Anaphylaxis ndi njira yowopsa ya moyo yomwe ingayambidwe chifukwa chokhala ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana (zovuta). Matenda ambiri omwe amatha kupanga anaphylaxis ndi mankhwala, tizilombo toyamwa, zakudya, ndi latex.
Mmene Chitetezo cha M'thupi chimayambira Anaphylaxis
Chitetezo chanu cha mthupi chimakutetezani inu zachilendo. Mitundu ya mbiri yakale ndi yothandizira ena yomwe imalimbikitsa kuyankha kotupa imasungidwa m'maselo akuluakulu ndi ma basophil omwe ali m'thupi mwathupi.
Pambuyo poonekera kwa zinthu zakunja, maselo a thupi lanu (lymphocytes) amayamba kupanga ma antibodies omwe angazindikire zinthuzo nthawi yomwe ali m'thupi. Zotsatira zam'mbuyozi, ma antibodies amenewa amamangirira ku zinthuzo komanso amapepala amtundu wa maselo akuluakulu. Izi zimayambitsa kumasulidwa kwa mankhwala a mkhalapakati omwe amalimbikitsa zotupa.
Olemba mbiri ndi ena ena amachititsa kuti mitsempha ya magazi ichepetse kotero kuti madzi ambiri alowetsa minofu, zomwe zimachititsa kutupa. Mu anaphylaxis, mankhwala amamasulidwa mu thupi lonse ndipo amakhudza machitidwe osiyanasiyana. Kuthamanga kwa magazi, ming'oma, ndi kupuma kovuta zimawoneka.
Matenda a anaphylactic samachitika nthawi yoyamba pamene mukupezeka kuti mukudwala. Nthawi yotsatira mukakhala kuti mukudwala matendawa, mukhoza kukhala ndi vuto. Anaphylaxis ndi yosavuta koma imachitika nthawi iliyonse mutalandira mphamvu.
Nthawi zina mankhwalawa amachititsa kuti athe kumasulidwa, asanayambe kutsogolo kapena kukula kwa ma antibodies. Izi zimatchedwa anaphylactoid ndipo nthawi zambiri zimawoneka mmaganizo osiyana siyana pakati pa IV, opioids, masewera olimbitsa thupi, ndi kutentha kwakukulu.
Zomwe Zimayambitsa
Anaphylaxis ikhoza kuchitika chifukwa cha pafupifupi mtundu wina uliwonse.
Komabe, matenda opatsirana monga chimfine ndi nyama zowonongeka sizimayambitsa anaphylaxis. Ambiri a anaphylaxis sangathe kugwirizana ndi mtundu wina wonse wa zamoyo ndipo amatchedwa idiopathic.
Zakudya Zowonongeka
Chifuwa cha zakudya ndizo zimayambitsa anaphylaxis kwa ana, komanso pakati pa zifukwa zazikulu za akulu. Zakudya zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mchere, mtedza wa mtedza (walnuts, haznut, pecans), nsomba, nkhono, mazira a nkhuku, ndi mkaka wa ng'ombe. Zingakhalenso ndi tirigu, soya, mbewu za sitsam, ndi zipatso za kiwi, ndi ufa wa lupine.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda
Msuzi ndi njuchi zimayambitsa kafukufuku wa anaphylactic kwa ana ndipo amachititsa anthu akuluakulu. Tizilombo timene timaphatikizapo mabulosi achikasu, uchi, mapepala, ndi nyanga. Nyerere zamoto zingathenso kutulutsa.
Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo
Kuwopsa kwa mankhwala ndi chifukwa chofala cha anaphylaxis m'zaka zonse. Mankhwala omwe amachititsa anaphylaxis ndi penicillin, aspirin, ndi mankhwala osalimbikitsa kutupa monga Advil (ibuprofen) ndi Aleve (naproxen).
Matenda a Anaphylactoid angathe kuchitika pambuyo poyendetsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amapatsidwa pa nthawi yambiri ya anesthésia, ayinayi osiyana siyana a ayodini omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga masomphenya, opioids, ndi ma antibodies monoclonal.
Mankhwala osaphatikizapo omwe amachititsa anaphylaxis amawoneka ndi:
- Insulini, makamaka kuchokera kwa anthu osakhalapo kapena osagwiritsidwa ntchito posachedwa kapena nthawi zonse.
- Mankhwala a Sulfa
- Mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda
- Mankhwala ogwiritsidwa ntchito pakhungu, kuphatikizapo maantibayotiki
- Mankhwala a antiesthetics a m'derali, monga ogwiritsidwa ntchito m'mazinyo
Latex Allergies
Latex ndi mankhwala a mphira wachilengedwe omwe amapezeka mu zinthu zambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu chithandizo chaumoyo komanso malonda ambiri ogulitsa. Kufunika kwa latex kuwonjezeka m'zaka za 1980 monga ntchito yogwiritsira ntchito magetsi kunkafunika pazinthu zambiri za chithandizo chamankhwala. The latex ntchito anali kwambiri mu mapuloteni amene amachititsa latex zovuta. Magolovesi omwe amapezeka tsopano ali ndi mapuloteni otsika.
Komabe, anthu amene alimbikitsidwa komanso ali ndi vuto lochedwa kwambiri la kuchepetsa matendawa akhoza kuthandizidwa ngakhale kukhala m'chipinda chokhala ndi magolovesi a latex kapena mabuluni.
Anaphylaxis yochititsa chidwi
Kuchulukitsa-kutulutsa anaphylaxis (EIA) ndi chifukwa chosavuta cha anaphylaxis chomwe chimapezeka chifukwa cha kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Zochita zolimbitsa thupi zingakhale za mtundu uliwonse, kuphatikizapo kuthamanga, tenisi, kusambira, kuyenda, kapena ngakhale ntchito zovuta monga chipale chofewa. Zizindikiro zingayambe ndi kutopa, kutentha, kuyabwa, ndi kufiira, kawirikawiri m'katikati mwa masewera olimbitsa thupi.
Chifukwa cha EIA sichidziwika. Komabe, anthu ambiri ali ndi vuto lina lomwe, limodzi ndi kuchita masewero olimbitsa thupi, limayambitsa zizindikiro. Izi zimaphatikizapo mankhwala, zakudya, mowa, nyengo (kutentha, kuzizira, kapena chinyezi) ndi kusamba. Kawirikawiri, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kapena kugwilitsika kokhako sikungayambitse zizindikiro. Koma ngati munthuyo akudziwika ndi zovuta, ndiye kuti zizindikiro za EIA zikhoza kuchitika.
Mankhwala omwe adanena kuti amachititsa EIA ndi aspirin, ibuprofen ndi mankhwala ena osagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa kutupa (NSAIDs) . Zakudya zambiri (ngati amadya maola 24 asanayese) zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi EIA, kuphatikizapo mbewu za tirigu, nsomba, mtedza, zipatso, ndiwo zamasamba, mkaka, ndi mowa. Anthu ena omwe ali ndi EIA amagwirizanitsa ndi kudya, koma palibe chakudya chapadera chimene chimayambitsa zizindikiro.
Oral Mite Anaphylaxis (Pancake Syndrome)
Anthu omwe amadya fumbi amatenga anaphylaxis chifukwa chodya zakudya zowonongeka ndi fumbi mite particles. Matendawa omwe sapezekapo apatsidwa dzina lakuti oral mite anaphylaxis (OMA), kapena matenda a pancake. Nthata zotere zimayambitsa matenda opatsirana. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'mabedi, matabwa, komanso mipando, koma amatha kuipitsa zakudya zopangidwa ndi ufa wa tirigu ndi mbewu zina. Zizindikiro za OMA zimachitika pakangopita mphindi zochepa mutatha kudya zakudya zonyansa.
OMA imadziwika kawirikawiri ndi achinyamata omwe ali ndi vuto linalake, ngakhale kuti likhoza kuchitika kwa anthu a mibadwo yonse. Sizomveka chifukwa chake anthu ambiri sakukumana ndi vutoli, chifukwa momwe fumbi limagwirira ntchito komanso nthawi zambiri ufa umakhala wodetsedwa ndi nthata. Anthu amanena kuti anadwala matenda a pancake, pafupifupi theka (44 peresenti) anali ndi mbiri yokhudza mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe alibe anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
Urticaria / Anaphylaxis Yotentha
Kawirikawiri, kutentha kwa madzi kungabweretse anaphylaxis. Anthu omwe amatha kukhala omvera amatha kukhala ndi urticaria (ming'oma) yozizira yomwe imapangidwa m'madera ozizira.
Kuchepetsa Kutsekula kwa Nyama Yofiira
Mtundu wochuluka wa anaphylaxis ukhoza kuchitika mwa anthu omwe adalidwa ndi nkhupakupa yomwe yadyetsa posachedwa magazi kuchokera ku ziweto. Anthu awa amalimbikitsidwa ndi alpha-gal ndipo amatha kukhala anaphylaxis akamadya nyama yofiira.
Zowopsa
Anthu omwe ali ndi chifuwa chachikulu ku matenda omwe amachititsa anaphylaxis ali pangozi. Mwinamwake mwakhala mukuchitapo kanthu mmbuyomu, monga kutukuka. Mungathe kukhala ndi anaphylaxis m'tsogolo. Ngati kale munali ndi anaphylactic reaction inu muli pachiopsezo chokhala ndi kachiwiri. Zotsatira zamtsogolo zingakhale zovuta kwambiri.
Anthu omwe ali ndi mphumu yochepa kwambiri amakhala pachiopsezo chachikulu chokhudza matenda, kuphatikizapo anaphylaxis. Ngati muli ndi mankhwala enaake, mankhwala, kapena tizilombo, muyenera kusamala ngati muli ndi mphumu. N'chimodzimodzinso ndi anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ena ammapapu omwe amayamba kupweteka kwambiri pamene akudwala anaphylaxis. Ngati muli ndi mphumu yosagwidwa ndi matenda osokoneza bongo, muli ndi chiopsezo chakufa chifukwa cha anaphylaxis.
Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a mtima omwe amatenga beta-blockers kapena alpha-adrenergic blockers amakhala pachiopsezo chachikulu ngati ali ndi anaphylaxis chifukwa mankhwalawa amachepetsa zotsatira za epinephrine, zomwe zimalepheretsa anaphylactic kuchita.
Chithandizo cha Anaphylaxis ndi epinephrine chimakhala ndi chiopsezo chachikulu kwa anthu opitirira zaka 50 chifukwa zingathe kuchititsa mavuto a mtima kuphatikizapo kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso matenda a myocardial infarction.
Muli pachiopsezo chotchedwa anaphylaxis ngati muli ndi matenda kapena mukuchira.
Mastocytosis ndizovuta kwambiri zomwe mumakhala ndi maselo ambiri, omwe ndi maselo a m'thupi omwe amasunga histamine ndi mankhwala ena. Maselo amenewa akhoza kusonkhanitsa khungu, ziwalo, ndi mafupa. Ngati zimayambitsa matendawa, mumakhala pangozi ya anaphylaxis chifukwa cha chiwerengero cha maselo otulutsa mankhwalawa.
Zotsatira:
> Anaphylaxis. Chipatala cha Mayo. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/anaphylaxis/symptoms-causes/syc-20351468.
> Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo: Matenda a Anaphylactic (Anaphylaxis). Institute of Quality and Efficiency in Care Care. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK464181/.
> Idiopathic Zozizira Factsheet November 2017 . Ntchito ya Anaphylaxis. https://www.anaphylaxis.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Idiopathic-Anaphylaxis-Factsheet-Nov-2017.pdf.
> Nzeru BI, Dhami S, Mtsogoleri A. Idiopathic Anaphylaxis. Zochitika Zamakono Zopereka Chithandizo cha Zofufuzira . 2017; 4 (3): 312-319. lembani: 10.1007 / s40521-017-0136-2.
> Sanchez-Borges M, Suarez Chacon R, Capriles-Hulett A, Caballo-Fonseca F, Fernandez-Caldas E. Anaphylaxis Kuchokera Kulowa kwa Nthata: Pancake Anaphylaxis. J Zachilombo Zamtundu wa Immunol. 2013; 131: 31-5.