Kulowetsa maselo a tsinde ndi malo oyesera ndi omwe akufalikira a kafukufuku wa Multiple Sclerosis (MS) , ndipo zotsatira za sayansi zakali pano zakhala zikulonjeza. Izi zikunenedwa, akatswiri ali osamala, popeza mtundu uwu wa mankhwala ukutaya thupi, ndipo amafunikanso kuyeza mosamala zazitsulo poyerekeza ndi cons.
Kusuntha kwa Cell Shem mu Multiple Sclerosis
M'mbuyomu, maselo osokoneza maselo amasungidwa kwa omwe ali ndi mitundu ina ya khansa ya magazi kapena mafupa a mafupa, monga khansa ya m'magazi, lymphoma, kapena multipleeloma.
Koma m'zaka zingapo zapitazi, kusamba kwa maselo a stem kwafufuzidwa pochiza matenda ena okhudzana ndi chitetezo cha mthupi, kuphatikizapo multiple sclerosis.
Kuika maselo a tsinde pochiza MS kumayambira ndi ndondomeko yotchedwa selo yakukolola. Njirayi imaphatikizapo kuchotsa maselo a munthu m'magazi awo (omwe amapezeka kudzera mu mitsempha) kapena mafupa awo (omwe amapezeka kupyolera mu singano).
Nthawi yothandizidwa ndi mankhwalawa ndi mavitamini otchedwa hematopoietic cell-transplant-autologous omwe amatanthawuza kuti maselo enieni a munthu amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndipo amatanthauza kuti maselo a maselo amapanga magazi.
Momwe maselo amagazi amasonkhanitsira ndi kusungidwa, munthu akhoza kutetezedwa ndi chitetezo cha thupi lake (kutchedwa kusakaniza myeloablative) kapena kupukuta (kutchedwa kuika myeloablative). Kuponderezedwa kapena kupukuta kumeneku kumapezeka kudzera mu mankhwala a chemotherapy ndi ma antibodies.
Kusiyanitsa pakati pa chitetezo cha chitetezo cha thupi ndi ablation (kupukuta kunja) ndiko kuti kupukuta kumafuna kuchuluka, poizoni kwambiri wa chemotherapy, poyerekeza ndi kuponderezana, komwe kumafuna kuchepetsa, poizoni pang'ono.
Pambuyo pa nthawiyi, munthu akhoza kupuma kwa masiku angapo asanakumane ndi maselo osokoneza bongo. Njira yomwe maselo amatsitsimutsira kwa munthu kudzera mthunzi.
Kamodzi kamene kamakhalapo, izi zimayambira maselo kuyenda kuchokera mu magazi kulowa mu fupa la mafupa kumene amapanga ndi kumanga machitidwe a chitetezo cha mthupi-lingaliro lakuti kukhala ndi chitetezo cha chitetezo cha thupi chatsopano komanso chitetezo cha thupi kumakhala chathanzi ndipo sichidzamenyana ndi myelin sheath mu ubongo ndi msana chingwe.
Sayansi Yotsutsana ndi Kusuntha kwa Selo ku MS
Mu phunziro la 2016 ku Canada ku Lancet, anthu 12 akuluakulu omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda ambiri komanso odwala 12 omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a MS ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda. Otsatirawa anali ndi nkhanza komanso nthendayi yovuta kwambiri, kutanthauza kuti anali ndi ma ARV ambiri oyambirira omwe anali olemala, ngakhale akudwala MS.
Zotsatira za phunziro ili zinalonjeza ngakhale. Mwa anthu 24, 17 (70 peresenti) analibe matenda a MS patapita zaka zitatu kuchokera pamene anaika. Palibe matenda a MS omwe amatanthauza:
- Palibe MS atsopano
- palibe mankhwala atsopano a MS pa MRI
- palibe umboni wokhuza matenda
Kuonjezera apo, patatha zaka zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri (7,5) kutenganso, 40 peresenti ya ophunzirawo adakula bwino muumphawi wawo wokhudzana ndi MS. Ndipotu, ena mwa ophunzirawo anapeza bwino kwambiri kuphatikizapo:
- chisankho cha nystagmus ndi ataxia
- kubwerera kuntchito kapena kusukulu
- kukwatira kapena kugwirizana
- Kukhala ndi ana pogwiritsa ntchito dzira / umuna wa banki
Zonsezi zikunenedwa, ndizofunika kuzindikira kuti mwa otsogolera 24, mmodzi adamwalira chifukwa cha matenda, vuto lomwe limagwirizana ndi kusamba kwa maselo. Wophunzira wina adalinso ndi vuto lalikulu la chiwindi ndipo adalandila kuchipatala kwa nthawi yaitali. Komanso, panali zotsatira zina zambiri zokhudzana ndi kuziika, monga neutropenic fever ndi tizilombo toledzera.
Kafukufuku Wowonjezera Wambiri Wamasamba a Stem ku MS
Mu phunziro la 2015 ku JAMA , anthu 123 omwe ali ndi MS omwe akubwezeretsanso kachiwiri komanso 28 omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a MS ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa maselo.
Otsatirawo adatsatiridwa zaka pafupifupi 2.5. Mosiyana ndi zomwe anaphunzira kale, chitetezo cha mthupi mwa odwalawa chinali choponderezedwa, mosiyana ndi kupukutidwa kusanatuluke maselo osakanizidwa omwe amatchedwa semo-slmative cell stem .
Zotsatira zikusonyeza kuti kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha kubwereranso ndi chiwerengero cha zitsulo za MS gadolinium zowonjezereka pazitsulo zonse zothandizira maselo a MRIs. MRIS ya ubongo idatsirizidwa patatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi mutatha kusinthasintha ndiyeno pachaka.
Komanso, panali kusintha kwa chimodzi kapena zingapo m'masamba EDSS mwa 50 peresenti ya ophunzira pa zaka 2 ndi 64 peresenti ya ophunzira pazaka 4. Dongosolo la EDSS limapangitsa kuti MS alimbane komanso apite patsogolo kuti akhale olumala. Koma kusintha kumeneku kunawoneka mwa iwo omwe ali ndi MS obwezeretsa (osati omwe ali ndi MS chipambano), komanso omwe ali ndi MS kwa zaka 10 kapena zochepa.
Phunziroli linali ndi zotsatira zovuta kwambiri-palibe imfa kapena matenda akuluakulu. Izi zikutheka kuti zimachitika chifukwa chotsutsa ndikufafaniza chitetezo cha mthupi musanafike maselo amkati.
Mawu Ochokera
Ngakhale kuti izi ndizosangalatsa, akatswiri adakali osamala. Mayeserowa ndi ochepa ndipo alibe magulu olamulira. Maphunziro akuluakulu ndi ochuluka a nthawi yayitali amafunika kuti amvetsetse ubwino ndi chitetezo cha feteleza zowonongeka pogwiritsa ntchito MS. Komanso, kuopsa kwa thanzi la kusambira maselo ndizowona. Choncho kupeza njira zochepetsera zoopsazi ndizovuta ndikutsutsa.
Kuonjezera apo, ngakhale ngati maselo opangira maselo amavomerezedwa ku MS, akhoza kukhala mankhwala omwe amasungidwa kwa omwe ali ndi MS ovuta kwambiri omwe alephera kuchiritsira mankhwala monga interferons kapena Copaxone-osati kuti sangagwire ntchito kwa omwe ali ndi matenda oopsa , koma kuti zoopsa zingakhale zopanda pake.
Zotsatira:
American Cancer Society. Kusuntha kwa Cell Shem kwa Khansa.
Atkins et al. Matenda a Immunoablation ndi autologous omwe amachititsa kuti thupi likhale lopweteka kwambiri. Lancet. 2016. 2016 Jun 8. pii: S0140-6736 (16) 30169-6.
Burt RK et al. Mgwirizano wa odwala omwe sagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuti thupi lawo lisatengedwe. JAMA . 2015 Jan20; 313 (3): 275-84.