Osasamala. Penyani Zomwe Zimagwiritsidwa Ntchito ndi Kugonana Kwachilombo ku HIV
Kuyambira m'masiku oyambirira a mliri wa HIV, chamba (cannabis) chagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthetsa mavuto ambiri a matenda, kuchokera ku zizindikiro za HIV kutaya matenda ku zotsatira zokhudzana ndi mankhwala opatsirana pogonana .
Ngakhale kuti mankhwala osokoneza bongo atsopano amachepetsa kwambiri chiŵerengero ndi kuuma kwa zikhalidwe zambirizi, chamba chimagwiritsidwabe ngati njira yothandizira kuchepetsa kupweteka, kunyowa, kulemera kwa thupi, ndi kuvutika maganizo komwe kungayende ndi matenda.
Pomwepo pali ndondomeko kuti chamba chimatha kupeza phindu la nthawi yaitali mwa kuchepetsa kuchepa-kapena ngakhale kuteteza matendawa.
Kotero kodi zoona ndi ziti? Kodi pali maphunziro alionse othandizira zotsutsa izi, kapena kodi chamba ndi ntchito yothana ndi kachilombo ka HIV ndipo palibe phindu lililonse?
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Marijuana Poyambirira kwa HIV
Kuchokera kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1980 mpaka pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1990, HIV inayambitsa imfa ndi matenda ku United States. Mankhwala oyambitsa kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a Edzi sakanatha kufooka msanga , nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa komanso zina zolepheretsa.
Kuwonjezera apo, anthu omwe ali ndi matendawa anali pangozi yaikulu ya matenda omwe sitimawawona nthawi zambiri masiku ano, kuphatikizapo Kaposi's sarcoma (khansa yapakhungu yosaoneka bwino), matenda a AIDS , ndi matenda omwe amatchulidwa kale.
Ndipotu, izi zinali zotsiriza zomwe poyamba zinalimbikitsa chithandizo cha chamba. Madokotala, omwe panthaŵiyi anali ndi njira zochepa zothandizira, anaganiza kuti chilakolako cha chiwombankhanga-chokweza malo chingapindulitse iwo omwe akukumana ndi kulemera kwakukulu, kosadziwika chifukwa cha izi.
Popeza kuti malamulo panthaŵiyi ankaletsa kwambiri kusuta chamba pazinthu zochizira matenda, madokotala anayamba kulemba mankhwala a Pulogalamu III Marinol (dronabinol) , omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe a tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
Ngakhale Marinol atapambana kuthetsa zizindikiro zambiri za kuwonongeka kwa kachilombo ka HIV, ambiri adakondabebe "nthawi yomweyo" yomwe inagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa ndudu ya cigupe kuyambira atatu mpaka 4.
Kafukufuku Wothandiza Marijuana Pochiza Kuopsa kwa HIV
Ngakhale kuti chithandizo cha mbakhwa pochiza kachilombo ka HIV ndi kolimba, kafukufuku wambiri akuthandizirabe. Izi zikuyenera, makamaka, kuti malamulo oletsa kusuta chamba amaletsa kufufuza kosavuta kwa sayansi.
Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, maphunziro opititsa patsogolo ntchito ya Marinol akhala atakhazikitsidwa bwino. Kafukufuku wa kawirikawiri komanso wautali watha kuti Marinol angawonjezere njala ndi kulemera kwa anthu omwe akupita patsogolo kwambiri, pamene akupeza phindu la magawo limodzi pa minofu yowonda.
Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, pali deta yochepa yomwe ikuwonetsa mphamvu ya kusuta chamba pokwaniritsa zotsatira zomwezo. Kafukufuku wochuluka, akuoneka kuti akuwonetsa kuti Marinol amatha kupindula kwambiri. Ngakhale zili choncho, anthu amakonda kusuta chamba chifukwa cha phindu lawo, kuchokera pa nthawi yomweyo mpaka kumapeto kwake.
Komanso, mankhwala osokoneza bongo monga Megace (megestrol acetate) amadziwika kuti amathandiza kwambiri kuwonjezera phindu kuposa Marinol (ngakhale kuti kulemera kwa thupi kumawonjezeka chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka kwa mafuta a thupi kusiyana ndi kuchepa kwa minofu). Mwa mankhwala atatuwa, palibe omwe amawoneka kuti alibe mphamvu pa kubwezeretsa chisaxia , kuthamanga kwa minofu komwe kumayenderana ndi kuwonongeka kwakukulu.
Masiku ano, njira zambiri zothandizira mankhwalawa zimaphatikizapo zofuna zokhudzana ndi kudya ndi anabolic (monga testosterone ndi hormone ya kukula kwa anthu) kuti awononge kwambiri. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, chamba chikhoza kupindulitsa kwambiri kuposa kulemera komanso kulakalaka kudya. Powonjezera chidziwitso cha moyo wa munthu, pali umboni wakuti chamba cha mankhwala chingawathandize kwambiri kuti munthu azitsatira kachilombo ka HIV .
Ndipotu, kafukufuku wofalitsidwa m'magazini ya Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes anamaliza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zazikulu za m'mimba anali 3,3 nthawi zambiri kuti athe kutsatira mankhwala awo okhudzana ndi kachirombo ka HIV ngati akuwonjezeredwa ndi kusuta chamba.
Marijuana Powononga Mliri wa Mitsempha Yokhudzana ndi HIV
Kuwonjezera pa chilakolako chake chofuna kukondweretsa, chamba chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza kuchepetsa mitsempha ya mitsempha yotchedwa peripheral neuropathy , yomwe imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mankhwala omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV.
Mphuno ya m'mimba imapezeka pamene chimbudzi chamkati chikuphimba maselo a mitsempha atachotsedwa. Izi zikachitika, kumapeto kwa mitsempha kumayambitsa "zikhomo ndi singano" zosamvetsetseka zomwe zingayambe kufooketsa kwambiri. Nthawi zina, matendawa amatha kwambiri kuyenda kapena ngakhale kulemera kwa kabedi pamapazi omwe sangathe kupirira.
Akatswiri ambiri ofufuza apeza momwe chiwerengero cha chamba chimagwirira ntchito pochiza matendawa. Kafukufuku wina, womwe unachitikira ku General Clinical Research Clinic ku San Francisco General Hospital, unayesa zotsatira za kusuta chamba ndi anthu omwe ali ndi matenda opatsirana m'mimba motsutsana ndi malo osagwiritsira ntchito TB omwe samagwiritsidwa ntchito m'gulu lachiwiri.
Malingana ndi kafukufuku, kusuta fodya kunachepa kupweteka tsiku ndi tsiku ndi 34 peresenti, kawiri chiwerengero chomwe chikuwonetsedwa mu gulu la placebo. Komanso, anthu 52 pa anthu 100 alionse amene amamwa fodya amachepetsa kupweteka kwambiri, poyerekezera ndi 24 peresenti yokha ya mkono.
Wofufuzirayo anaganiza kuti kugwiritsira ntchito kusuta fodya kunali kofanana ndi pakalipano pakamwa komwe kamagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda opatsirana okhudza kachilombo ka HIV.
Kodi Marijuana Ingayambe Kuletsa Matenda a HIV?
Ngakhale kuti pali kafukufuku wochuluka kuti athandizire kugwiritsa ntchito chamba pokhala ndi zochitika zambiri zokhudzana ndi kachirombo ka HIV, pakhala pali njira zowonjezereka zomwe mankhwalawa angakhale, pang'onopang'ono , kuchepa kwa matenda .
Kafukufuku wopangidwa ku Louisiana State University anasonyeza kuti tsiku lililonse mankhwala a THC amagwirizanitsa ndi machitidwe ochepa a mavairasi komanso maulendo abwino opulumuka monke omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, abuluwo anali ndi ma CD4 + T-maselo osaneneka , komanso kuchepa pang'ono poyerekeza ndi anzawo omwe sanali a THC.
Malingana ndi kafukufukuyu, pamene atayikidwa pa miyezi 17, THC inkawoneka kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa matenda a chitetezo cha m'mimba, malo oyamba a kachirombo ka HIV. Pochita zimenezo (ndipo zikuwoneka kuti ali pa chiwerengero cha majini), kupititsa patsogolo kwa matenda kunachepa kwambiri ndipo yankho la chitetezo cha mthupi limatetezedwa.
Ngakhale sizikudziwika bwinobwino momwe zotsatira za THC zikusinthira, zimakhulupirira kuti kukakamizidwa kwa CR2 (kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa kamene kamagwirizanitsidwa ndi chithandizo chochiritsira choyenera) chingalepheretse chimodzi mwa ziwiri zikuluzikulu zamtundu wa HIV.
Ngati zowona, izi zikhoza kupangitsa njira yothandizira kuti CR2 ikhale yogwira ntchito yoteteza chitetezo cha mthupi komanso kuchepetsa matendawa. Chimene sichikutanthauza kuti chamba, kaya ndi kusuta kapena kutengedwa m'kamwa, zingathe kupindula ndi HIV.
Zotsatira Zoipa za Kugwiritsa Ntchito Marijuana
Nkhani ya chamba cha zachipatala imakhalabe yatsutsana kwambiri ndi ndale. Ngakhale kuti, pambali imodzi, pali zizindikiro zowonjezera zogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala, pali zotsatira zambiri zomwe zingalepheretse phindu.
Monga mankhwala, THC imagwira ntchito pa maselo ena a ubongo omwe amachititsa kuti ubongo ukhale wopita patsogolo. Pogwiritsa ntchito zosangalatsa, THC imapangitsa maselowa kukhala osangalatsa, kupereka "mkulu" omwe akugwiritsa ntchito mwakhama. Achinyamata, msinkhuwu wa kukakamiza kwambiri kungakhudze kwambiri chidziwitso kwa nthawi yaitali, kuwonetsetsa ndi kukumbukira bwino ndi kuchepetsa luso la kuphunzira. (Zomwezo sizikuwoneka kuti ndi zoona kwa akulu omwe amasuta nthawi zonse.)
Kuwonjezera pamenepo, kugwiritsira ntchito chimbudzi chokwanira chikugwirizana ndi zovuta zambiri za thupi ndi maganizo, kuphatikizapo:
- Matenda opweteka, ofanana ndi omwe amawonedwa ndi osuta fodya
- Kuwonjezeka kwa mtima, vuto kwa omwe ali ndi matenda a mtima
- Matenda omwe amatha kubereka pa nthawi ya pakati
- Kuwonjezera pa zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi matenda a maganizo, kuphatikizapo schizophrenia
- Kumwa mowa mwauchidakwa komanso kuchepetsa nthawi yowonongeka, pafupifupi kaŵirikawiri kuopsa kwa ngozi yapamsewu ya galimoto
- Kulephera kwa kubala kwa abambo chifukwa cha kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha umuna
Ngakhale kuti zotsatira za kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, zoterezi zimakhala zochepa, zingakhale zovuta kwa anthu omwe ali pachiopsezo. Zotsatirazi zimakhala zogwirizana ndi mlingo ndipo zimatha kusiyana pakati pa munthu ndi mnzake.
Mosiyana ndi zimene anthu ambiri amakhulupirira, chidole chimatha kumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Chithandizo cha chizoloŵezi ichi chaletsedwa makamaka ku chithandizo chamankhwala. Palibe mankhwala omwe alipo kuti athetse vutoli.
Malamulo a Marijuana Medical ndi State
Malo ovomerezeka a nkhanza zachipatala akusintha mofulumira. Masiku ano, oposa theka la mayiko a US tsopano amalola kuti pulogalamu yamankhwala ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Ngakhale kuti boma la Federal likulongosola kuti chamba ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo (mwachitsanzo, kukhala ndi mwayi wodalirika komanso kusagwiritsidwa ntchito kwachipatala), kukakamizidwa kuti alembetse malamulo kwakhala kukulirakulira, ndipo mayiko ena amalola kuti agulitsa malonda kwa anthu akuluakulu. Malamulo m'mayikowa amasiyana koma nthawi zambiri amateteza ku chigamulo ngati marijuana imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zamankhwala. Kulima kwanu kumadera ena kumaloledwanso.
Pofika m'chaka cha 2016, mayiko asanu ndi atatu a ku United States (Alaska, California, Colorado, Maine, Massachusetts, Nevada, Oregon, Washington) adayesa chamba cogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala ndi zosangalatsa.
Ngakhale kuti kusinthaku kwasintha, monga ndondomeko yoyamba, mankhwala osokoneza bongo amakhalabe osagwirizana ndi malamulo a Federal. Momwemonso, chamba chachipatala sichikhoza kubisika ndi inshuwalansi kapena sangathe kuuzidwa ndi dokotala, yemwe angawononge milandu ngakhale pamene nkhanza za mankhwala ndizovomerezeka.
> Zotsatira:
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> Haney, M. "Zotsatira za kusuta fodya wathanzi komanso osuta fodya." Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. November 2002; 42 (11 Supplement): 34S-40S.
> De Jong, B ;; Choyamba, D .; McFarland, W .; et al. Gwiritsani Ntchito Msampha ndi Chiyanjano Chake Ndi Kugwirizana ndi Matenda a Antiretroviral Pakati pa Anthu Opatsirana ndi HIV Omwe Ali ndi Matenda Ochepa Kwambiri. " Journal of Disqual Immune Deficiency Syndromes. January 1, 2005; 38 (1): 43-46.
> Abrams, D .; Jay, C .; Mthunzi, S .; et al. "Mankhwala a khansa mu matenda opatsirana okhudza kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a HIV: Kuyesedwa kwapadera kwapadera." Neurology . February 13; 2007; 68 (7): 515-521.
> Molina, P .; Amedee, A .; LeCapitaine, N .; et al. "Kusinthika kwa Njira Zowonongeka ndi Matenda Osalekeza A 9 - Tetrahydrocannabinol Administration mu Male Rhesus Macaques Odwala Matenda a Simian Immunodeficiency Virus: A Systems Biology Analysis." Kafukufuku wa AIDS ndi Retroviruses. June 2014; 30 (6): 567-578.