Mmene Thupi Limadzikanirira Pakati pa HIV
Pamene chinthu chachilendo monga mabakiteriya kapena mavairasi alowa m'thupi, chitetezo cha mthupi chimadzikweza chokha kuti chiteteze motsutsana ndi womenya. Mchitidwe wokha uli ndi mapulogalamu ovuta a maselo ndi mayankho a ma cell omwe amagwira ntchito pozindikira, kuika, ndi kulepheretsa wodwala matenda.
Nthaŵi zambiri, thupi limatha kudziteteza. Komabe, ena, chitetezo cha mthupi chikhoza kufooka ndipo sichikhoza kupirira, kufunikira chithandizo chamankhwala kuti chibweretse mdaniyo pansi pa ulamuliro.
Chitetezo cha Immune Panthawi Yachilombo cha HIV
HIV ikayamba kulowa m'thupi, chitetezo cha mthupi chimatumiza mndandanda wa mzere woyamba. Otsutsa oyambirirawa akuphatikizapo maselo oyera a m'magazi otchedwa macrophage (kwenikweni amatanthauza "kudya zazikulu") ndi maselo a "dintritic" ("finger"), omwe amawathandiza kuti awononge tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Maselo awiri a macrophage ndi dendritic amaonedwa kukhala mbali ya chitetezo cha mthupi, chomwe chimatanthauza kuti nthawi zonse amakhala akuzungulira. Komabe, pamene kutuluka kwa mavairasi kumakhala koopsa kwambiri (mwachitsanzo, pamayendedwe a magazi-kapena-magazi kapena kugonana kosatetezedwe), maselowa nthawi zambiri samatha kukhala ndi kachilombo ka HIV. Kuchita zimenezi kumafuna kuyankha kwa chitetezo cha mthupi.
Thupi likadziwitsidwa kuti pali kachilomboka, zizindikiro zamagetsi zimatumizidwa ku maselo omwe amadziphatika kwa owonongawo ndi "kuwonekera" ku maselo ena apadera omwe amatchedwa T-maselo .
Pochita zimenezi, CD4 T-cell "wothandizira" chizindikiro "wakupha" CD8 T-maselo kuti achulukitse ndi kuchepetsa mavairasi othawa.
Thupi limapanganso zinthu zomwe zimadziwika kuti antibodies , zomwe zimawombera ndi kupha omenyana enieni ngakhale kuti zimakhala ndi ma antigen.
Kodi Antigens ndi Matenda Ndi Ziti?
Antigeni ndi mtundu wa mapuloteni omwe amakhala pamalo a maselo onse. Zimagwira ntchito ngati zizindikiritso ndikuuza thupi ngati selo liri m'thupi kapena liyenera kuwonongedwa.
Selo iliyonse m'thupi lathu ili ndi antigen yomwe imasiyanitsa zinthu zabwino ndi zinthu zoipa. Ndi kupyolera mwa majeremusi omwe chitetezo cha mthupi chimatha kukweza chitetezo choyenera.
Ma antibodies ndi mapuloteni omwe amagwira ntchito ndi antigen kuti asokoneze anthu akunja. Pamene thupi limapeza antigen yachilendo, ilo limapanga munthu wodwala wodwalayo amene angagwirizanitse ndi antigen ngati loko ndi fungulo. Pamene fungulo liri mulolo, selo ya antigen silingathe kubereka. Mwa kuletsa mphamvu ya wofalitsa kubereka, imaphedwa bwino ndipo matendawa achotsedwa.
Mwamwayi, pamene ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, ma antibodieswa sakhala amphamvu kwambiri kuti athetse chiwopsezo, kusiya kuti kachilombo ka HIV kachulukitse ndikuwononga chitetezo cha mthupi.
Mmene HIV imawonongera chitetezo cha m'thupi
Pambuyo pa sitepe yoyamba ya HIV , chitetezo cha mthupi chimatha kukhala ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda omwe alibe kachilombo koyambitsa matenda koma sanagwiritse ntchito "otetezedwa". Munthu yemwe ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV kawirikawiri amasunga nthawiyi, nthawi zambiri ali ndi zizindikiro zochepa.
Koma vuto ndiloti, pamene chitetezo choyamba cha mthupi chimakhala cholimba, chimachepa ndi zinthu ziwiri:
- Poyamba, matenda oyambirira, kachilombo ka HIV (kutchedwa provirus ) amatha kuthawa ndi "kubisala" m'mabwalo am'manja omwe amatchedwa malo osungira , kumene thupi silingakhoze kuwazindikira.
- Pakalipano, kugwira ntchito mwakhama komanso kwaulere kachilombo ka HIV kumachepetsa chitetezo cha mthupi pogwiritsa ntchito ma CD4 T-maselo omwe amayenera kuti ayankhe. Pochita zimenezi, chitetezo cha mthupi chimasiyidwa khungu ndipo chimakhala chochepa kwambiri chodziletsa.
Ngati maselo a CD4 ataphedwa, chitetezo cha mthupi chimakhala "chosokonezeka," sichitha kuimitsa otsutsa kapena kupeŵa matenda ena opatsirana kuti asagwire ndi kuchititsa matenda
Iyi ndi siteji yomwe imatchulidwa kuti Edzi , yomwe timafotokozera kuti tili ndi CD4 chiwerengero choposa 200 maselo / mL komanso / kapena kukhala ndi matenda a Edzi .