Kuchokera ku Matenda Odziwika Amodzi Mwachidziwikire Moyo Uwopseza Matenda
Matenda a fungal amapezeka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV ndipo amatha kupezeka pazigawo zosiyana siyana za matendawa, kuyambira pachiyambi mpaka pachilombo cha AIDS . Matenda atatu omwe amafala kwambiri ndi fungal amadziwika kuti candidiasis , cryptococcosis , histoplasmosis , ndi coccidiomycosis.
Candidiasis
Candidiasis imayamba ndi mtundu wa yisiti wotchedwa Candida .
Matendawa amapezeka makamaka pakamwa ndi m'mimba, ngakhale m'madera ena a thupi (makamaka anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV).
Iyo ikakhala pakamwa ngati thrush, nthawi zambiri imadziwika ndi zikopa zofiira, zoyera pa lirime ndi mbali zina za pakamwa ndi mmero. Pamene iyo ikupereka mu vaginja ngati matenda a yisiti , imasiyanitsidwa ndi kanyumba kakang'ono-tchizi-monga "kutaya.
Pamene matendawa akufalikira ku mimba, bronchi, trachea, kapena mapapu, matendawa amaonedwa kuti ndi oopsa komanso ovomerezeka monga chikhalidwe cha Edzi kwa anthu omwe ali ndi HIV.
Zizindikiro za candidiasis zikuphatikizapo:
- Zokopa zoyera mkati mwa pakamwa, pamwamba pammero kapena lirime.
- Pakhosi ndi kusintha kwa kukoma ndizofala.
- Kupweteka kwa chifuwa ndi kuvutika kukumeza kutsagoloka kwa candidiasis.
- Kutentha kwa maginito, kuyaka, ndi kutayika koyera kumatanthawuza mawere a candidiasis.
Cryptococcosis
Matenda a cryptococcosis ndi matenda opweteka kwambiri omwe amachititsa anthu oposa 1 miliyoni padziko lonse lapansi chaka chilichonse. Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, nthawi zambiri amatha kupita ku chidziwitso cha cryptococcal meningitis, chomwe chimakhudza dongosolo loyamba la mitsempha ndipo lero ndilo vuto lachitatu la anthu omwe ali ndi Edzi.
Nkhungu zam'madzi , C. neoformans kapena C. gatti, zimapezeka mu nthaka yomwe ili ndi zitosi za mbalame. Kawirikawiri, njira ya matenda ndi kupyolera kwa fungal spores. Kusakaniza kwa spores sikumatengedwa ngati njira yabwino yofalitsira, pamene kufalitsa kwa anthu mpaka kwaumunthu kumatengedwa kukhala kosawerengeka.
Kuchokera kwa cryptococcosis (yomwe imaphatikizapo cryptococcal meningitis) imayikidwa ndi Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) monga chikhalidwe chofotokozera Edzi mwa anthu omwe ali ndi HIV.
Zizindikiro za cryptococcal meningitis zimaphatikizapo:
- malungo
- masomphenya owonetsa ndi photophobia (zozama kwambiri kuunika)
- kusokonezeka maganizo
- mutu
- khosi lopweteka, lopweteka
Histoplasmosis
Histoplasmosis imayamba chifukwa cha bowa wamba wotchedwa H. capsulatum , umene umapezeka nthawi zonse m'mitsinje yowonongeka, mbalame zakugwa, ndi guano. Matendawa amadziwika kuti amapezeka kummawa ndi kummwera kwa America (kuphatikizapo Africa, Southeast Asia, kum'maŵa kwa Ulaya, ndi Central ndi South America), ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri athudzidwa amakhala ndi zizindikiro zochepa, zomwe zimakhala ndi chimfine zomwe sizikhala ndi nthawi yaitali.
Komabe, mwa anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a Edzi, histoplasmosis ikhoza kufika ku matenda aakulu a mapapu monga ofanana ndi chifuwa chachikulu . Ikhoza kufalikira bwino kuposa mapapo ndipo imakhudza ziwalo zikuluzikulu zambiri, kawirikawiri omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV ndi ma CD4 pansi pa 150.
Choncho, histoplasmosis yayikidwa ndi CDC monga momwe zimafotokozera Edzi anthu omwe ali ndi HIV.
Zizindikiro za histoplasmosis zingaphatikizepo izi:
- malungo
- Kutupa kwa ma lymph glands
- chifuwa
- kupuma pang'ono
- kulemera kwakukulu
Coccidiomycosis
Coccidioimycosis imayambitsidwa ndi bowa C. immitis kapena C. posadaii , ndipo amatchedwa Valley Fever. Mayikowa ankakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi anthu a ku Southwestern United States, kuphatikizapo Texas ndi kum'mwera kwa California, komanso kumpoto kwa Mexico, Central America, ndi South America.
Mofanana ndi cryptococcosis, coccidiomycosis imafalitsidwa ndi fungal spores yomwe imapezeka mu dothi, yomwe imawombera m'mlengalenga ndipo imayambitsidwa m'mapapo.
Zizindikiro kawirikawiri zimakhala zochepa komanso zochepa ndipo zingaphatikizepo izi:
- malungo
- mutu
- chifuwa
- kupuma pang'ono
- kupweteka kwa minofu
- kutopa
Komabe, pamene matendawa akufalikira m'mapapo kupita ku machitidwe ena am'thupi amalingaliridwa kuti ali ndi vuto la Edzi , zomwe zimayambitsa matenda akuluakulu a zilonda zam'mimba, kupweteka kwa mimba, kupweteka kwa mafupa, ndi kutupa mtima.
Zotsatira:
Maofesi a Kuletsa ndi Kuteteza Matenda (CDC). "Anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV / Edzi: Chimene mukufuna kudziwa za matenda a fungal." Atlanta, Georgia; inapezeka pa May 27, 2016.
CDC. "Malangizo Othandizira Kupewa ndi Kuchiza Matenda Oponderezedwa Omwe Akhudzidwa ndi kachilombo ka HIV ndi Achinyamata." Kufa ndi Kukonza Sabata Sabata. 2009; 58 (RR04): 1-198.