Asayansi "amaphunzitsa" maselo a mthupi kuti akhale otha kupha
M'zaka zaposachedwapa, ofufuza aika patsogolo kwambiri njira zosiyanasiyana zochepetsera HIV , momwe chitetezo cha thupi chimatetezedwa kuti chiteteze chitetezo cha HIV. Kwa anthu ambiri, mphamvu ya thupi yotetezera imatha pakapita nthawi monga maselo omwe amawatcha "opha", omwe amadziwika ngati CD8 + T-maselo , amatha kutaya kachilombo ka HIV.
Kuti athetse mavuto, kachilombo ka HIV kamatha kudzidzimutsa mwamsanga ku malo omwe amatchedwa malo osungirako malo-malo omwe amatha kubisala-kumene angapitirize kupitirizabe kwa zaka zambiri ngakhale zaka makumi angapo ngakhale ali ndi mankhwala opatsirana opatsirana pogonana.
Pofuna kuthetseratu kachilombo ka HIV, asayansi sayenera kutulutsa kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa kachilombo ka HIV kuchokera ku malo opatulikawa koma kuwapha ndi othandizira kwambiri kapena poyambitsa chitetezo cha mthupi (kapena onse). Ngakhale ofufuza akufufuza njira zatsopano zowonjezerapo kuti adzalandire kachilombo ka HIV, kufikira lero sitinapeze njira zowonongera kachilombo kamene kamatulutsidwa.
Asayansi a pa Yunivesite ya Johns Hopkins University of Medicine, motsogozedwa ndi wofufuza akuluakulu Robert Siciliano, MD, Ph.D., sanangowonetsera chifukwa chake izi zikuchitika koma apanga njira yomwe ingatsegule chitseko kuti apange katemera wokhoza kuthetsa kuchepetsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Chitsanzo cha "Kuphunzitsa" Kupha Tells
Mu kafukufuku wawo, Siciliano ndi gulu lake adanena kuti kachilombo ka HIV kamene kamasulidwa posachedwa kamasinthidwa kuti asadziwike kwathunthu kwa CD8 + T-maselo. Amakhulupirira kuti mwa "kuphunzitsa" maselo otetezerawa kuti apeze malo abwino ndikupha maselo omwe ali ndi kachilomboka omwe amachititsa kuti azidziwika kuti ndi CD4 + T-maselo- akhoza kuteteza thupi la HIV kapena, HIV popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala.
Ofufuzawo adayamba kutenga magazi kuchokera kwa odwala HIV omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, omwe 10 adayambitsa ART mkati mwa miyezi itatu ya kachilomboka ndipo ena otsala omwe adayambanso kuchipatala pakadutsa matendawa pamene zizindikiro zoyamba za matendazo zimaonekera.
N'zosadabwitsa kuti omwe anayambitsa ART poyamba anali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a Edzi pomwe ena omwe adayambanso kale amatchedwa kusintha "kusintha" komwe kunathandiza kuti mapuloteni a tizilombo tizilumikize kuti tisadziwe. Komabe, ndi chiyani chomwe Siciliano ndi ochita kafukufuku ake adapeza kuti zonse zosasinthika ndi kusintha kwa HIV zasungira gawo laling'ono la mapuloteni awo oyambirira. Pogwiritsa ntchito CD8 + T-maselo kuti azindikire mapuloteniwa "chizindikiro," asayansi amakhulupirira kuti selo likhonza kukhala ndi mphamvu zowunikira ndi kuwononga kachilomboka.
Mu kafukufuku wa ma laboratory, ofufuzawo anapeza odwala T-maselo kuchokera kwa odwala awo ndipo anawaonetsa kuti ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda kapena kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a HIV. Chitsanzocho kenaka chinawonetsedwa ndi CD4 + T-maselo omwe anatenga kachilombo ka HIV kuchokera kwa odwala omwe amadziwika kuti ali ndi kusintha kwake. Pambuyo pofufuza zotsatira, Siciliano ndi gulu lake adapeza kuti maselo a T-T-cell omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV adasinthidwa komanso osasinthika adatha kupha masentimita makumi asanu ndi limodzi (63%) omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV pamene anthu omwe ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV amatha kupha 23%.
Ofufuzawo anafufuza chitsanzo cha mbewa zaumunthu (mwachitsanzo, mbewa zimapangidwira kuti zikhale ndi chitetezo cha mthupi) chomwe aliyense adapezeka kuti ali ndi HIV. Pamene mbewa zinakula pang'onopang'ono, matenda opatsirana ndipo adayesedwa ndi amodzi kapena ena "ophunzitsidwa" T-maselo akupha, zotsatira zake zinali zofanana. Onse omwe adalandira a T-cell omwe amaphedwa ndi HIV atangokhala ndi HIV. Anthu omwe analandira T-maselo omwe amathandizidwa ndi HIV komanso osasinthika, amakhala ndi chiwindi chokwanira , zikwi zikwi zambiri m'thupi, ndi zina zomwe zimawoneka kuti sizikuoneka.
Kafukufuku wa Johns Hopkins amapereka chitsimikiziro chotsimikizirika chomwe chingathe kutsogolera njira yatsopano yothetsera HIV kapena kulamulira.
Zotsatira:
Streek, H .; Brumme, Z ;; Anastario, M .; et al. "Antigen Load ndi Zotsatira Zachilombo Zosokoneza Kutsimikizira Cholinga cha Ntchito ya HIV-1 Yeniyeni ya CD8 + T." PLoS | Mankhwala. May 6, 2008; lembani: 10.1371 / magazini.pmed 0050100.
Buggert, M .; Tauriainen, J ;; Yamamoto, T .; et al. "T-bet ndi Eomes Zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi Phenotype Yopseza ya CD8 T Maselo mu HIV Infection." PLoS | Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda . July 17, 2014; 10 (7): yes: 10.1371 / magazini.ppat.1004251.
Kitchen, S .; Jones, N .; LaForge, S .; et al. "CD4 pa CD8 (+) T maselo amathandizira kwambiri kugwira ntchito ndi cholinga cha HIV." Kupititsa patsogolo kwa National Academy of Science USA. 2004; 101: 8727-8732.
Deng, K .; Pertia, M ;; Rongvaux, A .; et al. "Kuyankha kwa CTL kuli kofunika kuti tipewe HIV yowonongeka chifukwa cha kusintha kwa masinthidwe." Chilengedwe. January 7, 2015; lembani: 10.1038 / nature14053.