazaka zisanu ndi chimodzi za kunyalanyaza matendawa ndikukana kuvomereza zovutazo, Purezidenti Ronald Reagan potsiriza amagwiritsa ntchito mawu oti "Edzi" mukulankhula pagulu.
Pachifukwa ichi, akukhulupilira kukhala pakati pa 100,000 ndi 150,000 milandu ya HIV padziko lonse lapansi.
1990
Pambuyo pazaka zomwe zikutsogolera nkhondo yolimbana ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a Edzi ku America, US Ryan White amwalira ali ndi zaka 19. Chaka chomwecho, Ryan White Care Act inakhazikitsidwa ndi Congress kuti apereke ndalama zothandizidwa ndi boma kuti azisamalira anthu omwe ali ndi HIV. Panthawiyi, chiwerengero cha anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV padziko lonse tsopano kakuwerengera pafupifupi milioni.
1992
A FDA amavomereza mankhwala oyamba omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphatikizapo AZT odziwika kuti ndi Oyera, omwe amasonyeza kuti odwala amayamba kulandira chithandizo chophatikiza. Amatsatidwa posachedwa Epivir (lamivudine) yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ano.
1993
Kafukufuku wina wa ku British wotchedwa Concorde Trials amatha kunena kuti AZT yokha yachisawawa siichitha kuchepetsa kukula kwa HIV. Chifukwa cha lipoti ili, gulu latsopano likuyamba kukana kuti HIV ilipo kapena kuti kachilombo ka mtundu uliwonse kakugwirizananso ndi matenda.
1996
Chithandizo chimatengera njira ina yayikulu yopititsira patsogolo mphamvu ya HIV yotchedwa protease Inhibitors. Pakagwiritsidwa ntchito katatu, mankhwalawa amasonyeza kuti akuwongolera osati kuteteza kachilombo kokha koma kumathandiza anthu kubwezeretsa chitetezo cha mthupi kukhala pafupi. Pulogalamuyi imatchedwa kuti mankhwala othandiza kwambiri a antiretroviral, kapena HAART .
1997
Kuyezetsa magazi kwa a Edzi Phunziro la gulu 076 linanena kuti kugwiritsa ntchito AZT pa nthawi ya kubadwa komanso nthawi yobereka kunachepetsa kufala kwa kachirombo ka HIV kuchokera kwa mayi kupita kwa mwana kwa atatu peresenti. M'chaka chomwecho, miyezi yosachepera 12 kuchokera ku HAART itayambika, chiwerengero cha imfa ya HIV m'mayiko a US ndimadera 35 peresenti.
1998
Mayesero oyambirira a anthu ku United States ayamba kuyesa katemera wa HIV wa VAXGEN. (Icho chinali choyambirira pa mayesero ambiri otere omwe sitikupezekanso woyenera .)
2000
Pulezidenti wa ku South Africa, Thabo Mbeki, adalengeza pa bungwe la International AIDS Conference kuti "kachilombo ka HIV sichikhoza kuyambitsa matenda." Panthawiyi, pafupifupi anthu mamiliyoni makumi asanu ndi awiri adaphedwa ndi AIDS padziko lonse kuphatikizapo pafupifupi 17 miliyoni m'mayiko a kum'mwera kwa Sahara.
2004
Pamene achipatala akukumana ndi mafunde ochuluka a anthu omwe ali ndi HAART, mankhwala atsopano otchedwa tenofovir amamasulidwa omwe amawoneka kuti amatha kugonjetsa ngakhale milandu yakuya, mankhwala ambiri . Pasanapite nthawi yaitali Thabo Mbeki atachotsedwa ku Presidency ku South Africa, mankhwala oyamba omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV amavomerezedwa m'dzikoli, kutsegula chitseko kwa chithandizo chimodzi chokha cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
2009
Asayansi ku University of North Carolina ku Chapel Hill adalengeza kuti adziwongolera momwe kachilombo ka HIV kamayendera, ndikulola asayansi kukhazikitsa zipangizo zatsopano zogwiritsira ntchito matenda ndi kachilombo ka HIV. Zambiri mwazimenezi zinayambitsa chitukuko cha integrase inhibitors chomwe tsopano chikugwiritsidwa ntchito pa mankhwala oyamba mu US
2010
Phunziro la iPrEX ndilo mayesero oyamba omwe amasonyeza kuti kachilombo ka HIV ka Truvada kangagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi anthu omwe alibe kachilombo ka HIV kuti asatenge kachilomboka. Njirayi, yomwe imadziwika kuti HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) , ikugwiritsidwa ntchito populumutsa anthu omwe ali pachiopsezo chotenga matenda.
2013
Kafukufuku wopangidwa ndi North American AIDS Cohort Cooperation Research and Design (NA-ACCORD) amavomereza kuti mwana wazaka 20 anayamba kachilombo ka HIV akhoza kuyembekezera kukhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka za m'ma 70. Izi ndizomwe zimatsimikiziranso zotsatira za mankhwala opatsirana pogonana pa nthawi ya moyo .
2014
Bungwe la World Health Organization ndi United Nations Program on HIV / AID (UNAIDS) likulengeza ndondomeko yofuna kuthetsa mliri wa HIV pofika chaka cha 2030 pozindikira kuti 90 peresenti ya anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV padziko lonse, akuika 90 peresenti ya kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a Edzi, ndikupeza vutolo losaoneka katundu mu 90 peresenti ya iwo. Pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya 90-90-90 , pulogalamuyo ikukumana ndi zopereka zowonongeka kuchokera ku mayiko opereka ndalama komanso kuchulukitsa kwa mankhwala osakaniza mankhwala ndi kulephera kwa mankhwala padziko lonse lapansi.
2015
Indiana ikukumana ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu cha HIV kuyambira zaka za m'ma 1990 chifukwa cha mliri wa opioid ndi kutsutsana ndi Pulezidenti Mike Pence kuti alolere pulogalamu yosinthana ndi singano mmalo mwake "pazifukwa zoyenera." Chotsatira chake, milandu yoposa 200 imapezeka mkati mwa mlungu umodzi mumzinda wa Austin, ku Indiana (pafupifupi 4,295).
2016
Pambuyo pochita mwambo wa Strategic Timing of Treatment (START) kuphunzira kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2015, World Health Organization ndi Dipatimenti ya Zaumoyo ya Umoyo ndi Anthu a ku United States, pakati pa ena, akulangiza kuti chithandizo cha HIV chiyambe panthawi yomwe adziwa. Mosiyana ndi kuchepetsa chithandizo, njira yatsopano yatsimikiziridwa kuti kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda aakulu ndi 53 peresenti.
2017
Tsopano m'chaka cha 36, mliliwu ukupitirizabe kupha miyanda miliyoni pachaka ndipo umaphatikizapo matenda ena okwana 1.8 miliyoni m'chaka cha 2017. Panopa anthu okwana 36.7 miliyoni omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV padziko lonse lapansi omwe 20.9 miliyoni ali ndi mankhwala opatsirana pogonana. Pafupifupi, anthu oposa 76 miliyoni ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV kuyambira chiyambi cha mliri umene anthu mamiliyoni 35 afa.