Matenda a Bakiteriya Amodzi Angathe Kufa Mwachidziwitso Chakumayambiriro kwa Matenda a HIV
Mycobacterium avium complex, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti MAC, ndi matenda akuluakulu omwe amabwera kwa anthu omwe ali ndi HIV. Ngakhale aliyense atha kukhala ndi kachilombo ka HIV, matenda amangowonjezera omwe ali ndi machitidwe omenyera thupi.
Choncho, MAC imatchulidwa ngati matenda opatsirana pogonana ndi Edzi , yomwe imakhudza anthu 20 mpaka 40% aliwonse omwe ali ndi AIDS omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyambitsa chitetezo cha mthupi omwe alibe kachilombo ka HIV kapenanso kumwa mankhwala opatsirana pogonana.
MAC imayendera makamaka pamapapo, ngakhale ambiri mwa matendawa sali oopsya.
Komabe, pamene CD4 ya munthu ikudutsa pansi pa selo 50 / mL, MAC ikhoza kudutsa m'mapapu ndikuphatikizapo machitidwe ena akuluakulu, kuphatikizapo chiwindi, mpeni, ndi fupa la fupa. Ndiyomwe matendawa a MAC angakhale oopsa kwambiri kuopseza moyo.
Kodi Ndi Zizindikiro Ziti za MAC?
Matenda a MAC amapezeka m'mapapo kapena m'matumbo ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zizindikiro zochepa ngati zilipo. Komabe, pamene kufalikira (kusakaza) kupyola m'mapapu ndi m'magazi, kungayambitse matenda ambiri. Zizindikiro zoyambirira za MAC yofalitsa ndi izi:
- Fever
- Kutuluka kwa usiku
- Chills
- Kutopa (nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa magazi)
- Kutsekula m'mimba
- Kutaya thupi (cachexia)
- Kupweteka m'mimba
Kodi MAC Amadziwika Bwanji?
Matenda a MAC amapezeka ndi mayeso a labotale omwe angathe kudziwa mabakiteriya a MAC mu zitsanzo za magazi kapena mafupa. Mafupa a mafupa amtunduwu amachokera ku fupa la mchiuno ndi singano, pamene zitsanzo za mwazi zimasonkhanitsidwa ndi kuvomereza magazi.
Sampuli sichikulire m'matope kuti ayese ngati mabakiteriya a MAC alipo kapena ayi. Izi zimatenga masiku asanu ndi awiri.
Kodi Anthu Amapeza Bwanji MAC?
Zamoyo za MAC zimakhala ponseponse, kuphatikizapo dothi, zakudya, ndi zinyama za tsiku ndi tsiku. Mabakiteriya a MAC angapezekanso m'mabuku ambiri a madzi akumwa, kuphatikizapo machitidwe a madzi ochiritsira, komanso ngakhale fumbi lapakhomo.
Choncho, ndizovuta kwambiri kupewa. Kumbali inayi, MAC samaoneka kuti imadutsa kuchokera kwa munthu mmodzi.
Kodi Ndingapewe Bwanji MAC?
Popeza kupezeka kwa MAC ndi kosavuta kuti zitheke, njira yabwino yopeŵera matenda ndiyo kuonetsetsa kuti chitetezo chanu cha mthupi sichitha. Izi zimapindula kwambiri pochiza kachirombo ka HIV ndi mankhwala opatsirana pogonana (ART) . Kugwiritsa ntchito ART sikungowonetsetsa kuti chitetezo chanu cha mthupi chikhalebe cholimba, kukhala ndi ma CD4 apamwamba, akhoza kubwezeretsa chitetezo cha thupi ngakhale kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mphamvu zolimbitsa thupi.
Pakalipano, ART imalimbikitsidwa kwa anthu onse omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV panthawi yomwe adziwa. Kuyezetsa magazi ndi matendawa sikudzangowononga MAC ndi zina zoterezi, komanso zimakhudzana ndi moyo wautali komanso zochepa za matenda a HIV ndi omwe alibe HIV.
Anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV omwe ali ndi ma CD4 pansi pa maselo 50 / ml, mankhwala osokoneza bongo tsiku ndi tsiku amalembedwa kuti athetse bwino chitukuko cha MAC. Mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi awa:
- Clarithromycin, mtundu wa maantibayotiki amatha kufotokozera mwamsanga MAC kuchokera m'magazi
- Azithromycin ndi njira yabwino yowonjezeramo clarithromycin
- Rifabutin, njira ina yothandiza (ngakhale kudziwika kuti ikugwirizana ndi mankhwala ena a HIV)
Kodi MAC Imasamaliridwa Bwanji?
Matenda a MAC amachitidwa kawirikawiri ndi kuphatikiza clarithromycin ndi ethambutol , popanda rifabutin. ART idzayambanso kuyambitsidwa kwa omwe asanalandire chithandizo.
Komabe, anthu omwe ali ndi CD4 zochepa kwambiri, ali ndi mwayi kuti zizindikiro za MAC zikhoza kutuluka pokhapokha ART itayamba. Ichi ndi chodabwitsa chomwe chimadziwika kuti chitetezo champhamvu choteteza thupi kuthupi (IRIS), chomwe chitetezo cha chitetezo cha mthupi chimasokoneza mwadzidzidzi, kuchititsa kuyankhidwa kwa thupi lonse. Ngati izi zikuchitika, corticosteroids ikhoza kulamulidwa kuti iwonetse zizindikiro za IRIS mpaka chitetezo cha mthupi chikhale chokhazikika.
Ngati kachilombo ka CD4 kameneka kakuposa maselo 100 / mL ndikukhazikika pamtunda uwu kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, chithandizo cha prophylactic chikhoza kuimitsidwa.
Zotsatira:
National Institutes of Health (NIH). "Malangizo Othandizira Kuteteza ndi Kuchiza Matenda Opanda Opatsirana Aakulu Achikulire omwe Ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV ndi Achinyamata - Anafalitsa Matenda a Mycobacterium Avium Complex." Bethesda, Maryland; zasinthidwa pa May 17, 2013.
Gulu la Ntchito Yothandizira ku United States (USPSTF). "Kuyezetsa HIV: US Statue of Prevention Services Task Force Recommendation." Rockville, Maryland; April 2013.
NIH. "Kuyambitsa Matenda a Antiretroviral Kumayambiriro Kumayambitsa Zotsatira za Anthu omwe ali ndi HIV." Bethesda, Maryland; inatulutsidwa pa May 27, 2015.