Zimayambitsa, Kuchiza ndi Kupewa Kutayika Kwambiri Kunenepa
HIV kutaya matenda kumatanthawuza kuti kupitilira mwakuya, mopanda kudzimva kulemera kwawoneka kwa odwala omwe ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV. Makampani a United States for Control and Prevention (CDC) adatulutsa kachilombo ka HIV monga chikhalidwe cha AIDS mu 1987, ndipo adadziwika ndi izi:
- Kuchepetsa kutaya kwa osachepera 10%;
- zikupezeka pamaso pa kutsegula m'mimba kapena kufooka kwanthawi yaitali;
- ndi malungo olembedwa;
- kwa nthawi yosachepera masiku 30;
- zomwe sizikukhudzana ndi chikhalidwe chimodzimodzi osati kachilombo ka HIV .
Kulepheretsa (cachexia) sikuyenera kusokonezeka ndi kulemera kwake, komwe kumatanthawuza kuwonongeka kwa thupi. Mosiyana, kuwonongeka kumatanthawuza kuwonongeka kwa kukula kwa thupi ndi misa, makamaka makamaka minofu yoonda. N'zotheka, mwachitsanzo, kuti wina yemwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV ataya minofu yambiri pamene akukula mafuta.
Nchiyani Chimachititsa Kuwononga HIV?
Pachilombo cha HIV, thupi limatha kudya zambiri zopezera mphamvu. Ndipotu, kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV-ngakhale omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino komanso osadziwika-adzawotcha mafuta oposa 10% kuposa anthu omwe alibe matenda. Popeza mapuloteni ndi mafuta amatha kutembenuka kukhala amphamvu kuposa mafuta, thupi limakhala lopangitsa kuti thupi likhale lopanda mphamvu pamene zowonjezera zatha kapena sizipezeka m'magazi.
Kuthetsedwa kwa mapuloteni a seramu kungakhale chifukwa cha kusowa kwa zakudya m'thupi kapena matenda a malabsorptive omwe thupi silingathe kuyamwa zakudya. Pamene matenda a HIV akutha, kutsekula m'mimba nthawi zambiri kumagwirizanitsa ndi malabsorption, ndipo ukhoza kukhala zotsatira za HIV mwiniyo ngati kachilombo kamayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa matumbo a m'matumbo.
Kutaya kwapang'onopang'ono (ndi nthawi zina) kutayika kwa minofu kawirikawiri kumatchulidwa mwa anthu omwe ali ndi Edzi, ngakhale kuti ikhoza kuchitika panthawi iliyonse ya kachirombo ka HIV .
Kutaya kachilombo ka HIV ndi mankhwala opatsirana pogonana
Asanayambe kulandira mankhwala opatsirana pogonana (ART) , kufalikira kwowonongeka kunali kwakukulu kwambiri kuposa 37%. Komabe, ngakhale kuti ART imakhala yothandiza, kuwonongeka kumakhalabe kovuta kwambiri, ndipo kafukufuku wina akusonyeza kuti paliponse pakati pa 20% mpaka 34% odwala adzawonongeka, ngakhale kuti sizinali zovuta kwambiri.
Ngakhale ART ikudziwika kuti kuchepetsa kulemera kwa thupi ndi kusowa kwa zakudya m'thupi mwa anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, sikungathetsere kutayika kwa minofu kapena kubwezeretsanso kamodzi kathupi kamene kamabwezeretsedwa. Zambiri zokhudzana ndi kuwonongeka kwa msinkhu wa 3% wa minofu zikhoza kuonjezera chiopsezo cha imfa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, pomwe imfa ya oposa 10% imakhudzidwa ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chayi kapena sikisi.
Kuchiza ndi Kuteteza HIV Kulepheretsa
Pakalipano palibe njira yowonongeka yowononga kachilombo ka HIV chifukwa nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa matenda (mwachitsanzo, matenda okhudzana ndi mankhwala, zotsatira za mankhwala, kusowa zakudya m'thupi).
Komabe, pali njira zambiri zomwe mungatsatire kuti muthe kulimbana ndi kulemera kwa thupi ndi kuwonongeka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi HIV:
- Kuyamba kwa ART kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda opatsirana , kuphatikizapo matenda a m'mimba.
- Kusintha kwa zakudya kuonjezera chakudya cha caloric ndi 10% (ndipo mpaka 30% mwa iwo omwe akuchira matenda). Mafuta, mafuta ndi mapuloteni ayenera kukhala ofanana. Maphunziro a uphungu ndi uphungu ayenera kufufuzidwa kwa omwe ali ndi zolemera (kuphatikizapo kulemera kochepa kapena matenda opatsirana) kapena kusowa kwa zakudya zathanzi.
- Onetsetsani kuti nthawi zonse mutha kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, ndikuwunikira kuti musamaphunzitse kuti musamangidwe kapena musunge minofu.
- Ngakhale kuti mphamvu ya testosterone yothandizira m'malo mwake imakhala yosadziwika bwino ngati kachilombo ka HIV kakuwonongeka, ikhoza kuyitanidwa pa nthawi imene vuto la testosterone (hypogonadism) limadziwika.
- Zakudya zamadzimadzi (monga Kuonjezera VHC, Onetsetsani Kuti Wonjezerapo kapena Nestlé Nutren) zingakhale zothandiza kwa anthu omwe akuvutika kudya chakudya cholimba kapena omwe amadya koma sangathe kulemera. Komabe, monga zakudya zonse zowonjezera zakudya, izi sizikutanthauza kubweretsa chakudya choyenera.
- Ngakhale multivitamin tsiku ndi tsiku akulimbikitsidwa kuti azidya chakudya chabwino, palibe umboni wosonyeza kuti munthu wina ali ndi mphamvu zowonjezereka kapena athandizidwe pa nthawi yomwe akugonjetsa kachilombo ka HIV (ndipo angapangitse kutsegula m'mimba ndi malabsorption ngati atapitirira).
- Ngati mukudwala matenda otsekula m'mimba, matenda opatsirana ndi opaleshoni ndi othandizira kuti azindikire zomwe zingayambitse. Mankhwala oletsa kutsekula m'mimba ayenera kuuzidwa kuti athetse kapena kuchepetsa kuopsa kwa kutsekula m'mimba ndi m'mimba. Mankhwala a Mytesi (crofelemer) adavomerezedwa ndi US Food and Drug Administration mu 2012 kuti athetse kutsekula m'mimba mwa anthu omwe ali ndi HIV.
- Ngati kuwonongeka kwakukulu, kugwiritsa ntchito homoni ya kukula (HGH) kungathandize kubwezeretsa minofu nthawi zina, ngakhale kuti mankhwalawa ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri ndipo zotsatira zake zimangokhalapo kamodzi kokha kafukufuku.
Zotsatira:
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Tang, A .; Forrester, J ;; Spiegelman, D .; et al. : Kutaya thupi ndi kupulumuka kwa odwala kachilombo ka HIV m'nthaŵi yothandizira kwambiri ma antiretroviral. " Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, October 1, 2002; 31 (2): 230-6.
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US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). "FDA imavomereza mankhwala oyamba oletsa kutsekula m'mimba kwa odwala HIV / AIDS." Silver Spring, Maryland; ndondomeko yofalitsa yomwe inatulutsidwa pa December 31, 2012.