Kusintha Sikokungokhala Zamankhwala Wokha
ART ndi mawu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito lero kuti afotokoze kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa. Zakale izi, odwala ndi asayansi angagwiritse ntchito pulogalamuyo (kuphatikizapo mankhwala opatsirana pogonana), komanso kale lomwe HAART imagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza "mankhwala othandizira kwambiri a antiretroviral."
Kusintha kwa zaka zikuwonetsa zambiri kuposa mafashoni, koma kuyesayesa kwenikweni kwa akuluakulu a zaumoyo kuti azisintha momwe timayankhulira zogwira mtima za kachilombo ka HIV kwa anthu.
Sitinayesetsenso kutsimikizira ogwiritsa ntchito kuti mankhwalawa ndi "otanganidwa kwambiri" popeza iwo ali oposa kwambiri. Masiku ano amalola kuti chizoloŵezi cha moyo chikhale chamtengo wapatali, pomwe mapiritsi atsopano amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti "kuphatikiza" kwambiri.
Kumvetsetsa ART
Zonsezi zikugwiritsidwa ntchito, mawuwa amatanthauza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo atatu kapena kuposa, omwe amachokera payekha kapena pamagwiridwe oyenera a mlingo. Cholinga cha mankhwala ndi kuonetsetsa kuti kachilombo ka HIV kamatchedwa "zosaoneka" -kutanthauza kuti kachilomboka sikungathetsedwe, koma chiri pansi pa zizindikiro zowonongeka.
Mosiyana ndi mankhwala osakwatiwa kapena mankhwala opangira mankhwala awiri, kuphatikiza mankhwala osokoneza bongo atatu kapena ambiri amadziwika bwino kuti athetsere mitundu yambiri yolimbana ndi HIV yomwe ingakhalepo pakati pa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kwenikweni, ngati mankhwala osokoneza bongo amalephera kuthetsa kusintha kwa mavairasi ena, enawo akhoza kuchita zimenezo.
Makhalidwe apamwamba amafunika kuti athe kusunga mankhwala ochepetsa magazi. Ngati maguluwa akugwera pansi pa chithandizo cha mankhwala, mpata wosagonjetsedwa umapatsidwa mpata wopambana . Anthu ambiri omwe sagonjetsedwa, mankhwalawa sagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa kupatsirana kachirombo ka HIV-pamapeto pake kumabweretsa chiwopsezo cha tizilombo ndi kuperewera kwa mankhwala .
Kuyambira m'chaka cha 2009, mawu akuti "CART" awonjezereka kwambiri pa HAART, makamaka pakati pa ofufuza ndi madokotala. Ngakhale kuti mawu amenewa ndi osasinthasintha, HAART kwenikweni imaganiziridwa kuti siikulondola pofotokoza njira yothandiza yogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala.
Pambuyo pake, ART inkaonedwa ngati yoyenera, podziwa kuti chithandizo chophatikizanachi chidzasintha zaka zikubwerazi. Kafukufuku wamakono akufufuzira kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala awiri ochepetsa ma ARV, monga ripilvirine ndi dolutegravir, omwe amayang'anira matenda opatsirana pogonana.
Maphunziro a ART
Pakalipano pali magulu asanu a mankhwala opatsirana pogonana , omwe amaletsa gawo linalake mu moyo wa HIV :
- Entry inhibitors
- Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
- Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
- Integrase inhibitors
- Protease inhibitors
Maphunziro ena a antiretroviral akufufuzidwa, pamene mankhwala obadwa atsopano amathandiza kuti zinthu zikhale zolekerera, kuchepetsa mavuto komanso kuchepetsa vutoli kwa odwala.
Kuti izi zitheke, chiwerengero chowonjezereka cha mankhwala osokoneza mgwirizano (FDC) tsopano chikupezeka, kuphatikiza mankhwala awiri kapena angapo m'philo limodzi kapena piritsi limodzi. Ena, kuphatikizapo Atripla ((tenofovir + emtricitabine + efavirenz), Triumeq (abacavir + lamivudine + dolutegravir) ndi Stribild (tenofovir + emtricitabine + elvitegravir + cobicistat) amapereka njira zonsezi zosavuta, tsiku lililonse.
Tsogolo la ART
Chifukwa cha kupititsa patsogolo kachilombo ka HIV, ART ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yothetsera chiwerengero cha anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a Edzi. Njira, yomwe imadziwika kuti Treatment as Prevention (TasP) , yasonyezedwa kuti ichepetse chiopsezo chotumiza kachilombo ka HIV poletsa chiwindi ntchito kumalo osadziwika. Pochita zimenezi, chiopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka HIV chimachepetsedwa ndi 96%.
Poonetsetsa kuti ntchito yofalitsa mankhwala ikufalitsidwa, ART imatha kuchepetsa zomwe zimatchedwa "chiwerengero cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda" m'deralo pamene njira yotenga kachilombo ka HIV imakhala yochepa, ngakhale yochepa.
Asayansi tsopano akufufuza za chitukuko cha ma antiretroviral , omwe ena angafunike mwezi uliwonse kapena ngakhale mankhwalawa.
Zotsatira:
Delaney, M. "Mbiri ya HAART - nkhani yeniyeni ya momwe mankhwala othandizira mankhwala osiyanasiyana amagwiritsira ntchito bwino pochiza matenda a HIV." Kutembenukira kwazako. December 21, 2006; 3 (Suppl 1): S6.
Skarbinski, J ;; Furlow-Parmley, C ;; ndi Frazie, E. "Woimira Padziko Lonse Akuwerengera Chiwerengero cha Akuluakulu a HIV + Okalamba Amene Amalandira Chithandizo Chamankhwala, Anapatsidwa Zachilombo ka ART, ndi Pulogalamu Yowonongeka Kwachidakwa, 2009 mpaka 2010." Msonkhano wa 19 wa Retroviruses ndi Matenda Osakanikirana (CROI); Seattle, Washington; March 8, 2013; ndemanga yomveka # 138.
Spreen, W; Margolis, D .; ndi Pottage, J ;; "Mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsira ntchito kachilombo ka HIV kwa nthawi yaitali." Zomwe zilipo panopa pa HIV ndi Edzi. November 2013; 8 (6): 565-571.