Mafunso 4 Omwe Amafunsidwa Kawirikawiri
Kumvetsetsa zizindikiro za HIV kumatithandiza kuti tiziteteza (ngakhale kupewa) bwino tisanafike. Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti nthawi zambiri palibe zizindikiro zowopsa kwa kachilombo ka HIV, komanso kuti zizindikiro zikayamba kuonekera, nthawi zambiri kachilombo ka HIV kamayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa chitetezo cha munthu.
Mantha ndi malingaliro olakwika ponena za kachirombo ka HIV amalepheretsa anthu kupeza chithandizo ndi chisamaliro omwe amafunikira , popanda kutanthauzira molakwika liwu lakuti "kusazindikira" kutanthauza "popanda matenda."
Zina zimangodikirira mpaka zizindikiro zowonjezereka kapena zonyalanyaza mpaka pokhapokha zitatha kumapeto-kusazindikira kuti kugwidwa kwa zizindikiro za kanthaŵi kochepa sizisonyezero ya kusintha kapena chizindikiro "chonse chowonekera" kuti matendawa achotsedwa.
Choncho ambiri ali ndi maganizo olakwika omwe ambiri amapitiriza kupeŵa chithandizo mosafunika, kawirikawiri kwa zaka zambiri. Masiku ano, kuchuluka kwa CD4 pachiyambi cha mankhwala ochepetsa kachilombo ka HIV (ART) kumakhala maselo 145 / mL kwa mayiko osauka, maselo 155 / mL kwa maiko apakatikati, maselo 135 / mL kwa mayiko apakatikati, ndi maselo 274 / mL m'mayiko olemera kwambiri.
(Malangizo a US amalimbikitsa ART pa chiwerengero cha CD4 kapena kuposa ma CD4 a 500, pamene anthu omwe ali ndi CD4 pansi pa 200 amaonedwa kuti ali ndi AIDS .)
Choncho pamene kuli kofunika kuzindikira zizindikiro za HIV, zizindikiro zokha sizingatsimikize ngati matendawa achitika kapena ngati matenda opatsirana pogonana akukula.
Kachilombo ka HIV kokha kapena kachilombo ka dokotala kokha kamatsimikiza kuti.
Chimene mungachite ndi kudziphunzitsa nokha. Ndipo zonse zimayamba mwa kudzifunsa nokha mafunso ochepa:
1. Kodi Zizindikiro Zakale za HIV ndi ziti?
Mu 40% za matenda omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, mawonekedwe ofanana ndi chimfine adzayamba mkati mwa masiku asanu ndi awiri ndi asanu ndi awiri (14) kuchokera pa kutuluka. Matendawa amatchedwa "acute retroviral syndrome" (kapena ARS).
Zizindikiro zimatha kukhala wofatsa mpaka zolimba ndikupitirira kwa miyezi panthawi ndipo zimaphatikizapo:
- Fever
- Mutu
- Kutuluka kwa usiku
- Sungani
- Myalgia (thupi lonse, kupweteka kwa thupi kapena kupweteka)
- Mphuno (mawonekedwe a maonekedwe a chizunguliro ndipo nthawi zambiri amafalitsidwa kuzungulira kumtunda kwa thupi ndi / kapena manja a manja)
Phunzirani chifukwa chake nkofunika kudziwa zizindikiro za ARS, komanso momwe kuthandizira koyambirira kungalepheretse chitukuko cha matenda a nthawi yaitali, onse omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV komanso omwe alibe HIV.
2. Kodi Zizindikiro za HIV ndi Gawo Liti?
Zizindikiro zambiri zokhudzana ndi matenda oyambirira zimachokera ku momwe thupi limayankhira kwa HIV mwini, momwe chitetezo cha mthupi chimayikidwa pamwamba poyang'anira pamaso pa wowononga wamba. Zizindikiro za matenda otha msinkhu amapezeka pamene kachilombo ka HIV kamadwalitsa chitetezo cha mthupi, kuchepetsa kuthekera kwake kumenyana ndi matenda. Phunzirani chifukwa chake izi zikuchitika komanso momwe HIV yosatetezere ingayambitsire chitukuko chomwe chimatchedwa "AIDS".
3. Kodi matenda a Edzi ndi otani? "
Matendawa amatchedwa "opatsa chithandizo" pamene kutaya kwa chitetezo cha mthupi kumateteza mabakiteriya, mavairasi ndi anthu ena akunja. Zina mwazo ndi matenda opatsirana ndi Edzi, magulu a matenda omwe amachitidwa ndi Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) monga kuwonetseratu mwachindunji kuwonongeka kwa chitetezo cha mthupi chifukwa cha HIV.
Pakalipano pakadali pano matenda 27 akugwiriridwa ndi Edzi akufotokozera:
- Matenda a bakiteriya, ambiri kapena obwerezabwereza
- Candidiasis ya bronchi, trachea, kapena mapapu
- Candidiasis wa mimba
- Khansara ya chiberekero (yovuta)
- Coccidioidomycosis , yofalitsidwa kupitirira mapapo
- Cryptococcosis, kuwonetsera kunja kwa mapapo
- Cryptosporidiosis , matumbo osapitirira kwa mwezi umodzi
- Matenda a Cytomegalovirus (osati m'chiwindi, nthata, kapena amaliseche)
- Matenda a Cytomegalovirus ndi kutaya masomphenya
- Encephalopathy (zokhudzana ndi HIV)
- Vuto la Herpes simplex , lomwe limakhala lalitali kuposa mwezi umodzi kapena m'dera lina osati khungu, monga mitsempha kapena mapapo
- Histoplasmosis , kufalitsidwa kunja kwa mapapo
- Kaposi's sarcoma (KS)
- Lymphoid interstitial chibayo kapena pulmonary lymphoid hyperplasia
- Burkitt lymphoma (kapena mawu ofanana)
- Immunoblastic lymphoma (kapena mawu ofanana)
- Matenda akuluakulu a ubongo
- Mycobacterium avium complex kapena Mycobacterium kansasii , amafalitsidwa kunja kwa mapapo
- Matenda a Mycobacterium a malo aliwonse (mapapo, otambasulidwa, kapena kunja kwa mapapo)
- Mycobacterium, mitundu ina kapena mitundu yosadziŵika, imafalitsidwa kunja kwa mapapo
- Pneumocystis carinii chibayo (PCP), chochitidwa ndi bowa Pneumocystis jiroveci
- Chibayo (chizolowezi)
- Mapulogalamu amphamvu kwambiri a leukoencephalopathy (PML)
- Salmonella septicemia (kawirikawiri)
- Toxoplasmosis wa ubongo
- Chifuwa chachikulu
- Kulimbana ndi matenda
Phunzirani chifukwa chake matendawa amatengedwa ngati Edzi ndikufotokozera kuti kukhalapo kwa zinthu izi kumatanthauza bwanji zotsatira zaumoyo wanu wautali.
4. Kodi Ndingakhale Ndi Moyo Wotali Ngati Ndili ndi HIV?
Phunziro la 2014 ndi Multicenter AIDS Cohort Phunziro likusonyeza kuti anthu omwe amayamba kachilombo ka HIV pamtundu wa CD4 wa maselo 350 / mL angathe kukhala ndi moyo wokhalapo-kapena wamkulu kuposa onsewo. Phunzirani zinthu zomwe zimakhudza chiyembekezo cha moyo kwa anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, komanso zomwe zingathe kuchepetsa moyo wautali kwa zaka 22.
Zotsatira:
Willard, S .; Holzemer, W .; Wantland, D .; et al. "Kodi 'Kusokonezeka' Kumatanthauza Pokhapokha Zizindikiro kwa Omwe Ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV?" AIDS Care. March 2009; 21 (3): 322-328.
Mabungwe a IeDEA ndi ART Cohort. "CD4 chiwerengero cha mankhwala ochepetsa kachilombo ka HIV amayamba kuwonjezeka padziko lonse, koma chikhoza kukhala bwino!" Journal of Disqual Immune Deficiency Syndromes. January 2014; 65 (1): e8-e16. lembani: 10.1097