Chida Chowunika Kukula kwa Matenda a MS Ogwiritsidwa Ntchito Kwambiri ku Studies
Wowonjezera Disability Status Scale (EDSS) ndi ndondomeko yowerengera yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri pogawa ndi kuwonetsa kukula ndi kupitirira kwa multiple sclerosis (MS).
Ngakhale EDSS ili ndi zofooka zambiri ndipo ndi zovuta kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kumvetsetsa, nkofunika kuti anthu omwe ali ndi MS asadziwe chomwe chiri komanso momwe akugwiritsidwira ntchito. Akatswiri ena a m'magazi amagwiritsa ntchito njirayi kuti adziwe momwe MS awo akuyendera (ngati akukhala olemala).
EDSS imagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri m'mayesero a zachipatala, kuti mudziwe omwe angathe kutenga nawo mbali ndi zotsatira za zotsatira (monga ngati mankhwalawa ali othandiza).
Momwe EDSS Score ikuwerengedwera
Maphunziro a EDSS amachokera ku kuyezetsa magazi ndi kuyesa machitidwe opatsirana (FS), omwe ndi malo omwe amachititsa kuti thupi liziyenda bwino. Machitidwe ogwira ntchito awa ndi awa:
- Pyramidal (yokhoza kuyenda)
- Cerebellar (kugwirizana)
- Tsinde la ubongo (kulankhula ndi kumeza)
- Kumva (kugwira ndi kupweteka)
- Ntchito yamatumbo ndi chikhodzodzo
- Onani
- Maganizo
- Zina (zimaphatikizapo zowonjezera zina zokhudzana ndi ubongo chifukwa cha MS)
Pambuyo pofufuza njirazi, katswiri wa zamagetsi amatha kukopera wodwalayo pogwiritsa ntchito zomwe adapeza. Mipukutu ya EDSS ya 0.0 mpaka 10.0.
0.0: Kafukufuku watsopano wa matenda a ubongo.
1.0: Palibe olumala, koma zizindikiro zochepa m'thupi limodzi (FS) zilipo.
1.5: Palibe olumala, koma zizindikiro zochepa mwa oposa FS amodzi alipo.
2.0: Kulemala kochepa pa FS imodzi ilipo.
2.5: Pali kulemala kochepa mu FS imodzi kapena kulemala kochepa mu FS iwiri.
3.0: Pali kulemala kwakukulu mu FS imodzi kapena kulemala mu FS itatu kapena inayi. Komabe, munthuyo adakalipo kale.
3.5: Munthuyo ali ndi ambulatory, koma ali ndi zolemala zochepa mu FS imodzi ndi kulemala m'modzi kapena awiri FS, kapena kulemala kwakukulu m'ma FS awiri; kapena kulemala ku FS zisanu.
4.0: Munthuyo amavomereza mosavuta popanda chithandizo, ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhalapo (maola 12) ngakhale kuti ali ndi vuto lolemala. Iye amatha kuyenda mamita 500 popanda thandizo kapena mpumulo.
4.5: Munthuyo akungoyendayenda popanda thandizo, ndipo nthawi yayitali komanso pafupifupi tsiku lonse. Iye amatha kugwira ntchito tsiku lonse, koma mwina angakhale ndi malire a ntchito yonse kapena amafuna thandizo lochepa. Izi zimaonedwa kuti ndi olumala kwambiri. Amatha kuyenda mamita 300 popanda thandizo.
5.0: Munthuyo amatha kuyenda mamita 200 popanda thandizo kapena kupuma. Kulemala kumapangitsa ntchito zonse za tsiku ndi tsiku, monga kugwira ntchito tsiku lonse popanda zoperekedwa.
5.5: Munthuyo amatha kuyenda mamita 100 popanda thandizo kapena kupuma. Kulemala kumalepheretsa ntchito zonse za tsiku ndi tsiku.
6.0: Munthuyo amafunika kuthandizidwa nthawi zonse (yosakaniza, ndowe kapena nsalu) kuti ayende mamita 100 kapena osapuma.
6.5: Munthuyo amafunika kuthandizidwa nthawi zonse (nzimbe, crutch kapena braces) kuyenda mamita 20 popanda kupumula.
7.0: Munthuyo sangathe kuyenda mamita asanu kupyolera mu chithandizo, ndipo akungoyenda pa njinga ya olumala. Komabe, iye ali ndi mawilo okha ndipo amasamutsidwa yekha ndipo akugwira ntchito pa wheelchair pafupi maola 12 pa tsiku.
7.5: Munthu sangathe kutenga masitepe ochepa chabe ndipo amangokhala pa njinga za olumala, ndipo angafunike kuthandizidwa. Iye ali ndi mawilo okha, koma angafunike mpando woponderezedwa pazochitika za tsiku lonse.
8.0: Munthuyo amangokhala pabedi, mpando kapena njinga ya olumala, koma akhoza kukhala atagona tsiku lonse. Iye amakhalabe ndi ntchito zodzikonda ndipo amagwiritsira ntchito bwino mikono.
8.5: Munthuyo amangogona tsiku lonse, koma amagwiritsira ntchito bwino zida komanso amakhalabe ndi ntchito yodzikonda.
9.0: Munthuyo amakhala pabedi, koma amatha kulankhula ndi kudya.
9.5: Munthuyo ndi wosatetezeka kwathunthu ndipo ali pogona ndipo satha kulankhula bwino kapena kudya ndi kumeza.
10.0: Imfa chifukwa cha MS.
Kuipa Pogwiritsa Ntchito EDSS kwa MS
Ofufuza ndi akatswiri awona zolephera izi za EDSS kuti adziwe odwala a MS ndi matenda awo:
- EDSS imatsindika kwambiri za kukhoza kuyenda.
- Sindimvetsetseka kusemphana maganizo pakati pa MS (monga mamba ambiri okhudzana ndi kafukufuku wamaganizo).
- Kuwerengera maphunziro a EDSS ndi ovuta, monga malamulo a momwe mungagwirire zowonjezera pa kufufuza kwa ubongo ndi kutanthauzira izi muzinthu zambiri za momwe ntchito ikuyendera ndi zovuta komanso zovuta.
- Chifukwa cha momwe mapangidwe apangidwira (onani ndondomeko zisanachitike), EDSS silingamvetsetse kusintha kwakukulu kwa anthu omwe ali ndi MS. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, anthu amawoneka "akudumphira" kuchokera kumbali imodzi ya mlingo kupita ku wina, osati kuwonetsa kuchepa kosalala.
Malingana ndi kutanthauzira, kusiyana kosiyana-siyana mu mphambu sikuli kofanana, malingana ndi komwe mukuyesa. Mwachitsanzo, kuchoka pa masentimita 8.0 mpaka 9.0 ndi chinthu chachikulu, chifukwa chimatanthauza kuti munthu amayamba kukhala wodzigwiritsira ntchito pogona. Kumbali ina, kuchoka pa 1.0 mpaka 2.0 kumatanthauza kuti munthu sakuchoka kulemala kupita kulemala. Zonsezi, phokosoli lingapange kusintha kwa mapiritsi ovuta kutanthauzira mu maphunziro a sayansi.
Kodi EDSS ndi Yothandiza liti?
N'zotheka kusunthira mmbuyo ndi mtsogolo pa msinkhu. Mwachitsanzo, wodwala wothandizira mokwanira ali ndi zizindikiro zowoneka bwino akhoza kukhala ndi chiwerengero cha EDSS cha nthawi zambiri. Kubwezeretsa kwa optic neuritis kungapangitse chiwerengero chawo mpaka 3.0, mpaka atachiritsidwa kapena zizindikiro zimachokera paokha. Iwo amatha kubwerera mmbuyo ku 1.0 (kapena 1.5 ngati pali zizindikiro zina ).
Ngakhale akatswiri ambiri a m'maganizo asagwiritse ntchito EDDS kuti ayang'ane odwala, ena amagwiritsa ntchito kuti adziwe ngati angachite chithandizo ngati Solu-Medrol kapena mankhwala akuyenera.
Mawu Ochokera
Pamene mukuphunzira zonse ndi mafotokozedwe a EDSS mwinamwake simukuyenera nthawi yanu, ndibwino kuti tsopano mutha kuzindikira zomwe EDSS ili pamene mukuwerenga mu phunziro la MS, kapena ngati mumamva katswiri wanu wa zamaganizo atanena izi. Zingathenso kutonthoza ena mwa inu, podziwa kuti pali njira yeniyeni yosankhira olemala mu MS.
Zotsatira:
Meyer-Moock S., Feng YS., Maeurer M., Dippel FW., & Kohlmann T. Kufufuza zolemba ndi zovomerezeka zowona za Disabled Status Scale (EDSS) ndi Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite kwa odwala multiple multiple sclerosis. BMC Neurol . 2014 Mar 25; 14: 58.
National MS Society. Zochita Zogwira Ntchito (FSS) ndi Zowonjezera Zowonongeka Maonekedwe (EDSS).